2022年考博英语-厦门大学考前模拟强化练习题78（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-厦门大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Happiness used to have a much broader meaningtied to the idea of a_and meaningful life一 but now its almost indistinguishable from pleasure.问题1选项A.virtuousB.depravedC.viciousD.malicious【答案】A【解析】virtuous善良的， 有道德的；depraved堕落的，卑鄙的；vicious恶意的， 刻毒的； malicious蓄意的，恶毒的。句意：在过去, 幸福有一个更广泛的含义与道德高尚和有意义的生活观念紧密联系在一起但现在几乎和快乐无法区分。选项A符合句意。2. 翻译题Despite the web,we watch more television than ever.In the chaos of todays media and technology brawliPod vs. Zune, Google vs. Yahoo, windows vs. Linux, Intel vs. AMDwe can declare one unlikely winner. Standing tall in a field of new tech wonders, its a geezer technology that are invented in the 1920s and commercialized in the 1940s, and its still more powerful than any thing created since.(1) As you try to figure out where consumer infotech is going, and what it means for society, remember this big, central reality: People just want more television.If you doubt it, look at todays biggest news in tech. It continually centers on new ways to bring consumers the thing they crave above all else. (2) Sony flooded the recent Consumer Electronics Show with products that put internet video on your TV set, as did almost every other consumer electronics company. At the simultaneous Macworld Expo, Apple chief Steve Jobs introduced Apple TV, which does the same thing. Verizon said it will soon offer live TV on cellphone screens. It will also sell full -length programs for viewing whenever you want. Put it all together,and we have achieved a nirvana that didnt exist even a year ago:unlimited television available 24/7 on every screen you own.Its no surprise,of course. (3) Ever since the basic facts of steadily multiplying processor power and bandwidth became apparent, seers have confidently predicted this day. They just as confidently predicted what it would mean: traditional televisions demise. Once the World Wide Web appeared in the mid- 1990s, the future looked very clear. Boring old TV, the scheduled programs that come to you through a coaxial cable or satellite dish or antenna,would fade away.(4)Which is exactly the opposite of what has happened. Despite many Net Age alternatives,we Americans today watch more boring old TV than ever, which is saying something. How can that be? My theory is the Two-Liter Coke Principle. The Coca-Cola company discovered long ago that if it could get people to bring home bigger bottles of Coke,those people would drink more than they used to. Just getting more Coke in front of them increased their consumption. It seems to be the same with TV. Put more of it in front of peopleover 100 channels in many homesand people will watch more.Seen from this perspective, the latest announcements of new TV-related technology look simply like additional ways to put more TV in front of American consumers. The supposed threat from the Internet was that wed cut back on TV as we spent more time on MySpace or in Second Life. We may well spend more time on such new Net attractions,but were unlikely to take that time away from video viewing. Were more likely to cut back on things we consider less important, like sleep.(5)No one has evaluated TV better than the great New Yorker essayist E. B. White, who in 1938 wrote, We shall stand or fall by television, of that I am sure. We still dont know which it will be, but his assessment looks truer than ever. Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese【答案】（1）当你设法弄清消费信息技术将向何处发展以及这对社会意味着什么时，要记住这个重要的核心事实：人们只是想看更多的电视节目。（2）就像其他每个消费电子产品公司做的那样，索尼公司在最近的消费类电子产品展会上推出大量产品，这些产品是用来把网络视频放到电视上。在同时举行的麦客世界展会上，苹果公司总栽史蒂夫乔布斯推出具有同样功能的苹果电视。（3）从那时到现在，基本而明显的事实是处理器的功能不断提高和带宽的不断增大，而预言家们已经自信地预测了这一天。正如他们自信地预言它的含义：传统的电视节目会被替代。（4）实际情况却正好相反。