考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考前自测提分卷80(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, there are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.问题1选项A.intriguingB.exasperatingC.demonstrativeD.unprovoked【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据句意可知，划线部分词应该为贬义，首先排除选项A和C；其次如果选B，这里应该指让人感到愤怒的，用-ed的形式，所以选项B不正确；选项D正确，指无缘无故的，符合语境。2.单选题The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrolet Novato the Puerto Rican market. “Nova” is Latin for “new (star)” and means “star” in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like “nova”, meaning “it doesnt go”. Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales “picked up” dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. One American food companys friendly “Jolly Green Giant” (for advertising vegetables) became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”.When translated into German, Pepsis popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi” came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave”. No wonder customers in Germany didnt rush out to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesnt stop with good translationsother aspects of culture must be researched and understood if marketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new perfume into the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The main reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called “back translation” to reduce the possibility of blunders.The process used one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be short and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.1.The best title of this passage might be （ ）.2.What does the word “blunder” mean in this passage?3.Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6?4.We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “camellia” most probably means （ ）.5.One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to（ ）问题1选项A.Culture Is Very Important in AdvertisingB.Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between NationsC.Overcome Cultural Shock in Different CountriesD.Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles问题2选项A.Hesitation.B.Mistake.C.Stutter.D.Default.问题3选项A.Cultural shocks.B.Faulty translations.C.Avoid cultural oversights.D.Prevent blunders.问题4选项A.an animal used in perfume for its smellB.a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funeralsC.a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funeralsD.an ornament used in perfume and at funerals问题5选项A.fire the translators who dont know the target languageB.use the technique called “literal translation” to reduce the possibility of blundersC.avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokesD.explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲太多公司在没有了解国外的语言和文化情况下进行营销，付出了昂贵的代价。也就是说文化在广告中是很重要的。选项A正确。2.语义题。根据第五段第一句“Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies.”再根据后面举例的内容可以推测，这里是指犯了营销的错误。所以选项B与之意思最为相近。3.段落主旨题。根据原文可知，第三段到第六段主要是讲：翻译错误是国际广告中许多错误的核心。第三段是中心句，后面的段落是举例说明，所以选项B正确。4.语义题。根据第九段的内容，一位美国设计师试图将一种新的香水引入拉丁美洲市场，但该产品几乎没有引起人们的兴趣。主要原因是，在南美许多国家， “the camellia used in it”传统上用于葬礼。it指的是香水，那么用于香水里面的应该是制作香水的原材料。所以选项C正确。5.细节推理题。根据最后五个段落的内容可知，为了防止不同国家的广告出现错误的方法，我们需要避免文化上的疏忽，也需要避免开玩笑。选项C符合原文。3.单选题Financial statement is a financial report or record（ ） usually on a quarterly and annually basis which provides an individuals, an organizations, or bussinesss financial states.问题1选项A.completedB.compiledC.collatedD.contested【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。complete完成 compiled编译的 collate核对，校对 contest竞赛，争夺。句意：财务报表是一种编译好的财务报告或记录。通常以季度或年度为单位，给个人，企业单位或商户提供财务报告。空格处所填单词为形容词做后置定语修饰report or record。答案B。4.单选题Melissa is a computer （ ）that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.问题1选项A.geniusB.virusC.diseaseD.bacteria【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析和上下文语义。根据下句“destroyed files in computers”可推测Melissa是一种计算机病毒，选项B符合语境。5.单选题（ ） the gift in beautiful green paper, Sarah departed for the party.问题1选项A.Having wrappedB.To wrapC.WrapD.Wrapping【答案】A【解析】这里是动词的现在分词作伴随状语，根据主句的时态可知，本句应用现在完成时。所以选项A正确。6.单选题The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic industrial wastes.问题1选项A.imminentB.recyclableC.smellyD.poisonous【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。toxic指有毒的，所以选项D正确。7.单选题He wouldnt even think of wearing clothes;（ ） they make him look so old!问题1选项A.sameB.despiteC.suchD.that【答案】D【解析】用that从句表原因，所以选项D正确。8.