2022年高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars（含解析）新人教版必修3

2022年高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars（含解析）新人教版必修3一、阅读理解。The Internet plays a big part in human life. We use it for work and entertainment. We can find new recipes on the Internet or advice on staying healthy. We can even use it to learn a new language. We use the Internet to connect with family and friends and stay in touch with issues we care about. The list goes on and on. As far as the Internet being a part of our liveswell, that train has left the station. That expression means there is no going back. If you prefer boating, you can say that ship has sailed. So, there may be no going back to an Internet-free life. But can using the Internet too much be bad for our health? It might be, say researchers. Study results show that teens who spend at least 14 hours a week online were more likely to have high blood pressure. High blood pressure makes your heart and blood vessels work too hard. Over time, this extra strain increases your risk of a heart attack or stroke. High blood pressure can also cause heart and kidney disease. It is also closely linked to some forms of dementia, a brain disease. Dementia is marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and a reduced ability to reason. Lets introduce something about the study of it. The Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan did the study. It involved 335 young people, from 14 to 17 years old. One hundred thirty-four of the teens were described as “heavy Internet users”. Researchers found that out of these 134 teens, 26 had high blood pressure. The researchers say the study is the first to connect heavy web use and high blood pressure. Other research has connected that heavy Internet use with health problems including anxiety, depression and obesity. The lead researcher of the study is Andrea Cassidy-Bushrow. In a statement she said, “Using the Internet is part of our daily life but it shouldnt consume us. ”For the purpose of the study, she explains, teens considered heavy Internet users were online on “average 25 hours a week. ”Ms Cassidy-Bushrow adds that it is important for teens to take “regular breaks from their puters or smartphones” and to do some “kind of physical activity. ”She also suggests that parents limit their childrens use of the Internet to two hours a day, five days a week. 【文章大意】互联网如此有用并且融入我们的生活, 但过度使用它, 会导致多种健康问题。1. The first two paragraphs mean that _. A. the list of the function of the Internet is too long to be endlessB. the Internet has too many uses to countC. the number of the people in the world using the Internet is too many to countD. the list of the uses of the Internet is being lengthened day by day【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第一句“The Internet plays a big part in human life. ”和第二段“The list goes on and on. ”可知, B项符合题意。2. The reason of increasing peoples risk of a heart attack or stroke is that _. A. they use the Internet too muchB. they pay little attention to their healthC. high blood pressure makes their heart and blood vessels work too hardD. using the Internet too much makes their heart and blood vessels work too hard【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第七段“High blood pressure makes your heart and blood vessels work too hard. Over time, this extra strain increases your risk of a heart attack or stroke. ”高血压使得人们的心脏和血管超负荷运行。长此以往, 这种超负荷运行会增加心脏病和中风发生的风险。” 可知C项正确。 3. Which of the following may using the Internet too much contribute to besides teenagers high blood pressure? A. Anxiety, depression and obesity. B. Memory disorders, and personality changes. C. Dementia, a brain disease. D. A heart attack or stroke. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第十一段内容可知: 科研人员说研究结果表明过度使用互联网首先导致高血压。其他研究结果表明还可导致其他健康问题, 如: 忧虑、情绪低落和肥胖。故A项正确。4. Ms Cassidy-Bushrow suggests that the proper time children spend using the Internet should be _. A. 25 hours a weekB. 10 hours a weekC. 5 hours a day D. 14 hours a week【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段: “她还建议家长应该把孩子使用互联网的时间限制在每天两小时, 每周五天。” 故B项正确。二、单句语法填空1(2017北京高考)Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.答案：whoeverwhoever “无论谁”，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于anyone who。2My relationship with the actors is fundamental _my work as a director.答案：tobe fundamental to . “是的基础”。3I can say that it is the _(violence) film that I have ever seen.答案：most violent由“that I have ever seen”可知，此处应用形容词最高级。4His last paintings are perhaps the most _(puzzle), which even the artists cant make sense of.答案：puzzling此处形容词puzzling “令人困惑的”作表语，描述主语paintings的本质特征。5_exists a good way to solve the problem in geography.答案：ThereThere exists . “存在；有”。6As secondhand smoking is _(harm) and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking in public.答案：harmful此处形容词harmful “有害的”作表语。7She bought a heavy curtain _(block) out the light.答案：to block此处动词不定式短语to block out作目的状语。8Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer _ , hoping to make his parents less worried.答案：upcheer up “(使)感到高兴，(使)振作起来”。