考研考博-考博英语-江西财经大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷22（附带答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-江西财经大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题John will（ ）if the firm needs an IT engineer because he can encode programs for the firm.问题1选项A.come into his ownB.come into beingC.keep to himselfD.hold the stage【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项come into ones own“得到重视；得到自己该得的东西；受到尊敬；被承认”；B选项come into being“形成；产生”；C选项keep to oneself“保守秘密；不交际”；D选项hold the stage“继续上演，引人注目；没完没了地讲话；卖座不衰”。根据句意可推测，约翰会编程，因此当公司需要信息技术工程师的时候，他就会被公司赏识，因此A选项正确。句意：如果公司需要一名信息技术工程师，约翰会得到重视，因为他可以为公司编写程序。2.单选题They hope to be able to move into the new building at the end of month, but things did not （ ） as they had expected.问题1选项A.work outB.work atC.work onD.work off【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项work out“解决；算出；实现；制定出；消耗完；弄懂；锻炼”；B选项work at“从事于；致力于”；C选项work on“影响，对起作用；继续工作；从事于”；D选项work off“售出；清理，排除；渐渐地清除；冒充”。句意：他们希望能在月底搬进新楼，但事情没有如他们预料的那样顺利。因此A选项正确。3.单选题Now scientists cannot realize （ ）soon that existing scientific knowledge is not nearly so complete, certain and unalterable as many textbooks seem to imply.问题1选项A.soB.veryC.tooD.as【答案】C【解析】cannot.too.“无论怎样也不过分”“越越好”。本句意为：“现有的科学知识并不像课本中所说的那么完善、肯定、不可改变，对于这一点科学家认识得越早越好。”其他选项均无此搭配。4.单选题The governments inability to （ ） its own laws and regulations disappointed the electorate.问题1选项A.guaranteeB.strikeC.sanctionD.enforce【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项guarantee“保证，承诺”；B选项strike“撞击；打”；C选项sanction“制裁，处罚；认可；支持”；D选项enforce“实施，执行”。句意：政府无法执行自己的法律法规令选民失望。由空格后的关键词“laws and regulations法律和法规”可知“实施”符合句意，因此D选项正确。5.单选题Some of the ideas are very simple and sound intuitively plausible. The underlined part means（ ）.问题1选项A.directlyB.reasonablyC.franklyD.instinctively【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项directly“直接地；立即；马上”；B选项reasonably“合理地；相当地；适度地”；C选项frankly“坦率地；老实说”；D选项instinctively“本能地”。intuitively意为“直观地；直觉地”，D选项的意思最为接近。句意：有些想法非常简单，听起来觉得很有道理。6.单选题Able to go almost anywhere, even over the mountainous Allegheny barrier, the railroad（ ）terrain and weather.问题1选项A.defiedB.resistedC.counterpoisedD.suppressed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项defy“藐视；公然反抗；挑衅”；B选项resist“抵抗，抗拒；忍耐”；C选项counterpoise“使平衡；均衡”；D选项suppress“抑制；镇压；废止”。句意：几乎可以去任何地方，甚至可以越过阿勒格尼山脉，铁路 地形和天气。根据句意可知，这里是指铁路可以不受地形和天气的影响，即“藐视”地形和天气，A选项正确。7.单选题Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Just over a decade into the 21st century, womens progress can be celebrated across a range of fields. They hold the highest political offices from Thailand to Brazil, Costa Rica to Australia. A woman holds the top spot at the International Monetary Fund; another won the Nobel Prize in economics. Self-made billionaires in Beijing, tech innovators in Silicon Valley, pioneering justices in Ghana-in these and countless other areas, women are leaving their mark.But hold the applause. In Saudi Arabia, women arent allowed to drive. In Pakistan, 1,000 women die in honor killings every year. In the developed world, women lag behind men in pay and political power. The poverty rate among women in the U.S. rose to 14.5% last year.To measure the state of womens progress. Newsweek ranked 165 countries, looking at five areas that affect womens lives: treatment under the law, workforce participation, political power, and access to education and health care. Analyzing data from the United Nations and the World Economic Forum, among others, and consulting with experts and academics, we measured 28 factors to come up with our rankings.Countries with the highest scores