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专题5非谓语动词考纲展示命题探究基础点1不定式作状语不定式常可用作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语,相当于一个状语从句。(1)作目的状语不定式作目的状语,可用so as to/in order to替换,但so as to一般不可置于句首,意为“为了;想要”。So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to_cheer_her_up. 福建高考因此,我们走到卖花者面前,问她我们能不能买一枝花给那位女士以让她高兴起来。In_order_to_answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area.安徽高考为了回答这个问题,我们必须首先检查人们是否真地想保护一个地区的历史遗迹。(2)作结果状语不定式用于so.as to.(如此以至于),such.as to.(如此以至于),enough to do.(足够做),too.to do.(太而不能),only to do(表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果)等结构中常用来表结果。Eventually Mildred felt comfortable enough_to_jump_up on Toms leg and stay long enough for me to get a picture of the two of them together.四川高考最终,米尔德里德感到足够的舒适,可以跳到汤姆的腿上呆足够长的时间,而我可以为他们两个一起拍照。How often do you have something you want to achieveonly_to_end_up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?全国卷你多久会遇到一次这样的情况:你想得到一些东西,结果却被摆在你面前的选择所困惑,停滞不前?I rushed to the station, only_to_find the train had already gone.我匆忙赶到火车站,却发现火车已经开走了。特别提醒不定式作结果状语时,常用于so.as to., such.as to., enough to., too.to., only to等结构中。如:She was so late as_to miss half of the lecture.她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。She is such a good teacher as_to be respected by all her students.她是个如此好的老师,以至于受到她所有学生的尊敬。(3)作原因状语不定式作原因状语,常用在“主语系动词形容词to do”结构中。这类形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous, surprised, astonished, delighted, disappointed等,表示主语的特征、性质或说明产生这种情感的原因。The book is very hard_to_understand.这本书很难理解。We were_astonished_to_find the temple still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是,这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。特别提醒在“主语系动词形容词to do sth.”结构中,不定式和其所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系,但其逻辑宾语就是句子的主语,所以常用主动形式表示被动意义。When I told her the air would be_hard_to_breathe (the air would be hard for us to breathe) and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她空气会难以呼吸而且天气会非常寒冷时,她说那将是一次有趣的经历。2现在分词作状语(1)现在分词作状语的几个特性时间性与谓语动作同时发生,用现在分词的一般式,如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。语态性与句子的主语之间是主谓关系或动宾关系。人称一致性现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 (2)现在分词作状语时其形式的选择形式内在含义doing与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,与句中谓语动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生。having done与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,先于谓语动作发生。having been done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动作发生,一般作状语。 (3)现在分词作状语的语法功能现在分词作状语时是谓语动作的一部分,可表示时间、原因、方式、条件、结果和让步。作原因状语。相当于as, since, because 引导的原因状语从句。Being_tired,_I stopped to have a rest. (Because I was tired, I stopped to have a rest.)我累了,于是停下来休息。作条件状语。相当于if引导的条件状语从句。Turning_to_the_left,you will find the school.(If you turn to the left, you will find the school.)向左拐,你就会发现那所学校。作让步状语。相当于though, although, even if引导的让步状语从句。Knowing_where_I_live,_he never comes to see me.(Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me.)尽管知道我住哪儿,但他从不来看我。作结果状语。相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。He turned off the lamp, seeing_nothing. (He turned off the lamp so that he saw nothing.)他熄了灯,结果什么也看不见了。作方式状语或伴随状语,此时现在分词短语不能转化为状语从句,但可转化为并列分句。He came running_into_the_room. (He came and ran into the room.)