尽管网络时代有其他多种选择，我们美国人如今看的无聊电视却比以往任何时候都多，这就说明了问题。（5）关于电视，没有人比著名的纽约人杂志评论家E. B.怀特的评价更恰当。他在1938年写道：“我们的好坏将取决于电视, 这一点我敢肯定。”3. 单选题Now they think that their views about the president and his policies on Iraq, global warming or unilateralism have all been_, so why keep ranting?问题1选项A.treacherousB.fraudulentC.avengedD.vindicated【答案】D【解析】treacherous背叛的，奸诈的；fraudulent欺骗性的； avenged报复， 报仇；vindicate证明.正确，维护。句意：现在他们认为， 他们对总统及其在伊拉克，全球变暖或单边主义政策的问题上的看法，都被证明是正确的， 那他们为什么还这么义愤填膺呢？选项D符合句意。4. 单选题She refused to disclose what had been told her, on the_that it would be a breach of faith.问题1选项A.reasonB.accountsC.termsD.grounds【答案】C【解析】on the terms that为固定搭配, 是关于, 因为的意思。句意：她拒绝透露别人告诉她的情况, 因为这将违背誓言。所以本题选C。5. 单选题For the longest time, I couldnt get worked up about privacy: my right to it; how its dying; how were headed for an even more wired, underregulated, overintrusive, privacy-deprived planet.I should also point out that as news director for Pathfinder, Time Inc.s mega info mall, and a guy who on the Web, I know better than most people that were hurtling toward an even more intrusive world. Were all being watched by computers whenever we visit Websites; by the mere act of browsing(it sounds so passive! ) were going public in a way that was unimaginable a decade ago. I know this because Im a watcher too. When people come to my Website,without ever knowing their names, I can peer over their shoulders,recording what they look at,timing how long they stay on a particular page,following them around Pathfinders sprawling offerings.None of this would bother me in the least, I suspect, if a few years ago, my phone, like Marleys ghost, hadnt given me a glimpse of the nightmares to come. On Thanksgiving weekend in 1995, someone (presumably a critic of a book my wife and I had just written about computer hackers) forwarded my home telephone number to an out-of-state answering machine,where unsuspecting callers trying to reach me heard a male voice identify himself as me and say some extremely rude things. Then,with typical hacker aplomb,the prankster asked people to leave their messages (which to my surprise many callers,including my mother,did). This went on for several days until my wife and I figured out that something was wrong (Hey.why hasnt the phone rung since Wednesday? ) and got our phone service restored.It seemed funny at first,and it gave us a swell story to tell on our book tour. But the interloper who seized our telephone line continued to hit us even after the tour ended. And hit us again and again for the next six months. The phone company seemed powerless. Its security folks moved us to one unlisted number after another,half a dozen times. They put special pin codes in place. They put traces on the line. But the troublemaker kept breaking through.If our hacker had been truly evil and omnipotent as only fictional movie hackers are, there would probably have been even worse ways he could have threatened my privacy. He could have sabotaged my credit rating. He could have eavesdropped on my telephone conversations or siphoned off my E-mail. He could have called in my mortgage, discontinued my health insurance or obliterated my Social Security number. Like Sandra Bullock in The Net J could have been a digital untouchable, wandering the planet without a connection to the rest of humanity. (Although if I didnt have to pay back school loans,it might be worth it. Just a thought.)Still,I remember feeling violated at the time and as powerless as a minnow in a flash flood. Someone was invading my private spacemy familys private spaceand there was nothing I or the authorities could do. It was as close to a technological epiphany as I have ever been. And as I watched my personal digital hell unfold, it struck me that our privacymine and yourshas already disappeared, not