资源描述
专题27图表作文考纲展示命题探究1命题特点图表作文要求将图表形式的信息转化成段落文字信息。信息以图表的形式呈现出来，考生需要弄清所给的图表、数据、标题及文字说明等各种信息之间的关系，通过分析、研究提炼和确定文章的中心思想，得出令人信服的结论。图表作文中所说的图主要有曲线图、饼状图和柱状图等；而表则一般是统计表。2写作步骤(1)开门见山，点明主题根据题干中的文字说明及图表所表达的主要信息，点明图表所反映的主题。(2)呈现数据，找出规律/原因筛选图表信息，进行比较、整合，之后找出具有代表性的数据信息进行有层次、有区别的呈现，并据此找出数据信息后的规律或原因。(3)得出结论，发表看法对规律/原因进行概括总结，得出结论，然后发表看法。特别注意(1)数据内容不必全部描述，要突出重点，抓住图表中的极端点。(2)对趋势的描述必须准确，且要有据可依。(3)充分利用图表中提供的文字说明。(4)说明、描述图表信息时应该注意动词的时态。(5)切忌堆砌数据，图表信息的呈现要有层次性、代表性等特征。3写作素材(1)常用词汇点明图表所反映的主题时常用的词汇：table表格，chart图表，diagram 图解/示意图，figure图形/数字，describe描述，tell告诉，show表明，represent描绘/展示，indicate显示。分析数据差异及变化趋势时常用的词汇：a表示上升或增加的：rise, increase, go up。b表示下降或减少的：decrease, fall, reduce, decline, drop, go down。表示变化特点的：sharply急剧地，quickly迅速地，rapidly快速地，dramatically戏剧性地，slowly缓慢地，gradually逐渐地。表示比较的：compared to/with., in contrast to, the same as, similar to, different from, difference between, while, but, on the contrary, however, as. as., more than, less than。(2)常用句式点明主题时：I have recently made/conducted/carried out a survey about. among.Last week, we made/conducted/carried out a survey on. A survey has been made/conducted/carried out on.Recently a survey on. has been made/conducted/carried out among.呈现数据/分析原因时：a呈现数据：The above table/chart/graph shows that.As is shown in the table/chart/graph.As can be seen from the pie chart.From the table/chart/graph we can see that.According to the table/chart/graph, we can find that.According to the figures given by the graph.It is clear/apparent from the table/chart/diagram that.From the table/chart/graph it can be concluded that.We can draw a conclusion from the chart that.b分析原因：There are several reasons that account for this phenomenon.A number of factors account for (contribute to/lead to/result in) the change (phenomenon/increase) The main reason for such a change is.发表看法/提出建议时：Personally/In my opinion/As far as Im concerned/From my point of view.It is high time that we.(3)写作模板模板一：Recently a survey has been done to find out_(所要表达的主题)。As is shown in the pie chart_(表中的内容一)，_(表中的内容二)，_(表中的内容三) and_(表中的内容四)。 In conclusion, the survey shows that_(总体规律、趋势或呈现的问题)。Many factors contribute to the problem. One is that_(原因一)。Another is that_(原因二)。In my opinion_(自己的观点)。模板二：As is shown/indicated/represented by the figure/percentage in the table/graph/pie chart，_(中心议题) has been on the rise (goes up/increases/drops/decreases)。 Judging from these figures we can draw the conclusion that_(结论)。 There are several reasons why this happened. On the one hand，_(原因一)。 On the other hand，_(原因二)。 In addition，_(原因三) is also responsible for it。It is high time that we_(发出倡议)。 We should_(解决问题的方法)。考法综述图表作文要求考生将表格形式和图表形式的信息转化成段落形式的文字信息。命题法图表作文典例生活中冲突时有发生。假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执，导致关系紧张。请你结合此事，并根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，向学校英文报“Happy Teens”专栏投稿。简要描述事情的经过打篮球、碰撞、争执，等等分析发生冲突的原因1.遇事不够冷静2.谈谈避免冲突的做法(请考生根据自己的经历或感想， 提出至少两种做法)注意：1.对所有要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。2词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。3作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。Conflicts with others are common in everyday life._One Possible Version：Conflicts_with_others_are_common_in_everyday_life. During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other, trying to catch the ball. Then they started shouting and yelling, and it turned into a horrible quarrel.To be honest, it was Sus fault, but Li was also to blamethey were not calm enough and both said some really mean things. They cared too much about winning and losing. As a matter of fact, blocking, pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game.To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoying a harmonious life. It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society. Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place.Dont be selfcentered. Try to be considerate. We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.【解题法】图表作文的解题思路对于图表作文，写作内容主要包括三个方面：描述图表信息从中总结出变化规律提出建议或解决之道(这一部分可以根据实际要求进行取舍)。准备过程中，应着重从以下几个方面入手。(1)读出图表所传达的信息，并对信息进行分类将图表所传达的信息进行全面的转换，并根据不同的项目对信息进行分类，这是进行数据整合的基础，这一过程中要尽量确保信息全面。(2)整合信息，总结规律/分析原因信息经过分类之后，以某一个标准为参照(比如时间、地域等)，总结出同一对象在不同时间/地域/下的变化规律，或通过对同类信息的对比分析出问题出现的原因。找出规律/原因是解决问题/提出建议的基础。(3)数据处理对数据进行处理时，要根据题干的要求，着重处理差异比较大或变化比较明显的信息。这样呈现数据时才能有所侧重，写的时候才能有详略之分。(4)段落构建一般而言，图表作文可分为三个段落来写。第一个段落点明调查/统计对象并进行图表信息的转换，转换过程中需要注意的是信息的取舍和详略程度。第二段主要是根据信息总结出规律或找出问题出现的原因。第三段则主要是建议的提出或解决方法的提出。其中第一段和第二段是重点段落，第三段可根据题干要求进行取舍。Writing 1请阅读下面文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。写作内容：1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；2结合上述信息，简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因；3根据你的分析，从社会规范(rules and regulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。写作要求：1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。评分标准：内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。_One Possible Version：The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten peoples lives. The three selections presented above are typical examples.Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem. In spite of the largescale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. Whats worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them, people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone dont secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. It is everybodys duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track.Writing 2假定你是李华，计划暑假期间去英国学习英语，为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该校写封信，询问有关情况(箭头所指内容)。