他跑进屋来。作时间状语,相当于when, while引导的时间状语从句。Hearing_the_news,_they immediately set off for Shanghai.(When they heard the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.)听到这个消息,他们立即出发到上海去了。3过去分词作状语过去分词(短语)作状语时一般用于修饰谓语动词,进一步说明谓语动作。其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语,且主语是过去分词动作的承受者,过去分词与主语之间存在动宾关系。过去分词(短语)作状语可表示时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随和让步。(1)作时间状语。可转换为when, while引导的时间状语从句。Asked_what_had_happened,_he told us about it.When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it.当被问及发生了什么事时,他把这件事告诉了我们。(2)作条件状语。可转换为if引导的条件状语从句。Given_more_time,_Ill catch up with you.If I am given more time, Ill catch up with you.如果多给我一些时间,我就能赶上你。(3)作原因状语。可转换为because, as等引导的原因状语从句。Encouraged_by_the_progress_he_has_made,_he works harder.As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder.由于受到所取得的成绩的鼓舞,他工作更努力了。(4)作让步状语。可转换为though, although, even if等引导的让步状语从句。Left_at_home,_John didnt feel afraid at all. Although he was left at home, John didnt feel afraid at all.尽管约翰被留在家里,但他一点也不害怕。(5)作方式状语或伴随状语。一般不能转换为状语从句,但可转换为并列分句。Dressed_in_white,_she suddenly appeared.She was dressed in white and suddenly appeared.她穿着白色的衣服突然出现了。特别提醒某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且常用于一些系表结构中,此时这些过去分词只表示一种状态,作状语时不表示被动关系,其前不用being。如:located(坐落,位于),lost(迷路的),seated(坐),hidden(躲),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(感到厌倦)等,无论它们在句中作何种成分都不用其ing形式。Absorbed_in_his_book,_he didnt notice me enter the room.他专心于读书,没注意到我进入房间。不定式和现在分词作结果状语的用法区别:用法区别例句不定式作结果状语往往表示意想不到的或不愿看到的结果What have I said to_make you so angry?我说了什么话使你这样生气?现在分词作结果状语常表示自然而然的结果His parents died, leaving him an orphan. 他的父母去世了,他成为一个孤儿。4独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:generally speaking一般来说;frankly speaking坦白地说;judging from/by.根据来判断;considering./taking.into consideration考虑到;to tell you the truth说实话;compared to/with与相比。Judging_from_his_accent,_he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断,他是香港人。To_tell_you_the_truth,_I am a little tired.说实话,我有点累了。重难点1非谓语动词的独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致,即句子主语必须是非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者或承受者。但有时候无论非谓语动词采用哪种形式都不能使其逻辑主语与句子主语一致,此时非谓语动词需带有自己的逻辑主语,即构成“名词/代词不定式/现在分词/过去分词”形式的独立结构。独立主格结构的特点:独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。The_test_finished (When the test was finished), we began our holiday.考试结束后,我们就开始放假了。Weather_permitting (If weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。2现在分词/过去分词作状语的区别(1)与逻辑主语的关系方面现在分词作状语时,若分词用主动形式,则现在分词的逻辑主语(一般为句子的主语)与构成分词的动词为主谓关系;若分词用被动式,则现在分词的逻辑主语(一般为句子的主语)与构成分词的动词为动宾关系。如:He went out, shutting_the_door_behind_him.他出去了,并随手把门关上了。过去分词作状语时,构成过去分词的动词与过去分词的逻辑主语(一般为句子的主语)之间为动宾关系。如:Written_in_a_hurry,_this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。(2)时间方面现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作(几乎)同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后;现在分词的完成式(having done)表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。过去分词通常表示动作已经完成。如:Reading_carefully,_he found something he hadnt known before.仔细读时,他发现了一些他以前不知道的东西。Having_been_told_to_stay_at_home,_he couldnt go out.他被告知待在家里,所以他不能出去了。Bitten_by_the_dog,_the boy doesnt dare to get close to it.因被那条狗咬过,这个男孩儿不敢靠近它了。