考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考前自测提分卷72(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Humble （ ）it may be, theres no place like home, （ ）her may go.问题1选项A.like, whenB.as, whereverC.although, whereD.which, wherever【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句。as引导让步状语从句必须进行倒装，此处将表语humble提前；wherever意为“无论哪儿”，引导地点状语从句。句意：尽管家很简陋，但无论她去哪儿，没有一个地方可以和家相提并论。2.单选题Electric vehicles are potential game changers in transportation, a sector which （ ）largest share of oil consumption.问题1选项A.posesB.assumesC.representsD.owes【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。pose意为“产生，提出，摆好姿势”；assume意为“假定，认为”；represent意为“代表”；owe意为“欠，归功于，应给予”。句意：电动汽车是交通运输中潜在的游戏变革者，是占石油消费比重最大的部门。3.单选题Your kindness in giving （ ）to the consideration of the above problem will be highly appreciated.问题1选项A.priorityB.advantageC.importanceD.authority【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。priority意为“优先，优先权”；advantage意为“优势”；importance意为“重要性，重大”；authority意为“权威”。句意：如果您会优先考虑上述问题，我们将深表感谢。4.单选题（ ） the precise qualities of the hero in literary works may vary over time, basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.问题1选项A.WhateverB.In spite ofC.Even thoughD.Regardless【答案】C【解析】考查让步状语从句。分析句子，可知逗号后面的为主句，逗号前面的从句主谓完整，缺少一个连接副词连接句子，whatever在句中可作主语与宾语，从句中的谓语动词may vary后面不需要接宾语了，因此用Even though。in spite of后面接的是名词或者动名词，不跟从句；regardless后面不接句子。句意：尽管文学作品中主人公的精湛品质可能随着时间的推移而变化，但英雄的基本模范作用似乎保持不变。5.单选题At present rates of demand, the world has enough oil in known and economically viable reserves to last for more than 40 years, enough gas for more than 60 years and enough coal for more than 230 years. Naturally, demand will increase; but so will reserves as companies explore more widely and costs fall. Since 1970 viable reserves of oil have almost doubled while those of gas have leapt three-fold. One distant day a difficult situation will come, but as it approaches, fossil-fuel prices will rise, making alternative forms of energy, perhaps including nuclear power, competitive. That is no reason to spend on nuclear right now.All oil shock is a more worrying prospect despite todays low oil price and OPECs present inability to budge it upwards. However, even if an oil shock is a real danger, building nuclear reactors is not a good way to avert it. A higher oil price would have a relatively small effect on the supply of electricity-the only sort of energy that nuclear power can now provide. Just over a tenth of the worlds electricity is generated from oil, and the proportion has steadily fallen since 1970. Transport, by contrast, relies almost entirely upon oil, already swallowing half the worlds oil supply and likely to take an even larger chunk in the future. If the supply of oil were cut off tomorrow, billions of people would find themselves immobile. Relatively few would be without electricity.The congestion and pollution are serious problems, and they could try to restrict the growth of car use, or promote cars which use less fuel. For governments keen to reduce electricitys dependence on oil still further, there are usually cheaper alternatives to nuclear, such as coal or hydro power.Climate change is a legitimate worry. Although still riddled with uncertainties, the science of climate change is becoming firmer: put too much carbon in the atmosphere and you might end up cooking the earth, with possible catastrophic results. But here again switching immediately to nuclear power is not the best response. Cutting the larger subsidies that go to the worlds coal producers would help tilt the worlds energy balance towards natural gas, which gives off much less carbon dioxide. Developing countries subsidize electricity prices up to $120 billion a year, according to World Bank estimates. If price reflected the true costs of generation, electricity demand would fall, thus, cutting greenhouse emissions.1.What is the main idea of the first paragraph?2.Which of the following would NOT be true if an oil shock came soon?3.What is NOT mentioned as a way to prepare for an oil shock?4.What is meant by “cooking the earth”?5.What is the main aim of the passage?问题1选项A.Oil, gas and coal play an important role in energy supply.B.The more reserves, the greater demand there is for energy.C.There is no point in bothering about nuclear power at present.D.Some other forms of energy will replace fossil fuels someday.问题2选项A.It wouldnt affect much of the supply of electricity.B.It would have great impact on transport.C.The world would be badly in need of nuclear plants.D.Oil price would go upwards.问题3选项A.Exploiting nuclear energy instead.B.Promoting cars which consume less fuel.C.Building up stock of oil for future consumption.D.Using coal or hydro power.