辽宁省六校协作体高三英语上学期开学考试试题含解析

辽宁省六校协作体2020届高三英语上学期开学考试试题（含解析）本试卷分三部分，卷面分数120分。总分150分。考试用时100分钟。第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAmazing Stories of Animals Acting Just Like HumansHorses are picky eatersHorses have an even better sense of smell than humans do. When horses raise their noses and open their nostrils (鼻孔), their nervous system allows them to sense smells we cant sense. This might explain why they refuse dirty water and carefully move around meadows, eating only the tastiest grasses, experts say.Whale says thanksIn 2020, a whale expert spotted a humpback whale trapped in a fishing net and spent an hour freeing it. Afterward, in an hour-long display of thanks, the whale swam near their boat and leaped into the air about 40 times.Pandas like to be naughtyIs there anything more lovely than a baby panda, except maybe a human baby? In fact, baby pandas sometimes behave like human babies. They sleep in the same positions and value their thumbs. Pandas are shy by nature for its shy behaviors such as covering its face with a paw of ducking its head when confronted by a stranger.A cat honors its ownerPaper towels, and a plastic cup are just a few of the gifts that Toldo, a devoted three-year-old gray-and-white cat, has placed on his former owner Iozzelli Renzos grave every day since the man died in September 2020. Renzo adopted Toldo from a shelter when the cat was three months old, and the two formed an inseparable bond. After Renzo passed away, Toldo followed the coffin to the cemetery, and now “stands guard” at the grave for hours at a time.1. What can horses do to pick the most delicious grasses?A. Feel them.B. Smell them.C. Observe them.D. Taste them.2. Which animal feels shy when facing strangers?A. The whale.B. The horse.C. The panda.D. The cat.3. What do the whale and the cat have in common according to the passage?A. They have a grateful heart.B. They are quite clever.C. They are active and lovely.D. They have a good sense of smell.【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了与人类行为相似的一些动物。【1题详解】细节理解题。由Horses are picky eaters中的“their nervous system allows them to sense smells we cant sense. This might explain why they refuse dirty water and carefully move around meadows, eating only the tastiest grasses”可知，它们的神经系统会让它们感觉到我们人类感觉不到的气味。这或许可以解释为什么它们拒绝饮用脏水，在草地上小心翼翼地走动，只吃最美味的草。所以马是靠嗅觉来挑选最美味的草。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由Pandas like to be naughty中的“Pandas are shy by nature for its shy behaviors such as covering its face with a paw of ducking its head when confronted by a stranger”可知，熊猫天生害羞，它们有害羞的行为，比如在遇到陌生人时，用爪子遮住脸，低着头。所以熊猫遇到陌生人时会害羞。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。由Whale says thanks中的“Afterward, in an hour-long display of thanks, the whale swam near their boat and leaped into the air about 40 times.”A cat honors its owner中的“ a devoted three-year-old gray-and-white cat, has placed on his former owner Iozzelli Renzos grave every day since the man died in September 2020”可知，随后，在长达一个小时的感谢中，这头鲸鱼游到他们的船附近，跃升到空中约40次。一只忠诚的三岁灰白色猫咪，自从2020年9月主人去世后，他每天都把这些礼物放在前主人Iozzelli Renzo的坟墓前。所以通过对两种动物行为的描述可以判断出，鲸鱼和猫的共同特点是他们有一颗感恩的心。故选A项。BHundreds of villagers took matters into their own hands by digging miles of trenches（沟壕）to install their own cables(电缆). The tiny village in Michaelston-y-Fedw, with a population of 300, clubbed together after being unable to download films, stream music or connect to online banking. Farmers, teachers and even the village pub owners put in thousands of hours of volunteering to dig miles of trenches and now have super fast broadband(宽带).The project cost around 250,000 with villagers paying150,000 of their own money to secure their super fast connection speed. They were also able to obtain100,000 from EU funding and the Welsh Government Access Broadband Cymru scheme.The idea was produced in the local pub when villagers were complaining about their Wi-Fi connections. Ben Longman, owner of the Cefn Mably