tend to be clustered in the West, where gender discrimination is against the law, and equal rights are constitutionally enshrined (神圣化). But there were some surprises. Some otherwise high-ranking countries had relatively low scores for political representation. Canada ranked third overall but 26th in power, behind countries such as Cuba and Burundi. Does this suggest that a woman in a nations top office translates to better lives for women in general? Not exactly. “Trying to quantify or measure the impact of women in politics is hard because in very few countries have there been enough women in politics to make a difference,” says Anne-Marie Goetz, peace and security adviser for U.N. Women.Of course, no index can account for everything. Declaring that one country is better than another in the way that it treats more than half its citizens means relying on broad strokes and generalities. Some things simply cant be measured. And cross-cultural comparisons cant account for differences of opinion.Certain conclusions are nonetheless clear. For one thing, our index backs up a simple but profound statement made by Hillary Clinton at the recent Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit. “When we liberate the economic potential of women, we elevate the economic performance of communities, nations, and the world,” she said. “There is a stimulative effect that kicks in when women have greater access to jobs and the economic lives of our countries: Greater political stability. Fewer military conflicts. More food. More educational opportunity for children. By harnessing the economic potential of all women, we boost opportunity for all people.21. What does the author think about womens progress so far?22. In what countries have women made the greatest progress?23. What do Newsweek rankings reveal about women in Canada?24. What does Anne-Marie Goetz think of a woman being in a nations top office?25. What does Hillary Clinton suggest we do to make the world a better place?问题1选项A.It still leaves much to be desired.B.It is too remarkable to be measured.C.It has greatly changed womens fate.D.It is achieved through hard struggle.问题2选项A.Where women hold key posts in government.B.Where womens rights are protected by law.C.Where womens participation in management is high.D.Where women enjoy better education and health care.问题3选项A.They care lite about political participation.B.They are generally treated as equals by men.C.They have a surprisingly low social status.D.They are underrepresented in politics.问题4选项A.It does not necessarily raise womens political awareness.B.It does not guarantee a better life for the nations women.C.It enhances womens status.D.It boosts womens confidence.问题5选项A.Give women more political power.B.Stimulate womens creativity.C.Allow women access to education.D.Tap womens economic potential.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】21、【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“womens progress”可定位到第一段的第一句话“Just over a decade into the 21st century, womens progress can be celebrated across a range of fields”（21世纪刚刚过去10年，女性在各个领域都取得了进步），然后第一段紧接着介绍了女性取得了哪些进步。再根据第二段第一句话“But hold the applause”（但是别急着鼓掌）可知第二段又讲述了在某些国家女性的状况没有那么好。所以可以推测本题女性虽然取得了进步，但是还不够，即A选项“还有需要进步的地方”；B、C、D选项没有原文依据，所以排除。因此A选项正确。22、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干“countries have women made the greatest progress”可定位到第四段第一句话“Countries with the highest scores tend to be clustered in the West, where gender discrimination is against the law, and equal rights are constitutionally enshrined (神圣化)”（得分最高的国家往往集中在西方，那里性别歧视是违法的以及宪法保护男女平等权利），所以B选项“妇女权利受到法律保护”说法正确。