考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考前自测提分卷85(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题It is sometimes claimed that America is a_pot of different races.问题1选项A.burningB.burntC.meltingD.melted【答案】C【解析】句意：有人说美国是不同种族的大熔炉。melting pot为常用搭配, 所以选项C正确。 2.单选题He acknowledged that the_of financial support in the election took long hours of persuasion.问题1选项A.gestationB.enlistmentC.establishmentD.temperance【答案】B【解析】gestation怀孕, 酝酿；enlistment征募, 获得; establishment确立, 制定; temperance节欲, 戒酒。句意：他承认在选举中获得财政支持需要长时间的劝说。选项B符合句意。3.单选题Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it and this_produces artificial cold surrounding it.问题1选项A.absorptionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction【答案】A【解析】absorption吸收; transition过渡, 转变; consumption消费, 消耗; interaction相互作用。句意：水从固体变成液体, 会吸收附近所有物质的热量, 这种吸收会在周围产生人工寒潮。选项A符合句意。4.单选题It is ironic that the_insights of the great thinkers are voiced so often that they have become mere_.问题1选项A.original.clichesB.banal.beliefsC.dubious.habitsD.philosophical.questions【答案】A【解析】original.cliches原始的, 独创的 陈词滥调; banal.beliefs陈腐的 信仰; dubioushabits可疑的 习惯; philosophical.questions哲学的 问题。句意：具有讽刺意味的是, 伟大思想家的独到见解经常被人提出, 以至于成为陈词滥调。选项A符合句意。5.单选题The Bush Junta is using the_of Hurricane Katrina to cut the wages of people desperately trying to rebuild their lives and their communities.问题1选项A.dismantlementB.devastationC.scuttleD.wreckage【答案】B【解析】dismemberment分割，肢解; devastation毁坏；scuttle逃避；wreckage失事。句意：布什政府正利用Katrina飓风带来的破坏，削减那些拼命试图重建生活和社区的人们的工资。选项B符合句意。6.单选题Going Green After GrayVisanto Melina, R.D., got the surprise of her career last year, when the Seattle-based vegetarian nutritionist was asked to give a seminar on vegetarianism at a senior citizen center. I thought thered be four or five people. she says. Instead, the room was packed with seniors who had paid a $5 fee to hear her advice. And their interest in better health wasnt only keen; it was informed. Theyve obviously been paying attention to new research, she says.If Melina studied demographic trends for a living, she probably wouldnt have been so surprised. Trend watchers have verified an intriguing new phenomenon. Older people are turning to a vegetarian diet in ever-increasing numbers. Not surprisingly, demographics are driving the drift. By the year 2005, people born between 1949 and 1963 the Baby Boom Generation, will make up 38 percent of the American population. Furthermore, statistics suggest this educated, health-conscious, rebellious and relatively affluent contingent fits the traditional vegetarian profile. Add to the fact that older people seek natural, pleasant ways to combat problems associated with agingweight gain, higher cholesterol and blood pressure, increased cancer risk and impaired digestionand you have real motivation to go meatless, says Suzanne Havala, R.D., author of the American Dietetic Associations position paper on vegetarianism.Quantifying this new trend isnt easy, but a 1994 study by Health Focus Inc., an independent research organization based in Des Moines. Iowa, found that shoppers over age 50 are cutting down on their consumption of red meat or eliminating it from their diets entirely. More compelling evidence for the senior surge toward vegetarianism comes from vegetarian groups nationwide, which report a swell in the ranks of older vegetarians. For example, one out of five members of the new Syracuse (N.Y.) Area Vegetarian Education Society is over 50; unusually high for a fledgling organization. And two-thirds of the 850-member Vegetarian Society of Honolulu are also members of the American Association of Retired Persons, society executives say.An informal poll of older people suggests better health is often the main incentive and objective for turning veg. Three years ago Nancy Roberts, a 53-year-old magazine editor, found herself doing what many people do over the holidays: overindulging in rich treats. However, this time it made her in. The crash felt like the flu, she says. By chance, Roberts was asked to edit some vegetarian recipes during that same period. She made a few at home, and her flu disappeared.More dramatically, Ruth Heidrich believes vegetarianism saved her life. The 61 -year-old marathoner and triathlete was diagnosed with breast cancer 14 years ago, at age 47. When an initial biopsy indicated far more cancer than her doctors had thought, she was ready to take desperate measures. On the day of the diagnosis, she spotted a newspaper ad looking for volunteers to enroll in a study of breast cancer and diet, conducted by John McDougall, M.D., a leading advocate of the use of diet to fight disease. After meeting McDougall and reviewing what she says was an eight-inch