单选题In 1987, H.I.V/AIDS joined a list of diseases that could keep a person out of the United States. The government later tried to cancel, its decision, but congress made the travel ban a part of immigration law. People with H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS, could seek an exception, but that meant extra work.Last year, Congress and President George W. Bush began the process of ending the travel ban. Now President Obama is finishing the process.BARACK OBAMA : “We talk about reducing the stigma of this disease, yet we have treated a visitor living with it as a threat. We lead the world when it comes to helping the AIDS pandemic, yet we are only a dozen countries that still bar people H.I.V. from entering our country.”A final rule published Monday will end the travel ban effective January fourth. H.I.V. will no longer be a condition that can exclude people. And H.I.V. testing will no longer for those who need a medical examination for immigration purposes. AIDS has killed more than twenty-five people since the early 1980s.In September, there was news that a vaccine showed some ability to prevent H.I.V. infection in humans for the first time. The full results of the vaccine study were presented in later October at an international conference in Paris. They were also reported in the New England Journal of Medicine. The researchers confirmed that the study in Thailand produced only “modest” results.The United States Army sponsored the vaccine trial. The study combined two vaccines, using versions of H.I.V. common in Thailand. Neither vaccine alone had shown success in earlier studies.Thai researchers tested the combination in more than 16, 000 volunteers. Half of the volunteers got the vaccine. The others got a placebo, an inactive substance. All were given condoms and counseling on AIDS prevention for three years. The study found 31 percent fewer cases of infection in the vaccine group than in the placebo group.But critics said the findings could possibly have resulted from chance. The announcement in September was based on all 16, 000 volunteers. Almost one-third of them, however didnt follow all the required steps in the study. Results just from those who did were similar to the larger group, but the influence of chance is way more of a possibility.Still, the researchers said the study produced enough valuable information to offer new hopes for AIDS research.1.According to the article,（ ）did not want people with H. I. V. virus to seek entry to America twenty years ago.2.According to this article, it was（ ）who sponsored that medical experiment to find vaccine for H. I. V. carriers.3.From the article we can infer that 8,000 volunteers in（ ）were given the vaccine.4.According to the article, which one of the following statements is true?5.According to the critics, the findings of the test（ ）.问题1选项A.George BushB.ObamaC.the CongressD.the Senate问题2选项A.the Thai GovernmentB.the French GovernmentC.the scientist from New EnglandD.the United States Army问题3选项A.ThailandB.the United States of AmericaC.FranceD.Canada问题4选项A.America was the only country that prevented people with H. I. V. from entering the country.B.Only a few countries refused to issue entry visa to people with H. I. V.C.The conference held in Paris was on AIDS prevention.D.The vaccine test conducted in Thailand produced important results.问题5选项A.has produced enough valuable informationB.should not be taken seriouslyC.has produced reliable statisticsD.has paved a solid foundation for further research【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句“The government later tried to cancel, its decision, but congress made the travel ban a part of immigration law.”政府后来试图取消这一规定，但国会将旅行禁令作为移民法的一部分。由此可知，选项C正确。2.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句“The United States Army sponsored the vaccine trial.”美国军方赞助了疫苗试验。由此可知，选项D正确。3.事实细节题。根据第七段的一二句“Thai researchers tested the combination in more than 16, 000 volunteers. Half of the volunteers got the vaccine. The others got a placebo.”泰国研究人员对1.6万多名志愿者进行了测试。一半的志愿者接种了疫苗。另一半则使用安慰剂。由此可知选项A正确。4.是非判断题。根据第三段最后一句“yet we are only a dozen countries that still bar people H.I.V. from entering our country.”我国（美国）也是仅有的十几个禁止艾滋病人入境的国家之一。由此可知，选项A错误，选项B正确；根据第五段第二句“The full results of the vaccine study were presented in later October at an international conference in Paris.”可知，在巴黎举行的会议是公布研究结果而不是预防艾滋，所以选项C错误；根据第五段最后一句“The researchers confirmed that the study in Thailand produced onlymodestresults.”研究人员证实，在泰国进行的这项研究只产生了“温和”的结果，所以选项D也错误。5.事实细节题。根据倒数第二段第一句“But critics said the findings could possibly have resulted from chance.”批评人士表示，这些发现可能是偶然的。选项B符合原文。9.单选题Tom Jones, who（ ） around the world, will come to Asia next month.问题1选项A.will be touringB.have touredC.had been touringD.has been touring【答案】D【解析】根据句意可知，这里是已经开始并持续进行的动作，所以应该用现在完成进行时。选项D正确。10.翻译题The opening of Disneyland will bring many associated investment opportunities. At least four economic sectors will benefit directly. First, property markets. Housing and commercial real estate prices around the Disneyland area are already rising. Second, the tourism sector. After the opening, analysts expect 3 to 5 million more tourists will visit Shanghai every year, bring more business to hotels, travel agencies and retails. Third, brand marketing will give a boost to toy manufactures, publishers and the gaming industry. Fourth, construction companies and material suppliers will enjoy a huge increase, comparable to the 2010 Shanghai world Expo. Disneylands first phase of construction is expected to cost 24 billion yuan.【答案】迪士尼在上海开园会带来许多相关的投资机会。至少有四个经济领域将直接受益。首先是房地产市场。迪士尼乐园周围的地产商业价格已经上涨。其次是旅游业。开园后，分析师预测每年有300万到500万甚至更多的游客将访问上海，这给酒店、旅行社和零售商带来更多的生意。再次，品牌营销将促进玩具制造业、出版业和游戏行业的发展。不仅如此，施工企业和材料供应商的业务量将大幅度增长，堪比2010年上海世博会。迪士尼乐园的第一期工程预计将耗资240亿人民币。