考法综述高考对非谓语动词作状语的主要考查点有:现在分词作状语,表示主动和进行,或表示自然而然的结果;过去分词作状语表示被动和完成;动词不定式作状语表目的的用法,此外,only to do表示出乎意料的结果,以及“主语系动词形容词(表情感)to do”结构中不定式的用法也常在高考中出现。命题法1考查不定式作状语典例1Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _(find) it didnt fit.答案to find句意:她急切地从包裹里拿出裙子穿上,结果发现它不合身。only to do表示出乎意料的结果。故填to find。典例2When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough cool the house during the hot day._答案在cool前加to句意:当新的一天到来时,这些墙已经释放完它们的热量,现在冷得足够能让房子在炎热的白天保持凉爽。分析句子结构并结合语境可知,此处应用不定式作结果状语,beadj.enough to do sth.为固定结构,意为“足够去做某事”。【解题法】(1)对不定式作状语的考查主要在目的状语、原因状语和结果状语上。熟知一些常用不定式的结构,观察语境找出答案。(2)在语法填空中,常给出动词形式,考生需要考虑不定式作状语与分词作状语的区别,熟悉各自的意义及功能。(3)在短文改错中,不定式的考查往往是漏掉不定式符号“to”。考生要认真观察题干,找出错误并改正。命题法2考查分词作状语典例3As for the game, it will be rescheduled for tomorrow evening at the same time, _ (depend) on the weather.答案depending句意:对于这个比赛,它会被重新安排在明天晚上同一时间,这取决于天气。分析句子结构知,空处作状语,与前文是顺承关系,故用现在分词形式,故填depending。典例4Having spend nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel._答案spendspent句意:我们几乎已经花光了所有的钱,所以我们无法支付住宾馆的费用了。主语we与spend之间为逻辑上的主动关系,且spend表示的动作先于句中谓语动词couldnt afford表示的动作,故应用现在分词的完成式作原因状语。【解题法】(1)对分词作状语的考查主要在条件状语、时间状语、原因状语、让步状语、结果状语和伴随状语上。找准分词动作的逻辑主语,根据语境确定答案。(2)在语法填空中,常给出动词形式。考生需考虑现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别,熟悉各自的意义及功能。(3)在短文改错中,分词的考查往往是现在分词与过去分词的误用,以及现在分词一般式与完成式的误用,找出错误并改正。A单句填空1_ (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.答案To catch句意:为了赶上早班飞机,我们提前预约了出租车,并且起得很早。根据语境可知,提前预约出租车和起早是为了赶上早班飞机,故用不定式作目的状语。2. _(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.答案To learn句意:为了更多地了解中国文化,杰克决定把中国民乐作为选修课程。learn的逻辑主语为Jack, Jack与learn之间为逻辑上的主动关系,且该动作表示目的,因此用不定式的一般式结构作目的状语。3I stopped the car _ (take) a short break as I was feeling tired.答案to take句意:我停下车来休息一小会儿,因为我感觉累了。此处用不定式作目的状语。4_ (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.答案Raised句意:因为他是在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地区长大的,所以他成为足球明星的道路漫长而又艰辛。句中已有谓语动词had,故设空处应用非谓语动词形式;raise在此处是“养育,抚养”的意思,与主语he之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词形式作原因状语。5_(absorb) in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.答案Absorbed句意:由于约翰专注于绘画中,他没有注意到夜幕已经降临了。句中已有谓语动词,故此处用非谓语动词;be absorbed in sth.为固定搭配,意为“专心致志于某事”,因此设空处用过去分词作原因状语。6Much time _(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.答案spent句意:由于上班族很多时间都坐在办公桌前,因此普遍受健康问题困扰。分析句子成分可知此处是独立主格结构,time和动词spend之间是被动关系,故用过去分词spent。该独立主格结构相当于一个原因状语从句,还原为从句即为because much time is spent sitting at a desk。7Clearly and thoughtfully _(write),the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.答案written句意:由于表达清楚,思想有深度,这本书激起了那些想寻求他们自己的答案的学生的自信心。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。因为主语the book和write之间是逻辑上的被动关系且表示完成,所以用过去分词作状语。故应填written。8There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _(stare) at the night sky.答案staring句意:没有比仰面躺在草地中央凝视着夜空更惬意的事情了。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。lying on my back in the middle of the grassland的逻辑主语与stare之间为逻辑上的主动关系。故填staring。9As usual, I had to leave a message, fully _ (expect) to hear from him later that evening or the next day.答案expecting句意:通常,我需要留个言,热切希望能在那天晚上晚些时候或是第二天收到他的来信。逗号前是完整的句子,所以动词expect在此应该用非谓语动词形式,其逻辑主语与句子主语I一致,且二者之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。10Relax yourself every day, or youll be too tired _(get) good grades.答案to get句意:每天要放松一下自己,否则的话,你太累了就不会取得好成绩。