Arms, said, “We were in the pub and we were all complaining about how bad the Wi-Fi was. I had just paid for high speed broadband and realized it would not work.”One of the organizers, Carina Dunk, 61, said it was fantastic what the village had achieved. She said, “It used to take a few days to download a film; now it takes less than a minute. Communities have tended to be more distant and separated but not here anymore. Sometimes we have to take a step back and achieve something.”A year after the project, most of the 300 villagers are now united in a 1,000mps broadband connection.However, Richard Raybould, 59, is still waiting for his house to be connected on the edge of the village and said he cannot wait. He said, “It is amazing what skills people in the community have. There are experts and farmers who dig trenches. I have met at least 30 people who I had never spoken to before.”4. What can we learn about the villagers?A. They had no access to the InternetB. They usually didnt have much free time.C. They didnt know how to use the Internet correctly.D. They considered their Internet connection disappointing.5. To have their own cables, the villagers had to_.A. partly cover the costB. employ workers to dig trenchesC. donate 100,000 to EU fundingD. get the local governments permission6. What does the author intend to do by mentioning Carina Dunks words?A. Explain the cause of the project.B. Explain the process of the project.C. Show the benefits from the project.D. Show the villagers attitudes toward the project.7. What would be the best title for the text?A. Villagers obtain access to the InternetB. Villagers dream of super fast broadbandC. Villagers volunteer to install super fast broadbandD. Villagers are suffering from bad Wi-Fi connections【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了数百名村民自己动手，挖了数英里的沟来安装自己的电缆，现在他们拥有了比以前超快的宽带网络。【4题详解】推理判断题。由第三段“ Ben Longman, owner of the Cefn Mably Arms, said, “We were in the pub and we were all complaining about how bad the Wi-Fi was”可知， Cefn Mably Arms的老板Ben Longma说，我们当时在酒吧，都在抱怨wi-fi有多糟糕。所以通过 Ben Longman的话可以判断出，他们认为他们的网络令人失望。故选D项。【5题详解】细节理解题。由第二段“The project cost around 250,000 with villagers paying150,000 of their own money”可知，该项目耗资约25万英镑，村民们自己支付15万英镑。所以为了拥有自己的电缆，村民们不得不承担部分费用。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。由第四段“She said, “It used to take a few days to download a film; now it takes less than a minute. Communities have tended to be more distant and separated but not here anymore.”可知，以前下载一部电影需要几天，现在不到一分钟。其它社区往往离我们更远，但现在不是了。所以通过Carina Dunks 所说的话的对比可知，村民们从这项工程中受益了。故判断出，作者想通过提到Carina Dunk所说的话来说明这个项目的益处。故选C项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文叙述了数百名村民自己动手，挖了数英里的沟来安装自己的电缆，现在他们拥有了超快的宽带网络。所以短文的最佳标题为“村民们自愿安装超高速宽带”。选C项。【点睛】根据文章中人物所说话的内容是解决推理判断题的重要方法，因为通过所说的内容，我们可以判断出，作者所要想表达的观点是积极的还是消极的，是中立的还是支持或者否定某一方，对事情是关心的还是冷漠的。是在提出建议还是在提出具体的解决措施。由第三段“ Ben Longman, owner of the Cefn Mably Arms, said, “We were in the pub and we were all complaining about how bad the Wi-Fi was”可知， Cefn Mably Arms的老板Ben Longma说，我们当时在酒吧，都在抱怨wi-fi有多糟糕。所以通过 Ben Longman的话可以判断出，他们认为他们的网络令人失望。故小题1选D项。CFor students, college is a series of disconnected experiences: the classroom, the dorm, the athletic field, and the internship（实习岗位）. Yet the employers tell me what gets college students hired is the ability to translate what they learned in one place (the classroom, for example) to another that is far different from where they originally learned a concept (a project on an internship).Educators call this “ transfer learning”the ability to summarize key principles and apply them in many different places, which becomes more important as the skills needed to keep up in any job and occupation continue to change in the future. Our ability to drive almost any car on the market without reading its manual（手册）is an example of knowledge transfer.The concept sounds simple enough. But todays students, faced with the constant pressure to prepare for