in one Big Brotherly blitzkrieg but in Little Brotherly moments, bit by bit.Losing control of your telephone, of course, is the least of it. After all, most of us voluntarily give out our phone number and address when we allow ourselves to be listed in the White Pages. Most of us go a lot further than that. We register our whereabouts whenever we put a bank card in an ATM machine or drive through an E-Z Pass lane on the highway. We submit to being photographed every day20 times a day on average if you live or work in New York City一by surveillance cameras. We make public our interests and our purchasing habits every time we shop by mail order or visit a commercial Website. 1.What information do you learn about the author that establishes him as an authority on this topic?2.Which of the following problems has the author experienced?3.According to the passage,the hackers in the movie would conduct following thing EXCEPT（） .4.The writer cited his experience to show that（） .5.Because of advances in todays technology,the right to privacy could be compromised in the following areas EXCEPT（） .问题1选项A.He has suffered a lot in losing his privacy.B.He makes his living off of the Web.C.He knows how to monitor his account.D.He and his wife published a book concerning computer hackers.问题2选项A.Someone got information from his medical files and sent him brochures on health products he may want to buy.B.Someone used the motor-vehicle registration records on his car to find his home address.C.Someone rerouted his telephone calls to another number without his knowledge.D.Someone sent an e-mail message that destroyed the files on his computer.问题3选项A.eavesdroppingB.damaging a Social Security numberC.threatening in a flash floodD.making a person information disappear in the date base问题4选项A.the authorized organization could solve the problem by offering timely helpB.the interloper would be kept back sooner or laterC.the government took personal privacy bit by bitD.he would lose his privacy gradually问题5选项A.purchasingB.bankingC.telephone useD.recruitment【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.根据第二段的第一句“I should also point out that as news director for Pathfinder,Time Inc.s mega info mall, and a guy who on the Web,.”作为时代公司旗下大型信息商城开创者的新闻总监和一个在网上谋生的人, 我应该指出.所以选项B正确。2.根据第三段的第二句“someone forwarded my home telephone number to an out-of-state answering machine,.”可知, 有人将作者的住宅电话号码转到了州外的答录机上, 选项C符合原文。3.根据第五段的内容可知, 科幻电影中的黑客会破坏被害人的信誉评价, 窃听电话, 截取邮件, 收回抵押, 停止健康保险或者删除社会保险号, 甚至断绝被害人与其他人的联系, 使其信息消失在数据库中。所以选项A, B, D均有提及, 只有选项C是作者打的一个比喻, 形容被侵犯的感觉, 所以本题选C。4.根据倒数第二段的最后一句“And as I watched my personal digital hell unfold, it struck me that our privacymine and yourshas already disappeared,not in one Big Brotherly blitzkrieg but in Little Brotherly moments,bit by bit.”作者引用自己的经历意在说明他的隐私, 包括大家的隐私, 都在逐渐消失, 选项D符合原文。5.根据最后一段的内容可知, 我们在购物、取款和使用电话时隐私权都会受到侵犯, 只有选项D在文中没有提及, 所以本题选D。6. 单选题Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals seem to be_, and therefore_external factors such as climate changes, food supply, or the presence of other animals of the same species.问题1选项A.learned.immune toB.innate.unaffected byC.intricate.belong toD.specific.confused with【答案】B【解析】learned.immune to学到的 不受感染; innate.unaffected by先天的 不受影响; intricate.belong to复杂的 属于; specific.confused with特定的 混淆。句意：某些动物的行为, 如交配仪式, 似乎是与生俱来的, 因此不受外部因素的影响, 如气候变化, 食物供应, 或其他动物相同物种的存在。选项B符合句意。7. 单选题Women once demanded men with_social skills, but theyre now focusing on his values, if hes interested in family.问题1选项A.impeditiveB.colossalC.blemishD.impeccable【答案】D【解析】impeditive阻碍的, 妨碍的; colossal巨大的, 庞大的; blemish污点, 缺点, 瑕疵；impeccable没有缺点的，无瑕疵的。句意：女性曾经要求男性具备无可挑剔的社交能力，但现在她们关注的是“他的价值观，他是否热爱家庭”。选项D符合句意。8. 