考研考博-考博英语-南京师范大学考前自测提分卷8(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-南京师范大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题What, besides children, connects mothers around the world and across the seas of time? Its chicken soup, one prominent American food expert says.From Russian villages to Africa and Asia, chicken soup has been the remedy for those weak in body and spirit. Mothers pass their knowledge on to ancient writers of Greece, China and Rome, and even the 12th century philosopher and physician Moses Mainmides extolled its virtues.Among the ancients, Aristotle thought poultry should stand in higher estimation than four-legged animals because the air is less dense than the earth. Chickens got another boost （吹捧）in the book of Genesis, where it is written that birds and fish were created on the fifth day,a day before four-legged animals. But according to Mimi Sheraton, who has spent much of the past three years exploring the world of chicken soup, much of the reason for chickens real or imagined curative powers comes from its color.Her new book, “The Whole World Loves Chicken Soup”，looks at the beloved and mysterious brew, with dozens of recipes from around the world. “Throughout the ages, she said, “there has been a lot of feeling that white-colored foods are easier to eat for the weak-women and the ill. In addition, “soup, or anything for that matter eaten with a spoon” are considered “comfort foods.” Sheraton said.“I love soup and love making soup and as I was collecting recipes I began to see this as an international dish . It has a universal mystique as something curative, a strength builder.” Sheraton said from her New York home.Her book treats the oldest remedy as if it was brand new.The National Broiler Council, the trade group representing the chicken industry, reported that 51 percent of the people it surveyed said they bought chicken because it was healthier, 50 percent said it was versatile, 41 percent said it was economical and 46 percent said it was low in fat.1. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?2. Since ancient times, the value of chicken soup（ ）.3. Which of the following statements is not true?4. Chicken soup has curative powers mainly for（ ） according to Sheraton.5. It can be said from the survey that chicken is（ ）.问题1选项A.Prominent American FoodsB.History of the chicken SoupC.Chicken Soup RecipesD.Chicken Soup, a Universal Cure-all问题2选项A.has been over-estimatedB.has been widely acknowledgedC.has been appreciated only by philosophersD.has been known only to mothers问题3选项A.Chicken soup has a very long history.B.Since ancient times, chicken soup has been a home remedy.C.Poultry usually stands higher than four-legged animals.D.Four-legged animals were said to be created on the sixth day.问题4选项A.its colorB.its tasteC.its flavorD.its recipe问题5选项A.a main dishB.a popular foodC.cheaper than any other foodD.All of the above【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。全文从不同角度，从古至今，讲述了鸡汤的好处。故D项正确。2.推理判断题。由第二段From Russian villages to Africa and Asia, chicken soup has been the remedy for those weak in body and spirit. Mothers pass their knowledge on to ancient writers of Greece, China and Rome, and even the 12th century philosopher and physician Moses Mainmides extolled its virtues. 从俄罗斯的村庄到非洲和亚洲，鸡汤一直是那些身体和精神虚弱的人的良药。母亲们把她们的知识传给了古希腊、中国和罗马的古代作家，甚至12世纪的哲学家和医生摩西梅因米德斯(Moses Mainmides)也赞美这种美德。由此可知从古代开始鸡汤的价值就为人所知。故B项正确。3.推理判断题。 由第三段Among the ancients, Aristotle thought poultry should stand in higher estimation than four-legged animals because the air is less dense than the earth. 在古代，亚里士多德认为家禽应该比四条腿的动物站得更高，因为空气的密度比地球小。可知这只是亚里士多德的猜测，不是事实。故C项表述错误。4.细节事实题。由第三段“But according to Mimi Sheraton, who has spent much of the past three years exploring the world of chicken soup, much of the reason for chickens real or imagined curative powers comes from its color. 