standardized tests, rarely have the chance to learn through problem-solving or to be involved in projects that improve skills that can be used in various settings.In response to demands from students, parents and employers, colleges and universities are adding hands-on experiences to the undergraduate curriculum.Arizona State University, where I m a professor of practice, is testing a curriculum across a dozen majors in which students learn nearly half of the subject matter through group projects. Engineering students might build a robot and learn the key principles of mechanics and electronics during the project. The hope is that students will be more involved if theories from the classroom are immediately applied in the outside world instead of years after students graduate.Whats the problem with the hands-on learning experiences being added by colleges to the undergraduate curriculum? Theyre often not accompanied by the guidance that students need to help them transfer what they learn. So students become adept skilled in job interviews at describing what they did during a project, but they have difficulty talking about what they learned and how they can apply that to where they want to work.8. Why is the ability to drive mentioned in Paragraph 2?A. To show that everything is changing.B. To prove that driving ability is important.C. To stress the importance of practical skills.D. To explain the meaning of transfer learning.9. What prevents students from getting the ability to transfer knowledge?A. Various school projects.B. Too much stress from tests.C. Their lack of theory knowledge.D. Their unwillingness to solve problems.10. Which may arouse students interest in school learning according to the author?A. Seeing what they have learned is applied.B. Teachers changing the way lectures are given.C. Focusing on the key principles of every subject.D. Teachers explaining theories in an interesting way.11. What does the author think of the hands-on learning experiences in colleges?A. They are effective.B. They are unnecessary.C. They should be improved.D. They cost a lot of time.【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了“转移学习”总结关键原则并将其应用于许多不同领域能力，随着任何工作和职业所需的技能在未来不断变化，这种能力变得更加重要。但是现在的学生，面临着不断的标准化考试的压力，很少有机会通过解决问题来学习，或者参与可以在各种环境中使用的提高技能的项目。为了响应学生、家长和雇主的要求，高校正在本科课程中增加实践经验。【8题详解】推理判断题。由第二段“ Our ability to drive almost any car on the market without reading its manual（手册）is an example of knowledge transfer.”可知，我们几乎可以在市场上驾驶任何一款汽车而不必阅读其操作手册，这就是知识转移的一个例子。例子能更好的说明意义。故判断出，为什么第2段提到驾驶能力是为了解释转移学习的意义。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。由第三段“. But todays students, faced with the constant pressure to prepare for standardized tests, rarely have the chance to learn through problem-solving or to be involved in projects that improve skills that can be used in various settings.”可知，但是现在的学生，面临着来自不断的标准化考试的压力，很少有机会通过解决问题来学习，或者参与可以在各种环境中使用提高技能的项目。所以考试压力太大阻止了学生获得转移知识的能力。故选B项。10题详解】推理判断题。由第五段“The hope is that students will be more involved if theories from the classroom are immediately applied in the outside world”可知，我们希望，如果课堂上的理论能立即应用于外部世界，那么学生们将会更多地参与进来。所以通过关键词“more involved，applied in the outside world”可以判断出，学生看到他们所学到的东西得到了应用能引起学生对学校学习的兴趣。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。由最后段“Theyre often not accompanied by the guidance that students need to help them transfer what they learn. So students become adept skilled in job interviews at describing what they did during a project, but they have difficulty talking about what they learned and how they can apply that to where they want to work.”可知，动手学习的经验往往没有得到指导，学生需要帮助他们转移他们所学的知识。因此，学生们在面试中熟练地描述他们在一个项目中所做的事情，但是他们很难谈论他们学到了什么，以及他们如何将这些应用到他们想要工作的地方。故选C项。【点睛】抓住特定信息进行逆向或者正向推理。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。由第五段“The hope is that students will be more involved if theories from the classroom are immediately applied in the outside world”可知，我们希望，如果课堂上的理论能立即应用于外部世界，那么学生们将会更多地参与进来。