单选题I personally am offended by what they have tried to do in a very misleading way with,what Ive said about two of my personal_, President Kennedy and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.问题1选项A.resemblanceB.statuesC.iconsD.parable【答案】C【解析】resemblance相似之处; statue雕像; icon偶像, 崇拜对象; parable寓意,比喻。句意：就我个人而言, 我对他们试图以一种非常具有误导性的方式对待肯尼迪总统和马丁路德金博士的事感到很愤怒, 而我讲过这两个人是我的偶像。选项C符合句意。9. 单选题If it is true that morality cannot exist without religion, then does not the erosion of religion herald the_of morality?问题1选项A.regulationB.basisC.beliefD.collapse【答案】D【解析】regulation管理, 规则; basis基础, 底部; belief信仰, 教义; collapse失败, 衰竭。句意：如果没有宗教, 道德就不可能存在, 那么宗教的侵蚀不就预示着道德的崩溃吗?选项D符合句意。10. 单选题Identity theft can range for the simple theft of a credit card,or it can go into more complex schemes where the thieves can_hundreds of people at a time.问题1选项A.embodyB.impersonateC.personifyD.assume【答案】B【解析】embody使具体化; impersonate模仿, 扮演; personify赋予.以人性, 使人格化; assume假定, 设想。句意：身份盗窃可以简単地归类于信用卡盗窃，也可以是更复杂的方案，比如窃贼可以一次冒充数百人。选项B符合句意。11. 单选题The bureau develops and implements US foreign economic policy and tries to_Americas economic interests with its foreign policy.问题1选项A.undertakeB.resolveC.obeyD.reconcile【答案】D【解析】undertake承担,保证; resolve决心; obey服从; reconcile使和解, 使一致。句意：该局制定和实施美国的对外经济政策, 并努力使美国的经济利益与其外交政策相协调。选项D符合句意。12. 单选题It is sometimes claimed that America is a_pot of different races.问题1选项A.burningB.burntC.meltingD.melted【答案】C【解析】句意：有人说美国是不同种族的大熔炉。melting pot为常用搭配, 所以选项C正确。13. 单选题Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must now_much of their food.问题1选项A.deliverB.importC.produceD.develop【答案】B【解析】deliver投递, 发表; import进口, 输入; produce生产, 创作; develop发展, 开发。句意：由于岛上的土壤多年来一直贫瘠, 当地人现在必须进口大量食物。选项B符合句意。14. 单选题He fears this months increased violence may harm Kenyas vital tourist industry,much of which centers on _to see its exotic animals.问题1选项A.sahibB.shambleC.severityD.safaris【答案】D【解析】sahib先生, 阁下, 大人; shamble蹒跚, 摇晃的脚步; severity严肃,严重; safari旅行, 狩猎远征, 旅行队。句意：他担心这个月暴力事件的增加可能会损害肯尼亚至关重要的旅游业, 肯尼亚的旅游业主要是以在旅行中观赏野生动物为主。选项D符合句意。15. 单选题In most peoples mind, growth is associated with prosperity. We judge how well the economy is doing by the size of the Gross National Product (GNP), a measure, supposedly, of growth. Equally axiomatic, however, is the notion that increased pressure on dwindling natural resources must inevitably lead to a decline in prosperity, especially when accompanied by a growth in population. So, which is correct: growth means prosperity and no growth means adversity, or growth means adversity and no growth meanswhat?What growth advocates mean, primarily, when they say growth is necessary for prosperity is that growth is necessary for the smooth functioning of the economic system. In one arena the argument in favor of growth is particularly compelling and that is with regard to the Third World. To argue against growth, other than population growth, in light of Third World poverty and degradation seems callous, if not cruel, the pompous postulating of the comfortable and the secure. But is it? Could it be that growth, especially the growth of the wealthier countries, has contributed to the impoverishment, not the advancements of Third World countries? If not, how do we account tor the desperate straits these countries find themselves in today after a century of dedication to growth?To see how this might be the case we must look at the impact of growth on Third World countries - the reality, not the abstract stages-of-economic-growth nostrum propounded through rose-colored glasses by academicians of the developed world. What good is growth to the people of the Third World if it means the conversion of peasant farms into mechanized agri-businesses producing commodities not for local consumption but for export, if it means the stripping of their land of its mineral and arboreal treasures to the benefit of foreign investors and a handful of their local