2012阅读分析

考试大纲对英语阅读作了以下说明：考试大纲对英语阅读作了以下说明：1. 理解语篇主旨大意；理解语篇主旨大意； 2. 理解文中具体信息；理解文中具体信息； 3. 根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义；根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义； 4. 作出简单的判断和推理；作出简单的判断和推理；5. 理解文章的基本结构；理解文章的基本结构； 6. 理解作者的观点、意图和态度。理解作者的观点、意图和态度。主旨大意主旨大意+作者的观点、意图和态度作者的观点、意图和态度设题方式设题方式 .考查文章的中心思想 The main idea/key point of this passage is that_ . The passage is mainly about _. From the passage we can learn/conclude that_ . Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? .考查文章标题的选择 The best title/headline for this passage is_ . Which of the following is the best title? What would be the best title for the text? The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_ . .考查作者的写作态度和意图 What is the authors main purpose in this passage? The writers purpose in writing this story is_ . In the passage the author wants to tell_ . The writers attitude toward . is_ . 干扰项特点干扰项特点1. 以偏概全。以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。是文章的局部信息。 2. 断章取义。断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。全文的主要观点。3. 主题扩大。主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。章实际所讨论的内容。4. 张冠李戴。张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在的特征放在B的身的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，会造成错上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。选答案。 5. 无中生有或似是而非。无中生有或似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好像有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。解题指导解题指导1.分清主次，抓住主干，找出主题句。分清主次，抓住主干，找出主题句。主题句是归纳表达文章中心思想的句子,它的出现有四种情况: 1）主题句在开头 主题句出现在段落或文章的开头部分,起着开宗明义 点明主题的作用,它可以使读者一开始就明白文章所讲的内容主旨 而支撑句则使用一些具体的人、物、数字或具体的步骤来阐述或论证主题，常伴有 for example i.e. that is first second finally once another time for one thing 等词。 2.理清层次关系理清层次关系,，选出最佳标题，选出最佳标题标题是文章中心思想的精练表达标题是文章中心思想的精练表达,多为一个名多为一个名词词组，短小明了词词组，短小明了,函盖性强函盖性强 做这类题目时做这类题目时,要在阅读全文的基础上要在阅读全文的基础上,把握好层次关系。注把握好层次关系。注意选项的归纳范围要恰如其分意选项的归纳范围要恰如其分,干扰项往往是干扰项往往是局部信息，是某一小节或文章里的某一句。局部信息，是某一小节或文章里的某一句。所以我们在解题时要反复推敲，把概括范围所以我们在解题时要反复推敲，把概括范围过窄或过宽的选项过滤掉。过窄或过宽的选项过滤掉。 3.抓住关键词，判断作者意图抓住关键词，判断作者意图作者在描述事实或传递信息时作者在描述事实或传递信息时,不管他的意图是不管他的意图是什么什么,其观点和态度都不可避免地在文章中反映其观点和态度都不可避免地在文章中反映出来出来 常见的涉及到作者态度的词有常见的涉及到作者态度的词有褒义类词褒义类词（approving, positive, optimistic,等），等），贬义贬义类类词词(critical, pessimistic, doubtful, questioning)和和中性类词中性类词(indifferent, serious, objective, concerned, neutral)。这就要求考。这就要求考生在阅读时应特别注意文章的措辞生在阅读时应特别注意文章的措辞,尤其注意那尤其注意那些表达感情色彩的形容词如些表达感情色彩的形容词如improving, encouraging, disappointing, fail, ignore等，等，以及作者对人物语言以及作者对人物语言 行为和思想的描写行为和思想的描写,从中从中领悟作者的写作意图和态度领悟作者的写作意图和态度 推理判断推理判断推理判断的题目中常含有推理判断的题目中常含有infer、imply词汇等。词汇等。题干形式：题干形式：1).It can be inferred from the text that _.2).From the text we know that _.3).The story implies that _. 4).The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _. 5).The writers attitude towardis _.干扰项的特点：干扰项的特点：1. 将文章中的已知信息作为干扰项；2. 将不符合事实、逻辑的判断推理结果作为干扰项。解题方法：解题方法：1. 判断推理要以文中事实为依据;2. 不能将文中已经阐明的事实作自己的推断;3. 杜绝仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。技巧技巧：找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。 注意注意：不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点解推断题最主要的方法解推断题最主要的方法: 根据词义关系推断具体细根据词义关系推断具体细节。节。 先定位，再仔细研读。先定位，再仔细研读。细节题细节题正确答案的特点：与原文情节表达手法不同，但正确答案的特点：与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。所表达的意思相同。干扰选项的特点：干扰选项的特点：1. 是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；2. 符合常识，但不符合原文内容；符合常识，但不符合原文内容；3. 与原文情节极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；与原文情节极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；4. 选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；5. 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。2012年高考年高考A篇篇 说明文说明文 主要介绍了人们常说主要介绍了人们常说“Have a nice day”这这一习惯。一习惯。B篇篇 议论文议论文 论点：反对定期喂养婴儿论点：反对定期喂养婴儿 论据：论据：1.我们不知道婴儿的血糖的情况我们不知道婴儿的血糖的情况 2. 定期喂养的危害定期喂养的危害 3. 实验表明，按需喂养较定期喂养的孩子更聪明实验表明，按需喂养较定期喂养的孩子更聪明结论：希望结束定期喂养的习惯。