女性担任国家最高职务不完全意味着总体上女性的生活会更好，所以可以排除A、C选项；D选项不符合题意。因此B选项正确。23、【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“Newsweek rankings”定位到第三段的第二句话“Newsweek ranked 165 countries”。根据上下文都是讲的排名情况，再由第四段“Canada ranked third overall but 26th in power”可知是对前文的举例说明，即“Some otherwise high-ranking countries had relatively low scores for political representation”（其他一些排名靠前的国家在政治代表方面的得分相对较低），也就是表明加拿大的女性在政治代表方面的得分较低，因此D选项“她们在政治上的代表不足”符合题意。A、B、C选项与加拿大的情况无关，所以排除。因此D选项正确。24、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词定位到本文的第四段。根据上下文可知，引用Anne-Marie Goetz的话是为了说明前面的内容，即第四段倒数第二句话“Does this suggest that a woman in a nations top office translates to better lives for women in general? Not exactly”（这是否意味着，女性担任国家最高职务就意味着总体上女性的生活会更好？不完全是。）因此B选项“它不能保证这个国家的妇女过上更好的生活”说法正确。其余选项在原文中无相关表述。因此B选项正确。25、【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“Hillary Clinton”定位到第六段第二句话，紧接着第三句话为她的观点即“When we liberate the economic potential of women, we elevate the economic performance of communities, nations, and the world, she saidfor all people”，以上均为make the world a better place的具体表现，但是总结来说就是D选项“挖掘女性经济潜力”，且tap为harnessing的近义词。A、B、C选项不是Hillary Clinton的建议，她的建议主要是在经济领域，所以排除。因此D选项正确。8.单选题Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Texting has long been bemoaned (哀叹) as the downfall of the written word, “penmanship for illiterates,” as one critic called it. To which the proper response is LOL. Texting properly isnt writing at all. Its a “spoken” language that is getting richer and more complex by the year.First, some historical perspective. Writing was only invented 5,500 years ago, whereas language probably traces back at least 80,000 years. Thus talking came first; wring is just a craft that came along later. As such, the first writing was based on the way people talk, with short sentences. However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow. Over time, writers took advantage of this and started crafting long-winded sentences such as this one: “The whole engagement lasted above 12 hours, till the gradual retreat of the Persians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal leaders and”No one talks like that casuallyor should. But it is natural to desire to do so for special occasions. In the old days, we didnt much write like talking because there was no mechanism to reproduce the speed of conversation. But texting and instant messaging doand a revolution has begun. It involves the crude mechanics of writing, but in its economy, spontaneity and even vulgarity, texting is actually a new kind of talking, with its own kind of grammar and conventions.Take LOL. It doesnt actually mean “laughing out loud” in a literal sense anymore. LOL has evolved into something much subtler and sophisticated and is used even when nothing is remotely amusing. Joeelyn texts “Where have you been?” and Annabelle texts back “LOL at the library studying for two hours.” LOL signal basic empathy (同感) between texters, easing tension and creating a sense of equality. Instead of having a literal meaning, it does somethingconveying an attitudejust like the -ed ending conveys past tense rather than “meaning” anything. LOL, of all things, is grammar.Of course no one thinks about that consciously. But then most of communication operates without being noticed. Over time, the meaning of a word or an expression driftsmeat used to mean any kind of food, silly used to mean, believe it or not, blessed.Civilization, then, is finepeople banging away on their smartphones are fluently using a code separate from the one they use in actual writing, and there is no evidence that texting is ruining composition skills. Worldwide people speak differently from the way they write, and textingquick, casual and only intended to be read onceis actually a way of talking with your fingers.16. What do critics say about texting?17. In what way does the author say writing is different from talking?18. Why is LOL much used in texting?19. Examples like meat and silly are cited to show（ ）.20. What does the author think of texting?