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：住宿accommodationDear Sir/Madam，_Yours faithfully，Li HuaOne Possible Version：Dear_Sir/Madam，I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation. Ive seen your ad, and Id like to know something more about your sixweek English course. First, when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week? Besides, I wish there would not be too many students in a class. Id also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included. Would there be host family or university dormitory?I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours_faithfully，Li_HuaWriting 3某知名英文网站开辟了国际文化交流专栏，请你根据以下提示为该网站发帖，简要介绍中国的传统节日端午节。英文名称 Duanwu Festival或Dragon Boat Festival庆祝时间 每年农历五月初五庆祝方式 吃粽子、赛龙舟、喝雄黄酒等相关传说纪念战国时代楚国诗人屈原，他于农历五月初五这天投汨罗江殉国地位中国最重要的传统节日之一，被列入世界非物质文化遗产名录注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：雄黄酒realgar wine；战国时期Warring States Period；世界非物质文化遗产World Intangible Cultural Heritage_One Possible Version：The Duanwu Festival, also known as the Dragon Boat Festival, is a traditional Chinese festival. It is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year across China. On this day, people usually eat rice dumplings, drink realgar wine, and hold dragon boat races. It is believed that the festival is celebrated in memory of the famous poet named Qu Yuan, who lived in the State of Chu during the Warring States Period. He jumped into the Miluo River to die for his country. The Duanwu Festival is one of the most important national festivals in China, and it has been listed as a World Intangible Cultural Heritage.Writing 4假设你是李华，最近，你校学生会对影响学生课外阅读的因素进行了调查，结果见下图。请根据图示提供的信息，给某英语报社写一封信，反映调查的实际情况，并寻求建议。 注意：1.信的开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数；2词数100左右。Dear Editor，Our Student Union has recently conducted a survey on what may affect students outsideclass reading._Sincerely yours，Li HuaOne Possible Version：Dear_Editor，Our_Student_Union_has_recently_conducted_a_survey_on_what_may_affect_students_outsideclass_reading. The result is as follows：72% of the students think that schoolwork takes up most of their time, leaving very little for outsideclass reading. Meanwhile, 16% of the students complain that their parents do not support them enough. Parents are concerned that their childrens attention may be taken away by the nonschool related reading. Besides, 8% of the students are not satisfied with the opening hours of the library and limited book collections there. And the rest 4% of the students think books are so expensive nowadays that they cant afford to buy as many as they want.We all know that reading is beneficial. However, given the facts above, how can we read more? I would greatly appreciate your help if you could provide some advice.Sincerely_yours，Li_HuaWriting 5下面的柱状图(bar chart)显示了你校上周针对“偶像崇拜类别”的调查结果。请你用英语给21st Century报社的编辑写一封信，报道你校的调查结果，并对此结果发表你的看法。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已为你写好；参考词汇：偶像idolDear Editor，We made a survey in our school last week and Id like to tell you something about the results._Yours sincerely，Li HuaOne Possible Version：Dear_Editor，We_made_a_survey_in_our_school_last_week_and_Id_like_to_tell_you_something_about_the_results.As is demonstrated in the bar chart, great mind worship occupies 47% of the idol worship, followed by celebrity worship which gains the percentage of 38%. 11% of the students surveyed adore people around them, for instance, teachers, parents or friends. Students without idols account for the rest of 4%.Apparently, idol worship has become a common social phenomenon among the adolescents. There is no denying that idol worship inspires us to focus on their achievements, which come from diligence, effort and persistence. However, blind worship is not supposed to be advocated because it will lead to extreme behavior easily. As far as I am concerned, we should avoid blind worship and learn to worship our idols rationally.Yours_sincerely，Li_HuaWriting 6假定你是李华，计划寒假找份兼职工作。下面的招聘广告引起了你的注意，请根据要点(箭头所指内容)写一封申请信。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear Mr Smith，_One Possible Version：Dear_Mr_Smith，Ive read your advertisement for an assistant teacher for a childrens winter camp. I am quite interested in this position. I am outgoing, energetic, wellorganized, and responsible. And most importantly, I love working with children! In the past two years, as the monitor in my class, I have proved myself to be an excellent helper to my teachers. I speak fluent English, which enables me to help native English teachers communicate freely and effectively with students in an Englishonly environment.I will soon have a threeweek winter vacation, so I have no problem working evenings and weekends. I can start working from the end of this month. I would be pleased to assist both the teachers and students in this challenging and rewarding environment.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li Hua易错题：审题不细，偏离主题例某高中对300名高三学生睡眠时间不足的原因作了调查，结果如下。请根据图表一提供的信息用英语描述高三学生的睡眠情况，并针对图表二中任意一个数据所反映的情况发表你的看法。注意：1.文中不得出现考生的具体信息；2词数120左右。学生作文错因分析考生只注意到了图表一所提供的信息：高三学生每天睡眠时间表。所以考生只简单地罗列了这些具体的事实，而没有结合图表二中的数据分析学生睡眠不足的原因，这样造成了理解上的错误，写作重点也就不突出了，也偏离了写作的主题。心得体会11
展开阅读全文