thick file of statistics linking a high-fat diet with breast cancer, Heidrich converted from a traditional American diet to an extremely low-fat regimen with no animal products. I didnt even have skim milk on my cereal, she says. After a mastectomy and reconstructive surgery, she is cancer-free. She never had to undergo radiation treatment or chemotherapy and believes her strict vegetarian diet helped speed her recovery from surgery.1.What does Visanto Melina mean when she says the elderly citizens who attended her seminar were informed on the subject of better health?2.What does the author mean by saying demographics are driving the drift?3.Why did Nancy Roberts fall ill?4.How did Nancy Roberts recover from her illness?5.Why is the passage titled Going Green After Gray?问题1选项A.They had a clear understanding of the subject.B.They wanted more information on the subject.C.They were informed of the latest research on the subject.D.They were extremely knowledgeable about the latest developments on the subject.问题2选项A.The huge Baby Boom Generation have decided to become vegetarians.B.The growing trend toward vegetarianism is due to an increase in the number of older people.C.Senior citizens believe that going meatless is a natural and pleasant way to combat problems of aging.D.More and more people of all ages are going on a vegetarian diet to stay healthy.问题3选项A.Because she caught the flu.B.Because she overexerted herself during the holidays.C.Because she was on a high-fat diet.D.Because she ate too much rich food.问题4选项A.By going on an extremely low-fat regimen.B.By eating some vegetarian dishes at home.C.By not even having skim milk with her cereal.D.By following a strict vegetarian diet.问题5选项A.People who have gray hair like to eat vegetables.B.A vegetarian diet is good for elderly people.C.Older people tend to become vegetarians.D.Seniors like to attend seminars on vegetarianism.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段的最后两句Theyve obviously been paying attention to new research.他们显然一直在关注新的研究。选项D符合原文。2.根据文章第二段的内容可知, 老年人口成为素食主义者的数量在不断增加, 人口统计是素食主义者数量增加的推动力, 因为老年人口的数量在日益增加。选项B正确。3.根据文章第四段的二三句Three years ago Nancy Roberts,.it made her in.53岁的杂志编辑Nancy Roberts 跟其他人一样, 在假期里吃了太多的美味佳肴。很不幸这次却让她病倒了。所以选项D正确。4.根据文章第四段的最后两句By chance, Roberts ., and her flu disappeared.一次偶然的机会, Roberts被要求编辑一些素食食谱。她自己也在家做了一些, 她的病也随之好了。所以, Nancy是因为在家吃了素食所以病好了, 选项B符合原文。5.本文主要讲越来越多的老年人开始成为素食主义者。根据文章内容可推断, Green指的是健康的生活方式; Gray则是指代的老年人群体。所以选项C正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:7.单选题It wasnt until the late 19th century that physicians realized that its_symptoms were all part of the same disease.问题1选项A.perfunctoryB.peremptoryC.perplexingD.perambulatory【答案】C【解析】perfunctory敷衍的; peremptory强制的, 专横的; perplexing复杂的, 令人困惑的; perambulatory巡视的。句意：直到19世纪末, 医生们才意识到, 这些令人费解的症状都是同一种疾病的一部分。选项C符合句意。8.单选题For the longest time, I couldnt get worked up about privacy: my right to it; how its dying; how were headed for an even more wired, underregulated, overintrusive, privacy-deprived planet.I should also point out that as news director for Pathfinder, Time Inc.s mega info mall, and a guy who on the Web, I know better than most people that were hurtling toward an even more intrusive world. Were all being watched by computers whenever we visit Websites; by the mere act of browsing(it sounds so passive! ) were going public in a way that was unimaginable a decade ago. I know this because Im a watcher too. When people come to my Website,without ever knowing their names, I can peer over their shoulders,recording what they look at,timing how long they stay on a particular page,following them around Pathfinders sprawling offerings.None of this would bother me in the least, I suspect, if a few years ago, my phone, like Marleys ghost, hadnt given me a glimpse of the nightmares to come. On Thanksgiving weekend in 1995, someone (presumably a critic of a book my wife and I had just written about computer hackers) forwarded my home telephone number to an out-of-state answering machine,where unsuspecting callers trying to reach me heard a male voice identify himself as me and say some extremely rude things. Then,with typical hacker aplomb,the prankster asked people to leave their messages (which to my surprise many callers,including my mother,did). This went on for several days until my wife and I figured out that something was wrong (Hey.why hasnt the phone rung since Wednesday? ) and got our phone service restored.It seemed funny at first,and it gave us a swell story to tell on our book tour. But the interloper who seized our telephone line continued to hit us even after the tour ended. And hit us again and again for the next six months. The phone company