问题1选项A.It is mainly confined to youngsters.B.It competes with traditional writing.C.It will ruin the written language.D.It is often hard to understand.问题2选项A.It is crafted with specific skills.B.It expresses ideas more accurately.C.It does not have as long a history.D.It is not as easy to comprehend.问题3选项A.It brings texters closer to each other.B.It shows the texters sophistication.C.It is a trendy way to communicate.D.It adds to the humor of the text.问题4选项A.the difference between writing and talkingB.how differently words are used in textingC.why people use the words the way they doD.the gradual change of word meaning问题5选项A.It facilitates exchange of ideas among people.B.It is a new form of verbal communication.C.It deteriorates peoples composition skills.D.It hastens the decline of the written word.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】16、【试题答案】 C【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“critics”定位到文章的第一段第一句话“Texting has long been bemoaned as the downfall of the written word, “penmanship for illiterates,” as one critic called it”（长久以来，短信一直被认为是书面文字的衰落，一位评论家称它为“文盲的书法”）。选项C“它会破坏了书面语言”对应这句话中的the downfall of the written word。A、B、D与评论家的说法无关，所以排除。因此C选项正确。17、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“writing is different from talking”可定位到第二段第五句话“However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow”（然而，说话很大程度上是潜意识的、快速的，而写作则是深思熟虑的、缓慢的）可知deliberate这个词来看，与B选项表达中的accurately最接近，所以最佳选项为B选项。A、D选项在文中没有相关表述；C选项关于写作的历史第二段开头可知，写作是位于谈话之后的，历史也是很长的，所以排除。因此B选项正确。18、【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“LOL”我们定位到文章中第四段第五句话“LOL signal basic empathy(同感) between texters, easing tension and creating a sense of equality”（LOL代表了发信息的人之间基本的同感，以及缓和紧张气氛和找到公平的感觉）可知那么“同感”就对应着选项A中的closer to each other，即让人与人之间的距离更近。所以最佳选项为A选项。LOL一开始的字面意义为“笑出来了”，甚至在没什么好玩的时候也会使用它，但没有关于其幽默的表述，所以排除D选项；B、C选项没有原文依据，所以排除。因此A选项正确。19、【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“meat and silly”可定位到第五段第三句话“Over time, the meaning of a word or an expression driftsmeat used to mean any kind of food, silly used to mean, believe it or not, blessed”（随着时间的推移，一个单词或短语的含义也在不断变化meat被用来表示任何一种食物，silly被用来表示，信不信由你，上天保佑）可知这是个举例，而其观点在前面部分，即“the meaning of a word or an expression drifts”所以meat and silly显示出了词语意义的变化。Drift对应着D选项中的change。A、B、C均不符合题意，所以排除。因此D选项正确。20、【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句话“Its a spoken language that is getting richer and more complex by the year”（这是一种“口语”语言，它正变得越来越丰富和复杂）以及最后一段最后一句话“Worldwide people speak differently from the way they write, and textingquick, casual and only intended to be read onceis actually a way of talking with your fingers”（世界各地的人们说话的方式和书写的方式大不相同。短信快速、随意、只供阅读一次的短信其实是用手指在说话）可知这两句话都处于文章表达观点的段落，表达的意思为它是一种新的语言交流形式，和B选项构成同义的关系。所以最佳选项是B选项。A选项“它促进了人们之间思想的交流”在文中有提及，但不能概括全篇内容；C选项说法错误，文中提到没有证据表明短信正在破坏写作技巧；D选项体现在本文第一句，但是不是作者的想法，所以排除。因此B选项正确。9.