但在过去3年的大部分时间里，Mimi Sheraton一直在探索鸡汤的世界。他表示，鸡肉之所以具有真正的或想象中的疗效，在很大程度上是因为它的颜色。可知Sheraton认为鸡汤具有如此强大的疗效在于它的颜色。故A项正确。5.推理判断题。由最后一段“51 percent of the people it surveyed said they bought chicken because it was healthier, 50 percent said it was versatile, 41 percent said it was economical and 46 percent said it was low in fat. 51%的受访者说他们买鸡肉是因为鸡肉更健康，50%的人说鸡肉有多种用途，41%的人说鸡肉很经济，46%的人说鸡肉脂肪含量低。”可知很多人购买鸡肉，并且购买的原因也多样化，恰好说明了鸡肉成为一种受欢迎的食物。故B项正确。2.单选题Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life.With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed woodlands into farmland, and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purpose or hydroelectric power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways. However, mans changes to physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles; smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy.The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea,pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of algae （水藻）, fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed. The same problem exists in rivers. Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth.1. Man has changed his physical environment with a view to（ ）.2. According to the passage, pollution of the air and water is caused by（ ）.3. The ecological balance of the sea is lost when（ ）.4. Who would most probably disagree with conservationists?5. The purpose of the writer is（ ）.问题1选项A.altering the physical feature of the earthB.bettering his way of lifeC.improving his surroundingsD.modifying the face of the planet问题2选项A.thousands of tons of gases coming out of the exhausts of motor vehiclesB.the changes of the environment that technology has brought to manC.the increasing amount of oil that has been producedD.industrial wastes discharged into rivers问题3选项A.people consume more fish than they used toB.the ecological balance of the river is lostC.large numbers of algae, fish and birds are killedD.the production of marine petroleum is increased问题4选项A.Industrialists.B.Ecologists.C.Businessmen.D.Environmentalists.问题5选项A.to reduce modern technologyB.to improve mans way of lifeC.to warn people not to change the natural environmentD.to call attention to the protection of the natural environment【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life. 纵观历史，人类改变自然环境以改善生活方式。故B项正确。2.推理判断题。由第二段With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. 借助科技工具，人类改变了地球的许多物理特征。以及 However, mans changes to physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. 然而，人类对自然环境的改变并不总是带来有益的结果。今天，空气和水的污染对地球的健康造成越来越严重的威胁。可知水污染和空气污染是由于人类借助科技改变了自然环境造成的。故B项正确。3.细节事实题。由第三段“The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of algae, fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed. 水的污染也同样有害。在海里,石油污染增加,造成大量的藻类(水藻),鱼和鸟死亡。整个海洋的生态平衡正在被改变。”可知藻类、鱼和鸟的大量死亡导致海洋生态失衡。故C项正确。4.推理判断题。由最后一段“Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth. 自然资源保护论者认为，为了在地球上生存，人类现在有必要限制科技的发展。”可知自然资源保护论者认为要限制科技的发展，而阻碍科技的发展不利于工业的发展，所以工业家很可能会发对这个观点。故A项正确。5.作者意图题。本文主要讲述了环保的重要性，从空气污染，到水污染，再到破坏整个生态平衡。所有的这些都是在呼吁大家来保护地球，保护我们的生存坏境。 故D项正确。3.单选题The success or failure of a case often hinges on an organizing principle known as a case theme. For example, the case theme in the trial of Erick and Lyle Menendez, two brothers accused of murdering their parents, was “the abuse excuse”; The brothers should be excuse because they had been severely abused. A primary case theme of the O.J.Simpson defense was “the police messed up and planted evidence.”Themes are simple, brief （one sentence!） statements that capture the essence of your argument. You control the lens through which the facts will be viewed. For a trial lawyer, this is absolutely critical. If the lawyer fails to