seemed powerless. Its security folks moved us to one unlisted number after another,half a dozen times. They put special pin codes in place. They put traces on the line. But the troublemaker kept breaking through.If our hacker had been truly evil and omnipotent as only fictional movie hackers are, there would probably have been even worse ways he could have threatened my privacy. He could have sabotaged my credit rating. He could have eavesdropped on my telephone conversations or siphoned off my E-mail. He could have called in my mortgage, discontinued my health insurance or obliterated my Social Security number. Like Sandra Bullock in The Net J could have been a digital untouchable, wandering the planet without a connection to the rest of humanity. (Although if I didnt have to pay back school loans,it might be worth it. Just a thought.)Still,I remember feeling violated at the time and as powerless as a minnow in a flash flood. Someone was invading my private spacemy familys private spaceand there was nothing I or the authorities could do. It was as close to a technological epiphany as I have ever been. And as I watched my personal digital hell unfold, it struck me that our privacymine and yourshas already disappeared, not in one Big Brotherly blitzkrieg but in Little Brotherly moments, bit by bit.Losing control of your telephone, of course, is the least of it. After all, most of us voluntarily give out our phone number and address when we allow ourselves to be listed in the White Pages. Most of us go a lot further than that. We register our whereabouts whenever we put a bank card in an ATM machine or drive through an E-Z Pass lane on the highway. We submit to being photographed every day20 times a day on average if you live or work in New York City一by surveillance cameras. We make public our interests and our purchasing habits every time we shop by mail order or visit a commercial Website. 1.What information do you learn about the author that establishes him as an authority on this topic?2.Which of the following problems has the author experienced?3.According to the passage,the hackers in the movie would conduct following thing EXCEPT（） .4.The writer cited his experience to show that（） .5.Because of advances in todays technology,the right to privacy could be compromised in the following areas EXCEPT（） .问题1选项A.He has suffered a lot in losing his privacy.B.He makes his living off of the Web.C.He knows how to monitor his account.D.He and his wife published a book concerning computer hackers.问题2选项A.Someone got information from his medical files and sent him brochures on health products he may want to buy.B.Someone used the motor-vehicle registration records on his car to find his home address.C.Someone rerouted his telephone calls to another number without his knowledge.D.Someone sent an e-mail message that destroyed the files on his computer.问题3选项A.eavesdroppingB.damaging a Social Security numberC.threatening in a flash floodD.making a person information disappear in the date base问题4选项A.the authorized organization could solve the problem by offering timely helpB.the interloper would be kept back sooner or laterC.the government took personal privacy bit by bitD.he would lose his privacy gradually问题5选项A.purchasingB.bankingC.telephone useD.recruitment【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.根据第二段的第一句“I should also point out that as news director for Pathfinder,Time Inc.s mega info mall, and a guy who on the Web,.”作为时代公司旗下大型信息商城开创者的新闻总监和一个在网上谋生的人, 我应该指出.所以选项B正确。2.根据第三段的第二句“someone forwarded my home telephone number to an out-of-state answering machine,.”可知, 有人将作者的住宅电话号码转到了州外的答录机上, 选项C符合原文。3.根据第五段的内容可知, 科幻电影中的黑客会破坏被害人的信誉评价, 窃听电话, 截取邮件, 收回抵押, 停止健康保险或者删除社会保险号, 甚至断绝被害人与其他人的联系, 使其信息消失在数据库中。所以选项A, B, D均有提及, 只有选项C是作者打的一个比喻, 形容被侵犯的感觉, 所以本题选C。4.根据倒数第二段的最后一句“And as I watched my personal digital hell unfold, it struck me that our privacymine and yourshas already disappeared,not in one Big Brotherly blitzkrieg but in Little Brotherly moments,bit by bit.”作者引用自己的经历意在说明他的隐私, 包括大家的隐私, 都在逐渐消失, 选项D符合原文。5.根据最后一段的内容可知, 我们在购物、取款和使用电话时隐私权都会受到侵犯, 只有选项D在文中没有提及, 所以本题选D。9.单选题CNBC,the cable business network,and the New York Times have joined forces to create an alliance against a common_: Rupert Murdochs News Corp.问题1选项A.voidB.foeC.cockpitD.gist【答案】B【解析】void空间,空虚; foe反对者, 敌人,对手; cockpit驾驶员座舱, 战场; gist主旨,要点。句意：有线商业网络CNBC（消费者新闻与商业频道）和纽约时报联手创建了一个联盟来对抗共同的竞争对手: Rupert Murdoch的新闻集团。选项B符合句意。10.单选题For the first time,we found_that allow us to connect the first phase of human evolution and the second phase.问题1选项A.theoriesB.morassesC.frescosD.fossils【答案】D【解析】theory理论, 学说; morass沼泽; fresco壁画; fossil化石。句意：我们第一次发现了化石, 它使我们能够把人类进化的第一阶段和第二阶段联系起来。选项D符合句意。