本题为“too. to do.”句型,意为“太而不能做”,设空处用动词不定式作结果状语。故填to get。11Word came that Chinese sports delegation has won 9 medals in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia,_(rank) the 12th of the medal list.答案ranking句意:消息说中国体育代表团在俄罗斯索契举办的2014冬奥会上获得了9枚奖牌,奖牌榜排名第12位。此处用现在分词表示自然产生的结果。故填ranking。12More and more people are learning to surf the Internet, _(take) advantage of the convenience and efficiency benefits.答案taking句意:因其便利和效率,越来越多的人正在学习上网。非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间为主动关系,故用现在分词。谓语动词的动作与非谓语动词的动作同时发生,故用现在分词的一般式。应填taking。13The new technology, if_(apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.答案applied句意:如果新技术被应用于种植水稻,将会有助于增加水稻产量。technology与apply是被动关系,应用过去分词作状语。故填applied。B单句改错1Free ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness._答案FreeTo free句意:为了把我们自己从身体上以及精神上的紧迫感中解放出来,我们每个人都需要深度的思考和内心的宁静。根据句意可知,此处需用不定式作状语,表示目的,故用To free。在free前加to。2Group activities will be organized after class help children develop team spirit._答案help前加to句意:课后组织集体活动是为了帮助同学们培养团队意识。此处需用不定式作目的状语。3Use his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave._答案UseUsing句意:Nicholas用他的雪橇建了一个雪洞。分析句子结构知,逗号前作状语,且主语Nicholas与Use之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式。4If accepting for the job, youll be informed soon._答案acceptingaccepted句意:如果你被接受做这份工作,那么你很快就会收到通知。本句的主语you和accept之间是被动关系,所以这里使用过去分词形式,相当于状语从句If you are accepted for the job的省略。5Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way use the sun and the stars._答案useusing句意:和古代的水手一样,鸟儿凭借太阳和星星来找到飞行的路线。use和句子的主语birds之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词ing形式作状语。6Having working for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule._答案workingworked句意:工作了两天之后,Steve设法按时完成了他的报告。句子主语为Steve,与work为逻辑上的主谓关系,又因work表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前,故用现在分词的完成式Having worked。7When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, wondered whether to stay or leave._答案wonderedwondering句意:当那位职员看到了一张善良、满是皱纹又带着歉意的微笑的脸时,她呆呆地站在那里,考虑着是走还是留。主语she与wonder存在逻辑上的主谓关系,且wonder与stood的动作是同时发生的,作伴随状语,故用wondering。8Complete all the homework assigned by the school, the students have to work at it till midnight._答案CompleteTo complete句意:为了完成学校布置的作业,学生们得学习到午夜。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语,且是主动关系。故用To complete。9Feng Xiaogang, recognizing by many as a leading director, left his handprint at the TCL Chinese Theatre._答案recognizingrecognized句意:冯小刚被很多人认为是一流导演,他的手印留在了TCL中国大剧院里。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。主语Feng Xiaogang与recognize间为逻辑上的被动关系,故改为recognized。10Catching in a heavy rain, my daughter fell ill and couldnt but ask for a leave._答案CatchingCaught/Having been caught句意:因为遭遇了一场大雨,我女儿病倒了,只得请假。第一空考查非谓语动词作状语,主语my daughter与catch之间为逻辑上的被动关系且设空处表示完成,故答案为caught或having been caught。“cant/couldnt but动词原形”为固定搭配,意为:不得不,只好。故应用caught/having been caught。11Amazing at his final score, he decided to treat himself to a big dinner._答案AmazingAmazed句意:得知自己的最终分数后,他喜出望外决定吃顿大餐来犒劳自己。此处表示“人”喜出望外,故用amazed。12Li Chen and Fan Bingbing have fallen in love with each other, make a hot topic in the entertainment industry._答案makemaking句意:李晨和范冰冰相爱了,这成了娱乐界的一个热门话题。此题考查非谓语动词作结果状语。基础点1动词不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语时,须位于被修饰的名词或代词后面。