部分同义词总结

difficult,hard,arduous这三个形容词的词义很接近，都有“困难的”意思。difficult 所表示的“困难的”，含义是“克服某种障碍需要特别的技能、才智、知识或勇气”，此外，也常常用于表示难以应付或难以对付As usual, the police will have a difficult time.和往常一样，警察的日子将不好过。The Hatfield Puffin is a modern aeroplane, but its designer, Mr. John Wimpenny, is finding it difficult to get it off the ground.哈特费尔德普芬是一架时髦的飞机，但设计这架飞机的人约翰温佩尼先生感到很难使它飞离地面。He was a difficult man to deal with.他是个很难对付的人。hard 是个最普通的词，是easy的反义词，有时它还可以表示“艰难的”This book is too hard for children.这本书儿童读太难了。Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success.当弗兰克回想起他早年的艰苦岁月和成功的漫长道路时，他微笑了。He was sentenced to two years hard labour.他被判处两年的苦役。arduous 所表示的“困难的”强调某件事特别需要气力或坚韧不拔的毅力。某项任务我们可能发觉很难，要解决它就必须有专门的知识和特殊的技能，但未必要花很大的气力，这时用difficult 便很适当，用arduous 则不当。登山运动当然需要技术， 但主要的还是气力和坚韧不拔的意志，这时用arduous最恰当。Those who seek it, undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it.寻求正义的人历尽艰辛，也决不能肯定他们就能找到正义。limit,restrict,confine这三个动词的一般含义为“限制”或“局限”。limit 指时、空、程度、量等方面的“限定”，其内涵是如果超出了这种限度就会受罚或遭到令人不快的后果；此外，这个词也常用来表示“局限”This driver received a ticket because he failed to limit his speed while driving in heavy traffic.那位司机收到了一个违章通知单，因为他在车辆多的地方没能限制开车速度。I limited myself to two modest ambitions. to do physical exercises every morning and to read more every evening.我把自己的决心限制于两项小小的抱负：即每天早晨做体操，常在晚上多读一点书。He seems to have only a limited intelligence.似乎他的智力有限。We must limit our expense to what we can afford.我们必须不使开支超出我们的支付能力restrict 区别于limit 的地方在于，restrict“限制”的是范围，而limit 侧重于表示“限制”到某个点In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the Press are rightly condemned.在民主的国家里，限制新闻自由的任何努力都要受到公正的遣责。The trees restrict our view.这些树局限了我们的视野。confine 具有 limit 和 restrict 两者的含义，但 confine 的内涵是“约束”或“束缚”He is confined to the house by illness.他因病闭门不出。The professor confined his remarks to scientific management.那位教授把自己的讲话局限在科学管理方面。limit 亦为名词。如：Didnt you see the speed limit? confine 亦可用作名词It did not, however, remain whithin the confines of his estate.然而，这种疾病并未被局限在他的庄园范围之内。remark and stateremark 所表示的“说话”含有评论性的意思。例如，在学生的演讲比赛结束时，班长请在场的师长讲讲话，这种讲话是remark而不是任何其他的词But this does not matter, for, as he often remarked, one is never too old to learn.但是这不要紧，因为，正如他一向所说的那样，一个人要活到老学到老。It is rude to remark upon the appearance of other people.对别人评头论足是粗鲁的。but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap.但是它（公牛）突然看到了那个醉汉，他正大声地说些粗鲁的评论话，而且挥舞着一顶红色的帽子。state 的含义是把某件事情详细地陈述出来，这样的陈述不仅阐明事情的性质，而且还包含着阐述这种事情是有一定的目的The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions.公共汽车司机们声明，罢工将继续下去，直到达成关于工资和工作条件的总的协议为止。He stated his views on the question at the meeting.他在会上阐明了自己对这个问题的看法。They have made a solemn statement that their internal affairs are not to be interfered in.他们已经发表了庄严的声明，他们的国内事物是不容干涉的。2 / 2文档可自由编辑打印