所以通过关键词“more involved，applied in the outside world”可以判断出，学生看到他们所学到的东西得到了应用能引起学生对学校学习的兴趣。故小题3选A项。DWhy are photos and videos of cats high-fiving suddenly popping up on social media?Ask Jackson Galaxy, who launched Cat Pawsitive last year, a program that encourages animal shelters to teach cats how to do tricks to make them more attractive for adoption.The idea is simple. A kitty that can sit on command or give a high five shows that it can listen to instructions and connect with others. A high five can make a shy cat open up, Galaxy said.“Big life changes can lead to cats losing their confidence, and we help those cats to feel more confident and to feel safe interacting with new people.” Christie Rogero, program manager for Cat Pawsitive, said.And Stephen Holdeman, training manager at the KC Pet Project, added: “All we need to train a cat to do tricks is the right amount of patience, timing and motivation.” He uses a technique called “operant conditioning (操作性条件反射)”, which associates a cats action with getting a reward such as a favorite food or treat.He also uses a clickera training device that makes a clicking noise. “In the initial stage, we get the cat used to the idea that when it hears the sound of the clicker, one of its favorite treats appears. After we have bridged these two ideas together we can use the clicker to reinforce different actions the cat does to let it know that if it repeats the action, it will get a treat.”After several repetitions, the cat starts to link everything together. Now all you need to do is let your extended hand be the target, and weve got a high five.12. According to the text, how can learning tricks benefit cats at animal shelters?A. It is a good way for shelters to raise money.B. It allows them to pick up skills to stay safe.C. It helps them interact more with each other.D. It helps them build confidence and get adopted.13. According to the text, what should be done from the start to train cats to learn tricks?A. Teaching them different actions.B. Teaching them how to use a clicker.C. Making them patient enough to repeat actions.D. Helping them connect the sound of a clicker with treats.14. What does the underlined word “reinforce” in paragraph 6 probably mean?A. recordB. strengthenC. ignoreD. reward15. What is the main purpose of the article?A. To explain how to train cats to perform tricks.B. To show how cats are treated at animal shelters.C. To describe the popularity of cats on social media.D. To inform us of a program that trains cats to do tricks.【答案】12. D 13. D 14. B 15. D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了美国发起“猫咪击掌”的爱心慈善活动的相关内容， 包括它所产生的意义以及训练猫咪的技巧。【12题详解】细节理解题。由第二段和第四段“a program that encourages animal shelters to teach cats how to do tricks to make them more attractive for adoption. we help those cats to feel more confident and to feel safe interacting with new people.”可知，“猫咪击掌”鼓励动物收容所教授猫如何做一些技巧，这让猫咪更容易被领养。帮助这些猫在与陌生人交往时感到更自信、更安全。所以根据短文内容，在动物收容所让猫学习技巧能帮助猫建立信心，并被收养。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。由第六段“ “In the initial stage, we get the cat used to the idea that when it hears the sound of the clicker, one of its favorite treats appears.可知，在最初的阶段，我们让猫习惯了这样的做法：当它听到点击器的声音时，它最喜欢的一种食物就会出现。所以根据短文，从一开始应该把点击器的声音和食物联系起来帮助训练猫学习技巧。故选D项。【14题详解】词义猜测题。由第六段“After we have bridged these two ideas together we can use the clicker to reinforce different actions the cat does to let it know that if it repeats the action, it will get a treat”可知，在我们把这两个想法结合起来之后，我们可以使用点击器来强化猫所做的不同动作，让它知道如果它重复这个动作，它会得到一个奖励。所以通过上下文语境可以判断出，第6段下划线的reinforce一词的意思是使稳固。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第二段“ a program that encourages animal shelters to teach cats how to do tricks to make them more attractive for adoption.”和第三段“He uses a technique called “operant conditioning (操作性条件反射)”, which associates a cats action with getting a reward such as a favorite food or treat.”可知，报道了美国发起“猫咪击掌”的爱心慈善活动的相关内容， 包括它所产生的意义以及训练猫咪击掌的技巧。所以短文的目的是告诉我们一个训练猫掌握一些技巧的活动。