establish a case theme, he or she gives opposing counsel the advantage. Or even worse, the listeners, or those you are trying to persuade, will adopt the theme suggested to them by your adversary. Whoever controls the definition of the case is inevitably the one with the power.Just as a theme gives the listeners a generalizing principle around which information can be organized, so too does it give you one. The great trial lawyers emphasize the need for an overall strategy as well as day-to-day tactics. A case theme embodies a lawyers overall strategy in a nutshell and helps her organize the case so that she always stays on target use a theme to help you stay well and easily focused on the overall thrust of your presentation.A good case theme also greatly enhances your credibility. （41） When you establish a succinct, easy-to-remember, you let people know-well-defined and thought our point of view. Such specificity adds to your perceived competence and trustworthiness. Remember: successful trial lawyers are never wishy-washy.1. The case involving two brother killers demonstrates that（ ）.2. The message of this passage is that（ ）.3. A good case theme can prevent（ ）.4. An additional merit of a good case theme is that you may（ ）.5. The last word “wishy-washy” is closest in meaning to（ ）.问题1选项A.even murders may be excused sometimesB.a well-defined argument can win a difficult caseC.child abusers should be duly punishedD.upholding justice is the most important in court问题2选项A.good lawyers are of critical importance in a lawsuitB.legal procedures sometimes may run out of controlC.murder cases can be manipulated as people wishD.a well-defined focusing point is a key to win a case问题3选项A.the trial lawyer from losing his or her target in defenseB.the opposing side from forming their case themeC.audience from being easily persuadedD.those who have power from controlling the trial问题4选项A.get more informationB.control the opposing sideC.prove your competenceD.trust the jury and the judge问题5选项A.indecisiveB.imaginativeC.inadequateD.illogical【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段 “The success or failure of a case often hinges on an organizing principle known as a case theme. For example, the case theme in the trial of Erick and Lyle Menendez, two brothers accused of murdering their parents, was “the abuse excuse”; The brothers should be excuse because they had been severely abused. 案例的成功或失败往往取决于一个被称为案例主题的组织原则。例如，Erick和Lyle Menendez两兄弟被控谋杀他们的父母，他们的审判主题是“为虐待申辩”;兄弟俩应该得到原谅，因为他们受到了严重的虐待。”该案例中两兄弟杀害父母却得到了原谅，原因是他们被父母严重虐待，由此可知公平在法庭中起非常重要的作用。故D项正确。ABC三项均不能说明该案件体现的道理。2.主旨大意题。第一段开头就提到了The success or failure of a case often hinges on an organizing principle known as a case theme. 案例的成功或失败往往取决于一个被称为案例主题的组织原则。接下来的段落都是围绕case theme展开论述。全文主要讲述了一个好的案例主题（焦点）是赢得官司的关键。故D项正确。3.判断推理题。由第三段The great trial lawyers emphasize the need for an overall strategy as well as day-to-day tactics. A case theme embodies a lawyers overall strategy in a nutshell and helps her organize the case so that she always stays on target use a theme to help you stay well and easily focused on the overall thrust of your presentation. 伟大的辩护律师强调整体战略和日常战术的必要性。案例主题概括地体现了律师的总体策略，并帮助她组织案例，使她始终紧扣主题，帮助你保持良好的状态，轻松地聚焦于陈述的总体主旨。可知好的案例主题能使辩护律师在辩护时始终聚焦于主题，不会走偏。故A项正确。4.判断推理题。由第二段If the lawyer fails to establish a case theme, he or she gives opposing counsel the advantage. Or even worse, the listeners, or those you are trying to persuade, will adopt the theme suggested to them by your adversary. 如果律师未能确立案件主题，他或她就会给予对方律师优势。更糟糕的是，听众或你试图说服的人会采用你的对手建议的主题。由此可知一个好的案件主题能控制反方。5.词义题。When you establish a succinct, easy-to-remember, you let people know-well-defined and thought -our point of view. Such specificity adds to your perceived competence and trustworthiness. Remember: successful trial lawyers are never wishy-washy. 