2012现在完成时

短暂性动词用法，等动词其动作的开始与结束都在很短的时间内完成，即它们所表示的动作刚一发生便停止了，因此，这些动词都称为短暂性动词（或终止性动词）。该类动词可以用于现在完成时，但在用法上有三点值得我们注意： 一、在现在完成时的肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如：他的祖父已去逝五年了。 误H 析上句中的 为短暂性动词，在现在完成时中不能和表示一段时间的状语，如： ， ， 等连用。正确的翻译有以下四种： .用表示持续状态的相应延续性动词来替换句中的短暂性动词。 如：正 .改用“ 一段时间”句型来表示。 如： 正 注意：在该句型中，主句须用现在时态，引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。上句还可译为： 正 .把误句中表示一段时间的状语改成表示过去时间的状语，同时把现在完成时改为过去时。 如：正 .改用“一段时间 ”句型来表示。 如：正 二、短暂性动词现在完成时的否定式已成为一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如： 杰姆已有四个月没收到父母的来信了。 自从年以来，那个老人一直没有离开过这儿。 三、短暂性动词现在完成时的肯定式不能和 连用，但否定式可以。 如：你买这本英语书有多久了？ 误 ？ 这时可改用延续性动词或与连用的一般过去时。 正 ？ 正 ？ 在初中阶段短暂性动词还有两个重要的用法： .在（表示“一段时间”）引导的从句里，不能用短暂性动词，但可以，因为既可以表示“一段时间”，也可表示“时间的点”。 如：当李华到达伦敦时，他发现自己的英语太有限。 误 ， 正 ， .短暂性动词的否定式（只能是否定式）和一起连用，构成“短暂性动词”句型，意为“直到才”。 如： 学生们等老师一到就开始开会（即学生不开始开会这一状态要持续到老师来时为止）。 open-be open close-be closed die-be dead leave-be away from go/come/arrive/get to/reach-be in join-be in start/begin-be on borrow-keep buy-have get to know-know arrivebe here begin(start)be on die be dead come backbe back leave be away (from) fall ill(sick, asleep)be ill(sick, asleep) get upbe up go out be out finish be over put on wear 或be on open be open join be in或 be a member of close be closed go to schoolbe a student borrow keep buy/get have catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know know begin to studystudy come to workworkmove to live in finish/end be overcome to be in sit down be seatedmarry be married dress be dressed等一. 选择填空1.( ) Mr. Dong _ actually _ in Sunshine Town since he was very young. A. have lived B. haslived C. havelive D. has living2.( )-Do you know Yao Ming very well?-Of course !.I _a lot of news about him on TV so far.A. read B. am reading C. have read D. reads3.( )-Now Nanjing is so beautiful that I cant recognize it when I came back.-Yes. Great changes _ in the past ten years.A. has taken place B. have taken place C. took place D. take place4.( )-Where is my English book ? -I _it here but I cant find it now. A. putted B. have just put C. was putting D. am putting5.( )Its 7:30. I cant believe you _ cooking dinner yet, Sandy. A. didnt start B. havent started C. dont start D. wont start 6.( ) Mother _me a new coat yesterday. I _ it on. It fits me well.A. had madehave tried B. madehave triedC. has madetried D. madetried7.( ) “He _to draw horses already”. “When _ he learn?” “Last year” A.learnedhas B. learneddid C. has learnedhas D. has learneddid8.( ) Tom _up into the tree. Look, he _ high up there ! A. has getis B. has climbedwas C. got was D. climbedis9.( ) _ you _ the text _ ? Yes, we _ it two hours ago.A. Didcopyyetdid B. Havecopiedalreadyhave C. Havecopiedyetdid D. Did copyeverhad10.( ) -Have you got the plan ready _? -No,_.A. already , not yet B. yet , not yet C. already , I havent D. ever , not yet二. 用动词的正确形式填空1. We _(study ) in Little Star English since two years ago.4. My father _ (read) the novel twice.5. - The door is open. Who _ (open) it? Do you know?- Sorry, I dont know.6. -She _(buy) a Hello Kitty for you , hasnt she?-Yes, she _.She _(buy) it in Sanrio Puroland last summer.7. This is the nicest park I _(see).8. -Are you sure you_(lose) your dictionary?-Yes, I _(look) for it everywhere , but I still cant find it.9. The children _ (enjoy) themselves in the party last Sunday morning.10. They _ (study) English for a long time.三.句型转换1. The dress is very beautiful. I want to buy it very much. (同义句)The dress is beautiful I want to buy it very much.2. He can help us because he has organized a charity show before. (对划线部分提问) _ _ he _ us?3. I wonder who can join in this party. (同义句) I wonder who can _ _ _ this party.4. To join the Riding Club is fun. (用it改写) _ is _ _ _ the Riding Club.5. We learnt Japanese last year. (同义句) Japanese _ _ _ _ _ _ . 6. I have known Sandy since three years ago. (对划线部分提问) _ _ _ you _ Sandy?7. They borrowed the book three days ago. （同义句） They _ _ the book _three days.8. He is watching TV now. (用at that time改写) He _ _ TV at that time.9. Ill show my friend these photos when I come back. (同义句)Ill show these photos my friend I come back.10.Millie spent at least 50 yuan on the dictionary. (同义句)Millie at least 50 yuan the dictionary.Millie at least 50 yuan the dictionary.The dictionary Millie at least 50 yuan.11.It is three days since he died. (同义句) Three days_ _since he died. It _ _ three days since he died.四. 根据汉语提示完成句子1你最近收到你爸爸的来信了吗？_ you _ _ your father _ ?2. 我已经很长时间没有拜访过我姑姑了。I _ _ my aunt _ _ _.3. Simon曾经去过几次中国。Simon _ _ _ China for _ _ _.4. 他们已经去电影院了They _ _ _ _ the cinema.5. Smith夫妇还没有回来。 The Smiths _ _ _ _.一、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、-Our country _ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well. changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years. was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . Knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、-These farmers have been to the United States .-Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone10、-_ you _ your homework yet ?-Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、-Do you know him well ?- Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made13、-How long have you _ here ?-About two months . been . gone . come . arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in. have been to . have gone to. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, go C. How long, cameD. How far, arrived20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to work C. has lived thereD. has left the university5