问题4选项A.The earth is getting wanner as if fueled by carbon dioxide dischargers.B.Owing to the change of climate, there will be less oil reservesC.The power plant emits too much smoke and fume.D.Automobile exhausts give off too much carbon dioxide.问题5选项A.To reject the idea of turning to nuclear reactors for energy.B.To demonstrate that there are alternative forms of energy.C.To defend oil consumption from the blame for greenhouse effect.D.To warn people of the inevitable exhaustion of fossil fuels.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由文章第一段中Naturally, demand will increase; but so will reserves as companies explore more widely and costs fall.可知需求增多，储存随着增多，与B选项表达表述相反；C、D选项在第一段中虽有提及，但都只是一笔带过，因此A选项“石油、天然气和煤炭在能源供应中发挥着重要作用”是本段的主旨。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中However, even if an oil shock is a real danger, building nuclear reactors is not a good way to avert it.（然而，即使石油冲击是真正的危险，建造核反应堆并不是避免它的好方法）可知选C。第3题:由文章第二段中building nuclear reactors is not a good way to avert it可知与A选项相符（虽然不是一种好的方法，但也属于一种方法）；第三段中promote cars which use less fuel可知B选项相符；第三段中there are usually cheaper alternatives to nuclear, such as coal or hydro power与D选项相符。通过排除法，选C，只有C选项没有在文章中提及。第4题:词义题。由文章第四段中put too much carbon in the atmosphere and you might end up cooking the earth, with possible catastrophic results（在大气中放太多的碳，你可能最终会可能会造成灾难性的后果）的句意，可知A选项“地球变得越来越暖，好像被二氧化碳排放的燃料点燃”最为恰当。第5题:主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲了石油、天然气和煤炭在能源供应中发挥着重要作用；第二段主要讲了石油的重要性及影响，提出了建造核反应堆应对石油危机的想法，因此排除A；第三段主要讲了减少拥堵和污染的方法，以及更便宜的核能替代品；最后一段主要讲了应对气候变化最好的方式是向天然气转变，因此B选项符合题意。6.单选题The doctors dont（ ）that the patient will live much longer.问题1选项A.entailB.manifestC.articulateD.anticipate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。entail意为“牵涉，需要”；manifest意为“显示，表明”；articulate意为“口齿清楚，清晰发(音)”；anticipate意为“预料，预期”。句意：医生们预计病人活不了多久了。7.单选题Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object?问题1选项A.do you think has happened for her?B.do you think the visiting professor is?C.do you think he earns every month?D.would you say he would come?【答案】C【解析】考查句子成分。题干：下面哪个斜体部分被用作宾语？A选项what作主语；B选项who作表语；C选项how much作宾语；D选项how quickly作状语。8.单选题Nanotechnology seems to hold the key that allows construction and building materials to（ ）the features of natural systems improved until perfection during millions of years.问题1选项A.replicateB.copycatC.pirateD.borrow【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。replicate意为“复制，再生”；copycat意为“盲目模仿者”；pirate意为“盗窃”；borrow意为“借用”。句意：纳米技术似乎掌握着关键，使建筑和建筑材料能够复制自然系统的特征，在数百万年中不断改善直到完美。9.单选题The medicine（ ）his pain but did not cure his illness.问题1选项A.activatedB.mediatedC.alleviatedD.deteriorated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。activate意为“使活动，触发”；mediate意为“调解，调停”；alleviate意为“减轻，缓和”；deteriorate意为“使恶化”。句意：药物缓解了他的疼痛，但并没有治愈他的疾病。10.单选题How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way as lie used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friend think we are odd or dull.What cause fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do our hair the way you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances, and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo. Look around, you and youll see that no else does either!1.The author thinks that people are （ ）.2.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to（ ）.3.Causes of fashions are（ ）.4.Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes（ ）.5.Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.satisfied with their appearanceB.concerned about appearance in old ageC.far from neglecting what is in fashionD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion问题2选项A.confidence in lifeB.personal dressC.individual hair styleD.personal future问题3选项A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable问题4选项A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality问题5选项A.Care about appearance in formal situations.B.Fashion in formal and informal situations.C.Ignoring appearance in informal situations.D.Ignoring appearance in all situations.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life.（当我们十几岁或二十出头的时候，我们的外表和我们对别人的表现可能比我们生命中的任何时候都更让我们担心）排除A、B选项；由第一段中Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.（我们中很少有人满足于接受我们自己的现状，很少有足够的勇气来忽略时尚的趋势）可知C选项“远远没有忽视时尚的东西”正确。第2题:细节事实题。由题干关键字magazines and TV定位到文章第二段中Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. 可知时尚杂志和电视广告把时尚与自信联系在一起，因此选A。第3题:推理判断题。由题干关键字cause定位到文章第三段中Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. 可知造成时尚变化的原因是有很多种，因此选B。第4题:推理判断题。由题干关键字freer and easier定位到文章第五段中Within reason, you can dress as you like or do our hair the way you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion.（出于某种原因，你可以用你喜欢的方式来装束，也可以用你喜欢的方式，或者用你喜欢的方式对待你的头发，而不是你所应该的方式，因为它是时尚）可知当今社会更尊重个人选择，强调个性，因此选D。第5题:主旨大意题。由文章最后一段第一句At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances, and then we must choose our clothes carefully.（同时，外表在某些情况下仍然很重要，所以我们必须谨慎地选择我们的衣服）以及后面作者的举例，可知在正式场合下需要注意着装，因此选A。