当你建立一个简洁的，易于记忆的案件主题时，你让人们明确地知道我们的观点。这种专一性会增加你的能力和可信度。记住:成功的辩护律师从不优柔寡断。indecisive犹豫不决的；imaginative富于想象力的，具有创造力的；inadequate不充足的；illogical不合逻辑的，不合理的。既然是成功的辩护律师的特点，那应该用褒义词，故先排除CD两项。B项“富有想象力的”不是律师的特点，相反律师是依据事实说话。故A项正确。4.单选题The former president is to verify at a human rights court heating cases of atrocities.问题1选项A.testifyB.provideC.conformD.supply【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。testify证明，证实；provide提供；conform使遵守，使一致；supply提供。句意：这位前总统将在人权法庭对暴行案件进行核实。故A项正确。5.单选题The boss named the company（ ） himself.问题1选项A.asB.afterC.toD.for【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。name after以命名。句意：老板以他自己的名字给公司命名。6.单选题The tenant must be prepared to decorate the property（ ）the terms of the agreement.问题1选项A.by way ofB.in accordance withC.with regard toD.in relation to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。by way of“经由”；in accordance with“依照，与一致”；with regard to “关于，至于”；in relation to“关于，涉及”。句意：承租人必须（ ）协议条款来准备装修房屋。只有B项符合句意，表示根据协议条款来装修房屋。7.单选题Rapid energy consumption will not only（ ）the environment, but also trigger serious social problems.问题1选项A.extractB.spoilC.disposeD.deteriorate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。extract“提取；提炼”; spoil“糟蹋；溺爱；dispose“处理；处置；安排”；deteriorate“恶化”。 句意：能源迅速消耗不仅会使环境恶化，还会引发严重的社会问题。只有D项符合句意，故答案D。8.单选题Once you have added up the figures in the budget plan, you will have to（ ）income tax to arrive at the net spending amount available to you.问题1选项A.divideB.deductC.multiplyD.add【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。divide“分开”；deduct“扣除;减去”multiply“乘； 使增加”；add“增加”，add to“加入，增加”。句意：一旦你把预算计划中的数字加起来，为了得出你可利用的净支出金额，你将不得不加入所得税。D项符合题意。9.翻译题六十整岁望七十如攀高山。不料七十岁居然过了。七十岁开始可以诸事不做而拿退休金，不愁没有一碗饭吃，自由自在，自得其乐。要看书可以随便乱翻。金庸、梁羽生、 克里斯蒂、松本淸张，从前哪能拜读？现在可以了。随看随忘，便仍在一边。无忧无虑，无人打扰，不必出门而自有天地。真是无限风光在老年。偶尔有人来，不论男女老少认识不认识，天南地北，天上地下，天文地理，谈天说地，百无禁忌。我的话匣子一开，激光磁盘便响个不停，滔滔不绝。无奈我闲人忙，听众逐渐稀少，终于门庭冷落，只剩下一屋子广阔天地,任我独往独来，随意挥洒。【答案】At the age of sixty I longed for a life span of seventy, a goal as difficult as a summit to be reached. Who would expect that I had reached? At the age of seventy I began my retirement, in which I can rely on my old-age pension for a living, free from my burden of the boring routines I used to bear, and lead a life carefree and contended. As for reading I can, now, choose at my own will to thumb through anything to while away the time. I can find time to read anything that I didnt used to, for instance, such time-killers as those created by Jin Yong, Liang Yusheng, Christie and Seicho Matsummoto. I dont have to keep them in mind and quit them as I see fit. There being no worry and disturbance, I need not travel far in my own world so vast. True it is that the most splendid view may be found in old age!Occasionally I had some visitors, male or female, old or young, acquainted and unacquainted. We could chat about everything in the north or in the south, in the space or at the core, related to taboos for us at all. Whenever I broke the ice I began to pour my words, in a flow of eloquence, as continuously as a laser disc. Unfortunately, I was jobless while they were so busy that they almost melted away until few knocks came at the door and the world became vacant again. Now I alone can occupy it and go my own way.10.写作题Directions: For this section, you are asked Io write a composition on the following topic. You are required to write no less than 150 words. Remember to write clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.Some people say that the Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information. Others think access to so much information creates problems. Which view do you agree with?What is your opinion? Give your comments and write them down on the ANSWER SHEET. You should supply on appropriate title for your essay.【答案】略