9Measures have been taken to prevent the river from _(pollute)答案：being pollutedprevent sb./sth. from doing sth. “阻止某人/某物做某事”，且本句中pollute和river存在逻辑上的被动关系，故填动名词的被动结构。10_(like) what you supposed, only a few people attended the party, which was disappointing.答案：Unlike根据语意可知，“并不像”你所猜测的那样，故填Unlike，引导名词性从句。三、完形填空。In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of rubbish because people are 2 more rubbish than ever before.How did we 3 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 4 an object than to spendtime and money to repair it. 5 modern manufacturing(制造业)and technology, panies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 6 .Another cause is our 7 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 8 people, we are alwayslooking for 9 to save time and make our lives easier. panies 10 thousands of different kinds ofdisposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.Our appetite for new products also 11 to the problem. We are 12 buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that 13 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 14 useful possessions to make room for new ones.All around the world, we can see the 15 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 16 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 17 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 18 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 20 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.语篇解读：文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社会的发展，人们倾向于扔掉用旧了的东西，以新物品取而代之。 而且，包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时，也给环境带来很大的压力。1. A. key B. belief C. project D. problem【答案】D【解析】A.答案，关键；B.看法，信念；C.项目；D.问题。根据上下文可知：东西用坏了就把它扔了，再买新的。这就出现了垃圾堆积如山的问题，故选 D。2. A. picking out B. throwing out C. running out of D. cutting out【答案】B【解析】throw out rubbish 扔掉的垃圾。“挑选，选择，辨认出”、“用完，耗尽”与“剪裁；剪下”不符文意。故选 B。垃圾堆积如山的问题是因为人们扔掉的垃圾比以往任何时候都多造成的。3. A. face B. bee C. observe D. change【答案】B【解析】第二、三、四自然段讲 a throwaway society 形成的 cause。因此此处问了一个问题：“我们是怎样变成了一个爱浪费的社会的呢？”。而不是怎样去 face(面临)、observe(观察)或 change(改变)的。4. A. consume B. control C. replace D. withdraw【答案】C【解析】后半句说我们不是花时间与金钱去修理坏了的东西，说明我们是用另外的东西来“代替”它们，因此用“replace”，故选 C。consume 消耗，耗费，消费；control 控制；withdraw 收回。5. A. Thanks to B. In particular C. Except for D. Regardless of【答案】A【解析】A.多亏；B.尤其，特别；C.除了；D.不管。依据逻辑关系，公司能够快速而廉价地生产产品出来是“因为”现代的制造业和技术，故选 A。6. A. safe B. legal C. cheap D. powerful【答案】C【解析】与 inexpensively 相对应，产品就“便宜”。其他选项与文章无关。故选 C。7. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division【答案】A【解析】A.爱，喜欢；B.缺少；C.阻止；D.划分。依据 Another cause 知道产生更多垃圾的原因是我们“喜欢”使用一次性产品。与后文中的 appetite(嗜好)相照应。故选 A。8. A. sensitive B. kind C. greedy D. busy【答案】D【解析】 依据后文 to save time and make our lives easier 可知是“繁忙”的人们， 而不是 sensitive (敏感的) 、kind(善良的) 、或 greedy (贪婪的)。故选 D。9. A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends【答案】A【解析】A.方法；B.地方；C.工作；D.朋友。为了省时和生活更加舒适，人们就使用一次性产品，公司也就“生产”大量的一次性产品。使用一次性产品是一种 save time and make our lives easier 的“方式”。故选 A。10. A. conserve B. receive C. produce D. preserve【答案】C【解析】A.保护；B.收到；C.生产；D.保存。句意：企业生产大量的一次性产品，故选 C。11. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes【答案】D【解析】adapt to 适应；return to 返回，归还；respond to 反应；contribute to 为做贡献，促成，有助于。从“also”一词可看出此处又是讲我们对新产品的 appetite(嗜好)也“导致，促成”了上述问题，故选 D。12. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for【答案】B【解析】依据前文的 appetite(嗜好)，我们不会“厌倦”“担心”和“羞于”购买新产品，而是对此“上瘾” ，因此选 B。13. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger【答案】A【解析】A.更新的；B.更强壮的；C.更高的；D.更大的。前文 new things 提示。后文 new ones 与之照应。句意：广告使人们相信新的更好，故选 A。14. A. pick up B. pay for C. let off D. throw away【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语。A.捡起，学会，用车接；B.支付；C 排放；D.扔掉。我们不断购买新东西，于是就“扔掉”了还有用的东西，故选。15. A. advantages B. purposes C. conflicts D. consequences【答案】D【解析】垃圾成山是 throw away lifestyle(爱浪费的生活方式)的“后果”，不是“优点”、“目的”、和“冲突，矛盾”，因此选 D. consequence 结果。16. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure【答案】C【解析】A.显示，展示；B.记录；C.减少；D.测量。并列的两个不定式表目的，后文说政府要求回收物品循环使用，因此是“减少”垃圾，故选。17. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands【答案】B【解析】A.技术；B.环境；C.消费者；D.品牌。全文都是谈的与环境相关的话题，因此是保护“环境”。故选 B。18. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile【答案】A【解析】 A.然而； B.要不然； C.因此； D.同时。 依据上文可知回收是一种解决问题的方法， 后文中 not enough与之相对，因此此处有转折意味，故选。句意：然而，只是要求人们循环利用是远远不够的，故选 A。19. A. by B. in favor of C. after D. instead of【答案】D【解析】 A.通过； B.支持； C.在之后； D.代替， 而不是。 本段讲除了上文中提到的回收外的 another way就是 repair our possessions(修理东西)，自然“代替”了扔掉，故选 D。20. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising【答案】C【解析】A.花费，度过；B.收集；C.修理；D.宣传。句意：我们也需要重新考虑对修理的态度，根据下句“repairing.”可知答案，故选 C。四、单句改错1Mary arrived just on time for her flight to London._答案：oninin time for . “及时赶上了”。2It was hot in the room, because the airconditioning system broke out._答案：outdownbreak down “出故障”。3She married at 27 and gave birth of her first child shortly._答案：oftogive birth to “分娩；产生”。4Watch out sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly._答案：out后加forwatch out for sth. “当心/密切注意某物”。5The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as bigger as the present one._答案：biggerbig在比较等级的表达方式中“as . as”中，应用形容词或副词的原级。