以下几种情况下常使用不定式作定语:表示将来的动作时。根据需要,不定式可用主动或被动形式。I borrowed some books to_read during my holiday.我借了一些假期读的书。The car to_be_bought is for his sister.要买的那辆车是给他姐姐的。序数词,形容词最高级,the last,the only等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后。He is the best man to_do_the_job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。There be句型中作主语的名词/代词后。此时动词不定式多表示一般情况或将要发生的动作。There are lots of problems to_solve.有很多问题要解决。典例1There are still many problems _ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.答案to be solved句意:在我们准备长期待在月球上之前,仍然有很多问题有待解决。根据句意可知解决问题是未来将要发生的事情,所以使用不定式。而这些问题又是要被解决的,所以使用不定式的被动语态。被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时,常用不定式作后置定语,且不定式常用主动形式。不定式与被修饰词之间是同位关系,不定式说明被修饰的名词的内容。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, right, evidence, attempt, plan, way,reason, opportunity, time等。I want to have a chance to_further_my_study_abroad.我想得到一次去国外进修的机会。特别提醒(1)在作定语的动词不定式中,如果其中的动词是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词。如:She is a very nice person to_work_with.她是一个很好的工作伙伴。Do you have enough paper to_write_on?你有足够的纸来写字吗?(2)如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等,不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去。如:He has no place to_live_(in)他没有地方住。(3)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同,试比较:Have you got anything to_buy?你有什么东西要买吗?(不定式to buy的动作执行者是you)Have you got anything to_be_bought?你有什么要(我或别人)买的吗?(不定式to be bought的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”,因此只能用动词不定式的被动形式作后置定语)(2)不定式一般式的主动形式(to do)作定语,表示将要发生的主动动作。不定式一般式的被动形式(to be done)作定语,表示将要发生的被动动作。I have a lot of things to_do.我有许多事要做。We are invited to a party to_be_held in our club next Friday.我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。2分词作定语(1)现在分词(doing)作定语现在分词作定语,相当于一个定语从句,分词与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动、正在进行。一般情况下,单个分词作定语要前置,分词短语作定语要后置。The lecture, starting(which_was_starting) at 7:00 pm. last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.讲座于昨晚七点开始,随后是用望远镜观察月亮。特别提醒被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时,用现在分词的被动式(being done)作定语,表示该动作的被动和进行。The meeting being_held now is important.现在正在开的这个会很重要。 (2)过去分词(done)作定语过去分词作定语,被修饰的名词与分词在逻辑上是被动关系,表示被动或完成。Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.清华大学建立于1911年,是许多杰出人物的摇篮。特别提醒(1)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为:现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词只表示一个动作已完成,不表被动。falling leaves 正在落下的叶子(表正在进行)fallen leaves 落叶(表完成)(2)drink, learn, sink, light都有两种形式的过去分词,但作定语时,只能用拼写较长的过去分词。a drunken driver一个喝醉酒的司机a sunken ship 一艘沉船3动名词作定语动名词作定语时常置于被修饰词之前,用于说明事物的用途或性能。a walking sticka stick (which is used) for walking拐杖a washing machinea machine (which is used) for washing洗衣机a reading rooma room (which is used) for reading阅览室sleeping pillspills(which are used) for sleeping安眠药重难点不同形式的非谓语作定语的区别作定语的可以是不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。非谓语动词作后置定语的三种被动形式名词to be done表将来the meeting to_be_held_tomorrow名词done表过去和完成the house built_years_ago名词being done表进行the meat being_cooked_now非谓语动词用法不定式一般位于被修饰词之后,表示发生在谓语动词之后的动作,若表示已经发生的动作,名词前多用形容词、分词、序数词等修饰续表非谓语动词用法动名词一般位于被修饰词之前,说明被修饰词的用途现在分词表示主动、正在进行的意义过去分词表示被动、完成的意义Are you going to attend the meeting to_be_held_in_the_hall?