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。To help you understand what 5G is, and what it means to you, weve put together a handy guide here.What is 5G?_16_At its most basic level, 5G will be used to make calls, send texts, and to simply get online. But its going to be significantly faster than previous generations, and could open the door up to a range of exciting new uses._17_5G will use new higher radio frequencies to send out data, which are less cluttered(挤了)and carry information much faster. While these higher bands are faster, they dont carry information as far. Thats to say, smaller multiple input and output antennas (天线)will be usedpromoting both signals and capacity（容量）._18_Why is it better than 4G?5G is expected to be faster than 4G, with some firms claiming it could be as much as 100 times quicker. The fastest 4G networks can deliver peak download speeds of around 300 Mbit/s._19_In real life, this could allow you to download a full HD film in less than 10 seconds!_20_It means there will be very littleif anydelay when you carry out tasks on a device. While this will help improve things like gaming experiences, it could also pave the way for safer self-driving carsin which even a short delay could be life-saving.Finally, 5G will have a larger capacity, meaning networks will be able to deal with several apps at once. Generally, this should mean that devices have a faster, more stable connection.A. How does 5G work?B. How will 5G affect you?C. 5G is also expected to have a lower latency.D. 5G is short for “5th generation mobile network.”E. In comparison, 5G could offer download speeds of over 1 Gb/s.F. Therefore, the similarity between 5G and 4G technology is huge.G. This means 5G will support up to 1,000 more devices per meter than 4G.【答案】16. D 17. A18. G 19. E20. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了关于5G的相关信息。【16题详解】由“What is 5G?”可知，5G是什么。所以小题1要说明5G的概念。故D选项5G是“第五代移动网络”的缩写”切题。故选D项。【17题详解】由“5G will use new higher radio frequencies to send out data, which are less cluttered(挤了)and carry information much faster”可知，5G将使用新的更高的无线电频率来发送数据，这些数据传送的更顺畅，传输的速度更快。所以本段主要在说明5G的工作原理也就是小题2本段的标题所要说明的内容。故A选项“5G是如何工作的？”切题。故选A项。18题详解】由“Thats to say, smaller multiple input and output antennas (天线)will be usedpromoting both signals and capacity（容量）”可知，也就是说，更小的多输入和输出天线来将被应用-提升信号质量和容量。所以小题3要承接上文具体说明这种天线所带来的优势。故G选项“这意味着5G每米将比4G多支持1000个设备”切题。故选G项。【19题详解】由“the fastest 4G networks can deliver peak download speeds of around 300 Mbit/s”可知，最快的4G网络可以提供大约300Mbit/s的峰值下载速度。所以小4要与的4G网络速度对比来说明5G网络的速度。故E选项“相比之下，5G可以提供超过1GB/s的下载速度”切题。故选E项。【20题详解】由“It means there will be very littleif anydelay when you carry out tasks on a device”可知，这意味着当你在设备上执行任务时，即使有延迟，也会非常少。所以小题5与后一句为解释说明关系来说明5G有较低的延迟性也是本段的小标题。故C选项“5G预计也会有较低的延迟性”切题。故选C项。第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A,B,C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Geoff Hoffman, discovered that his dog, Bridget, was missing after his home was broken into on Dec 20th. That night, Hoffman penned an enthusiastic_21_to his Facebook followers to help him find the dog. “She is my source of_22_and she is my whole life.”The next day, Hoffman, who served in Afghanistan for eight years went into_23_mode(模式). “Sergeant（中士）Hoffman was back,” he says. “I was on_24_and told myself I would_25_searching for Bridget under two conditions: She returned home or I knew with certainty that she was_26_.”During the four days Bridget went_27_, Hoffman reached out to his local police and fire departments, along with City Hall, asking officials to_28_his story with the public. He printed more than 100 cards featuring Bridgets_29_and advertising a “large reward”_30_ her return and registered with missing dog websites. Hoffman also created a Facebook group with hundreds of followers, called Bring Bridget Back, in the hopes of _31_awareness for his search.On the morning of Christmas Eve, his efforts _32_. “My girlfriend was driving down a rural road, a few mil