结论：希望结束定期喂养的习惯。C篇篇 记叙文记叙文 叙述了盲人作者因为害羞而不愿向别人求助叙述了盲人作者因为害羞而不愿向别人求助的故事的故事D篇篇 说明文说明文 讲述的是电视台通过在星期六和星期日的讲述的是电视台通过在星期六和星期日的下午播放体育节目而让广告商注入资金，从而给广告带来下午播放体育节目而让广告商注入资金，从而给广告带来了极大的效益。了极大的效益。26. How does the author understand Maxies words? 细节理解题细节理解题A. Maxie shows her anxiety to the author. B. Maxie really wishes the author a good day.C. Maxie encourages the author to stay happy.D. Maxie really worries about the authors security.“Have a nice day” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well. B27. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? 句意理解题句意理解题A. The salesgirl is rude.B. The salesgirl is bored.C. The salesgirl cares about me.D. The salesgirl says the words as a routine.“Have a nice day. Next!” The version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words came out in the same tone ( 腔调 ) with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone elses is the managements attempt to increase business.（routine 常规；习惯。）D28. By saying“Have a nice day, a stranger may _. 细节理解题细节理解题A. try to be polite to youB. express respect to youC. give his blessing to youD. share his pleasure with youThe expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you, you may find it heart-warming because someone you dont know has tried to be nice to you.（ polite 和和nice 是同义重现）是同义重现）A29. According to the last paragraph, people say“Have a nice day”_.细节理解题细节理解题A. sincerelyB. as thanksC. as a habitD. encouragingly最后一段第一句话最后一段第一句话Although the use of the expression is insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. 和最后一句和最后一句While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken The point is that people say it all the time when they like.（custom 一词和最后一句和一词和最后一句和habit 同义重现）同义重现）C30. What is the best title of the passage?主旨大意题主旨大意题A. Have a Nice Daya Social CustomB. Have a Nice Daya Pleasant GestureC. Have a Nice Daya Heart-warming GreetingD. Have a Nice Daya Polite Ending of a ConversationA。其它三个选项均属以偏概全。其它三个选项均属以偏概全31. According to Paragraph 2, one reason why a baby cries is that it feels_. 细节理解题细节理解题A. sick B. upset C. sleepy D. hungryMothers, doctors and nurse alike have no idea of where a babys blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.（ searching for food 和和hungry 是同义重现）是同义重现）D32. What does the author think about Dr King?A. He is strict 推理判断题推理判断题B. He is unkindC. He has the wrong idea.D. He sets a timetable for mothers（事实而非观点）（事实而非观点）It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. Ive never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the mum. C33. The word copper-bottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _. 词义猜测题词义猜测题A. basic B. reliable C. surprising D. interestingWell, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding . （ supports和和reliab同义重现）同义重现）B34. What does the research tell us about feeling a baby on demand? 细节理解题细节理解题A. The baby will sleep well.B. The baby will have its brain harmed.C. The baby will have a low blood sugar level.D. The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7 , 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ（智商）（智商）scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. （D与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。）与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。）D35. The author supports feeling the baby_.A. in the night 细节理解题细节理解题B. every four hoursC. whenever it wants foodD. according to its blood sugar level根据文章第一句根据文章第一句I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. 和最后一和最后一段段I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeling practices.（与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。（与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。)C干扰项的概念一般来自原文，干扰项的概念一般来自原文，（基于正确答案）意义相反、（基于正确答案）意义相反、局部正确、扩展信息、删减局部正确、扩展信息、删减信息、概念混淆、理解错误信息、概念混淆、理解错误