你要参加在大厅里将要举办的会议吗?He is always the first one to_arrive at school every morning.他每天总是第一个到校的人。Ladies and gentlemen, please go and wait in the meeting room.女士们,先生们,请到会议室等候。There is much that can be done about the problem arising from carelessness.关于由粗心引起的问题,有许多事可以做。Most of the people invited_to_the_party were famous scientists.被邀参加聚会的多数人是著名的科学家。考法综述高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要有:不定式作定语,表示在谓语动词之后发生的将来动作;现在分词作定语,表示主动和进行;过去分词作定语,表示被动和完成。命题法考查非谓语作定语的用法典例1Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.答案living句意:香港的一家旅游公司Abercrombie & Kent 说,他们经常在这儿为上海人和香港人安排方便的度假。该句的谓语动词是arranges,所以此处应是非谓语动词;people和live之间是主动关系,故用living作后置定语。典例2The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras return to our shop for quality problems._答案returnreturned句意:生产厂商定期来收集因质量问题而被退回到我们商店的相机。句中已有谓语动词comes,因此设空处应用非谓语动词形式;且动词return与其逻辑主语the cameras之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语,故改为returned。【解题法】各种非谓语形式作定语的用法(1)熟悉不同的非谓语作定语的特点以及一些固定用法。(2)在语篇型语法填空中,考查非谓语形式作定语一般都给提示词,考生需分析题意,结合语境找出被修饰词与所给动词的逻辑关系,以及非谓语动作发生的时间,从而判断出用哪一形式。(3)在短文改错中,考查非谓语作定语时,往往是不定式作定语漏掉to或者分词的混用,也会考到谓语动词与非谓语的混用、错用。考生要结合句意,分析句子结构,从而找到错误并改正。A单句填空1A study of travelers _ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.答案conducted句意:在TripAdvisor网站所做的一份游客调查中,阳朔被确定为世界十大旅行目的地之一。本句的谓语动词是names,故设空处应用非谓语动词形式,又因为study和提示词conduct之间是被动关系,故填过去分词conducted。2The park was full of people, _ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.答案enjoying句意:公园里到处都是人,他们正在享受阳光。该句逗号前句子完整,故设空处需填非谓语动词作定语;逻辑主语people和enjoy间为主动关系,因此要用现在分词形式作定语。3Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _ (stay) away.答案to stay句意:鸟的鸣叫有时是警告其他的鸟远离。此处用不定式短语作后置定语修饰warning。4Last night, there were millions of people _ (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.答案watching句意:昨天晚上,上百万的人观看了电视直播的开幕式。逻辑主语people与watch之间为逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词作定语。5Actually, severe damage _ (do) to our land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution.答案done句意:事实上,在我们的进化历史过程中,对我们的土地造成的严重损害是相当近期的。do damage to.为固定搭配,do和其逻辑主语damage构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作定语,表示被动。6The poor girl appeared so frightened. She must have seen something _ (frighten) on her way home.答案frightening句意:那个可怜的女孩儿看上去如此恐惧。她一定是在回家的路上看到了什么可怕的东西。frightening令人害怕的。此处表示令人害怕的事,故用现在分词作不定代词something的后置定语。7Li Na, the first _ (achieve) a ranking of world No. 2 in Asia, retired from tennis in September.答案to achieve句意:亚洲第一个获得世界排名第二的网球选手李娜在九月份退役了。被修饰词为序数词且与作定语的非谓语动词在逻辑上为主动关系时,需用不定式作定语。8The two presidents agree with each other on the whole, but much remains _ (discuss) at the next meeting.答案to be discussed句意:两位领导人,总体上达成一致,但还有很多问题有待于在下次的会议上讨论。句子主语much与discuss构成逻辑上的动宾关系,因此用sth. remains to be done结构。故填to be discussed。9Amy, please tell the people seated and _ (wait) for their turns to come to my office five minutes later.答案waiting句意:埃米,请告诉那些坐等轮到他们的人们五分钟以后来我办公室。设空处与seated一起作the people的定语。the people与wait之间为逻辑上的主动关系,且设空处表示正在进行,故用现在分词waiting作定语。10Any danger for the patient _ (operate) on by Dr Smith?Hard to say. Doctors are trying their best.答案being operated句意:由史密斯大夫主刀的那个病人有危险吗?很难说。医生们正在全力以赴。设空处作the patient的定语。根据语境可知,设空处表示被动且正在进行,故用being operated作定语。11His first book _ (publish) next m
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