collaborators, if it means the assumption of a crushing foreign indebtedness, the proceeds of which goes not into the development of the country but into the purchase of luxury cars, the padding of Swiss bank accounts, and the buying of condominiums in Miami?Admittedly, this is an oversimplification, which applies to no country in its entirety and to some countries not at all. But the point, I believe, remains valid: that growth in underdeveloped countries cannot simply be judged in the abstract; it must be judged based on the true nature of growth in these societies, on who benefits and who is harmed on where growth is leading these people and where it has left them. When considered in this way, it just might be that in the present context growth is more detrimental to the well-being of the wretched of the earth than beneficial.So, do we need growth for prosperity? Only the adoption of zero growth can provide the answer. But that is a test not easily undertaken. Modern economies are incredibly complex phenomena, a tribute to mans ability to organize and a challenge to his ability to understanding. Anything that affects their functioning, such as a policy of zero growth, should not be proposed without a wary prudence and a self-doubting humility. But if the prospect of leaping into the economic unknown is fear-inspiring, equally so is the prospect of letting that fear prevent us from acting when the failure to act could mean untold misery for future generations and perhaps environmental catastrophes which threaten our very existence. 1.Which of the following statements does the author support?2.It is implied in Paragraphs 2 and 3 that（ ）.3.With regard to the economic development in Third World countries the author is actually saying that（ ） .4.The author seems to believe that prosperity（ ）.5.The answer of the author to the question Do we need growth for prosperity is （ ）.问题1选项A.Gross National Product is a safe measure for economic growth.B.Diminishing natural resources will prove harmful to the well-being of humanity.C.A decline in prosperity will inevitably lead to a growth in population.D.Growth in population will be a chief threat to economic prosperity.问题2选项A.the smooth functioning of the economic system is dependent on sustained prosperityB.economic growth has not contributed to the poverty of the Third World countriesC.growth in richer countries is achieved at the expense of the Third World countriesD.the stages of economic growth cannot be superseded or modified by social mechanisms问题3选项A.the people in these countries have not actually benefited from itB.inadequate investment has seriously affected the developmentC.deep debt virtually makes further growth in these countries impossibleD.agriculture in these countries should have been left intact问题4选项A.can be achieved without economic growthB.can only be achieved with economic growthC.is a tribute to mans ability and creativityD.is fragile in face of environmental catastrophes问题5选项A.negativeB.positiveC.vagueD.inconclusive【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:1.根据文章第一段第三句Equally axiomatic, ., especially when accompanied by a growth in population.同样不言自明的是, 对日益减少的自然资源施加越来越大的压力必然导致繁荣的衰落, 特别是在伴随人口增长的情况下。选项B符合原文。2.根据原文二三段的内容可知, 作者在第二段提出问题：富裕国家的增长是否导致了第三世界国家的贫困, 而不是进步？如果不是这样的话, 那么又怎么解释这些国家为什么在致力于增长的一个世纪之后, 今天仍处于绝望而不可自拔的境地呢？作者在第三段给出了答案, 这种增长并没有给这些国家的人们带来好处, 而是让外国投资者及少数本地合作者获益。 选项C符合原文。3.根据第三段的内容可知：经济增长对第三世界国家的人们并无好处, 因为他们的农产品是为了出口, 矿产和其他资源被剥夺, 而他们却要背负沉重的外债, 这只会让国外投资者和少数本地人获益。所以选项A符合原文。4.根据第五段的一二句So, do we need growth for prosperity? Only the adoption of zero growth can provide the answer.我们需要增长来实现繁荣吗?采用零增长也可以保持社会经济的繁荣。选项A符合原文。5.结合文章内容可知, 作者对增长持否定的态度, 因为增长给第三世界国家以及环境带来了种种危害, 所以本题选A。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:16. 单选题College Board Pres