主语从句和同位语从句

2021/8/61名词性从句名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句从句.1宾语从句；宾语从句；2主语从句；主语从句；3表语从句；表语从句；4同位语从句同位语从句2021/8/62主语从句在另外一个句子中做主语的句在另外一个句子中做主语的句子叫主语从句。子叫主语从句。How the book will sell depends on its author. That he is the best student in the class is obvious 2021/8/63主语从句常用主语从句常用it it作形式主语放句首作形式主语放句首因而我们常见到这种句式：因而我们常见到这种句式：It+be+n./adj/-ed从句（从句（that, whether,etc.)例：例：Its a pity that you should have to leave. = That you should have to leave is a pity.It is great that I have a teacher like you.= That I have a teacher like you is great.2021/8/64 .主语从句的连接词主语从句的连接词一、主语从句一、主语从句 连词连词that(无词义无词义, 不作成分不作成分, 不能省不能省略略);whether(是否是否),if不能位于句首。不能位于句首。 That he will come and help us is certain. Whether we will succeed is still a question. It is not known if he will come.注意注意: : 已确定的事由已确定的事由thatthat引导引导; ; 没决定的事由没决定的事由whetherwhether引导引导. . 2021/8/653.连接副词连接副词when, where， why, how, how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many / much 等等.When the test will be given is not yet decided.How much we can spend must be agreed on.2. 连接代词连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which, whichever 等等.What he is has nothing to do with you.Whose ticket this is has not been found out.2021/8/661.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full（MET98） A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.（MET92） Awhile B. that Cif Dfor2021/8/67 为了使句子保持平衡，常用为了使句子保持平衡，常用it来代替主来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，但的主语从句常用于此种句式中，但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引导的引导的主语从句一般不后置。主语从句一般不后置。 请你归纳请你归纳 ？2021/8/68同位语从句同位语从句在一个更长的句子中作同位语使在一个更长的句子中作同位语使用的句子叫同位语从句。用的句子叫同位语从句。同位语与其前的词或短语表达的同位语与其前的词或短语表达的是同一事物。如：是同一事物。如：The fact that she is ill should be considered.2021/8/69The news that our team has won the match is true.His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句一般跟在名词同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea,answer,information,doubt, knowledge, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion后面后面, , 用以说明或解用以说明或解释前面的名词释前面的名词. .2021/8/610 The Differences Between The Differences Between Appositive clauses and Attributive ClausesAppositive clauses and Attributive Clauses 怎样区别同位语从句与定语从句2021/8/611同位语从句与定语同位语从句与定语 从句从句的的不同之处不同之处1 1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。限定前面的名词。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final matchis encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）2021/8/6122 2、引导从句的关联词、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分）不充当任何成分）2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。），又在从句中充当主语。）2021/8/613高一英语语法同步辅导高一英语语法同步辅导3 3、thatthat引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，故引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，故不能用不能用whichwhich替换；而替换；而thatthat引导定语从句时是引导定语从句时是代词，常可以和另一关系代词代词，常可以和另一关系代词whichwhich替换。替换。e.g. The fact that he is from Canada is new to me. （that不可换为不可换为which） The fact that surprised me is that he is not Chinese. （第一个（第一个that可换为可换为which，第二个，第二个不行，因为它引导的是表语从句。）不行，因为它引导的是表语从句。）2021/8/6144 4、引导同位语从句的关联词，除、引导同位语从句的关联词，除thatthat外，还可外，还可以根据句义使用任何其它疑问代词或副词；以根据句义使用任何其它疑问代词或副词；而定语从句不可用而定语从句不可用what, how, whetherwhat, how, whether等引导。等引导。e.g. I had no idea at all what I should do next. There is no proof whether he was killed by others.2021/8/615同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句引导词引导词that只起连接只起连接的作用的作用不充当句子不充当句子成分成分引导词引导词that除了引导除了引导句子外还句子外还充当充当一定的一定的句子成分句子成分同位语从句与前面同位语从句与前面的名词是的名词是同位关系同位关系表示这个名词的内表示这个名词的内容容定语从句对先行词起定语从句对先行词起修饰作用，修饰作用，表示表示“的的”。同位语从句的同位语从句的that 一一般不能省般不能省而定语从句中的关系而定语从句中的关系代词代词that，当其在从，当其在从句中做宾语时句中做宾语时，常常省省略略一一.同位语从句注意点同位语从句注意点2021/8/616 PracticeI. Tell the function of the clauses in the following sentences 说出下列从句的功能：说出下列从句的功能：A: Appositive（同位语）（同位语）; B: Attributive（定语）（定语） His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable. Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom. 4. Do you have any idea where we will be sent? 5. Is this the company where your father works? 6. This is the reason that he gave for his absence. 7. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.2021/8/6171. The news _ another power station will be built cheered all the villagers.A which B that C what D whatever2 The news _ he told us is exciting. Which of the following is wrong?A what B C which D thatExercisesBA2021/8/618II. Choose the best answer1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A. where B. when C. what D. thatBAB2021/8/6194.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether C. that D. whichACC2021/8/620what 与与that 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。则不然。What引导的主语从句一般不可改为含形式主语的引导的主语从句一般不可改为含形式主语的句子。例如：句子。例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is certain. It is right what you said yesterday.It is certain that she is still alive.2021/8/6211.用that 或what 填空 1. I wonder if this is _you are looking for. 2. Our school is quite different from _ it was before. 3. Father made a promise _ if I passed the examination he would buy me a computer.whatwhatthat2021/8/622 4._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind. 5._ the earth is round is known to us all. 归纳：归纳：WhatThat连词连词_在从句中不作成分，在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而不含有疑问意义，而_在从在从句中作成分，常含有疑问意义。句中作成分，常含有疑问意义。thatwhat2021/8/6231）_ you dont like him is none of my business. （S 92) A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 2021/8/624 2)_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. ( 93) A.What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 3) Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is - not ever. ( s2002） A. that B. which C. of which D. what AA2021/8/6253.选择填空（what,whatever,who,whoever 1._ was said here must be kept secret. 2. _we need is more time. 3._ made the long distance call to him is not important. 4._ breaks the law will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoever2021/8/626 _ 等引导的名等引导的名词性从句词性从句不含有疑问意义不含有疑问意义，相当于名，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而词后加一个定语从句，而 _等引导的名词等引导的名词性从句都性从句都含有疑问意义含有疑问意义。请你归纳请你归纳who,whoever/what,whatever ?Whoever,whateverWho, what 2021/8/627 1._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.(s99) A.Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever2021/8/628 2. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A.anyone B. whomever C.whoever D.no matter who 2021/8/629 3.These wild flowers are so special, I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever2021/8/630 4. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.（NMET97） A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.（MET88） A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 2021/8/631请你归纳请你归纳 在名词性从句中，除了在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首关联词在从句之首外，其外，其它部分它部分应用应用_的语的语序序。陈述句陈述句2021/8/6322021/8/633Thank you & Good bye!