单选题Directions: Reading the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank from the four choices marked A, B, C or D.A four-year college degree, seen for generations as a ticket to a better life, is（11）enough to guarantee a steadily rising paycheck.Just ask Bea Dewing. After she earned a bachelors degreehis secondin computer science from Marylands Frostburg State University in 1986, she enjoyed almost unbroken advance in（12）, eventually earning $89,000 a year as a data modeler for Sprint Corp in Lawrence, Ken. Then, in 2002, Sprint laid her off.“I thought I might be looking a few weeks or months at most,” says Ms. Dewing, now 56 years old.（13）she spent the next six years in a career wilderness, starting in internet cafe that didnt succeed, working（14）job and low-end positions in data processing, and fruitlessly（15）hundreds of job postings. The low point came around 2004 when a recruiter for Sprintnow known as Sprint Nextel Corp.called seeking to fill a job similar to the one she（16）two years earlier, but paying barely a third of her old salary.In April, Ms. Dewing finally landed a job（17）her old one in the information technology department of Wal-Mart Store Inc.s headquarters in Bentonville, Ark, where she relocated. She（18）about 20% less than she did in 2002, adjusted for inflation, but considers herself fortunate, and wiser.A degree, she says, “isnt any big guarantee of employment, its a basic（19）, a step you have to take to（20）be considered for many professional jobs.” A college degree may not take you as far as youd expect, although there may still be a few fields where a bachelors degree still remains a worthy investment.问题1选项A.definitelyB.no longerC.rarelyD.impossible问题2选项A.securityB.promotionC.benefitsD.wages问题3选项A.FurthermoreB.DespiteC.InsteadD.And问题4选项A.temporaryB.variousC.similarD.technical问题5选项A.responded toB.responding forC.responding toD.respond through问题6选项A.gotB.gave upC.lostD.secured问题7选项A.related toB.similar toC.compared withD.in contrast with问题8选项A.earnsB.contributesC.offersD.pays问题9选项A.qualityB.requirementC.promiseD.possibility问题10选项A.justB.thoughC.yetD.even【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C第6题:C第7题:B第8题:A第9题:B第10题:D【解析】11. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项definitely“清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地”；B选项no longer“不再”；C选项rarely“很少地；难得；罕有地”；D选项impossible“不可能的；不可能存在的”。句意：四年制本科学位在多少代人的眼中都被看作是通往美好生活的门票，而现在，它已不再能保证薪水的稳定增长了。根据句意，此处有转折的含义，因此B选项正确。12. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查上下文语义与词义辨析。A选项security“安全，安全性；保证；证券；抵押品”；B选项promotion“提升，晋升；促销；促进”；C选项benefit“利益，好处”；D选项wage“工资；报酬”。句意：她几乎不间断地享受加薪。由空格后的关键词“earning $89,000 a year年薪89000美元”可知“工资”符合句意，因此D选项正确。13. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项furthermore“此外；而且”；B选项despite“即使，尽管”；C选项instead“反而；相反”；D选项and“和；然后”。句意：但恰恰相反，接下来的六年中她在求职道路上处处碰壁。由上文“I thought I might be looking a few weeks or months at most我觉得自己最多只要几周或几个月时间就能找到工作”，可推知此处表转折，instead“反而；相反”符合句意，因此C选项正确。14. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查上下文语义与词义辨析。A选项temporary“ 暂时的，临时的”；B选项various“各种各样的；多方面的”；C选项similar“相似的”；D选项technical“工艺的，科技的”。句意：从事数据处理方面的临时工作和低端职位。“暂时的”符合句意，因此A选项正确。15. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查语法和词义辨析。A选项respond to“响应；回答；对反应”；B选项respond for“作出反应/响应”；C选项与A选项相同；D选项respond through“通过反应/响应”。句意：也曾经回复过数百个职位招聘广告，但都无功而返。这里要表达的意思是“responding to hundreds of job postings曾经回复过数百个职位招聘广告”，且“responding to”和前文的“starting” “working”为并列结构，因此C选项正确。16. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查上下文语义和词义辨析。A选项get“获得；受到；变成”；B选项give up“放弃；交出”；C选项lose“浪费；使沉溺于；使迷路；遗失；错过”；D选项secure“保护”。句意：最低潮的时候是在2004年左右，斯普林特现在的Sprint Nextel Corp.的一个招聘人员打来电话，职位与她两年前失去的工作类似，但薪水只有她原先的三分之一。根据上文可知，杜因两年前曾经失去过一份工作，因此C选项正确。17. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查上下文语义和词组辨析。A选项relate to“与有关”；B选项similar to“与相似；和相同”；C选项compare with“与相比较”；D选项in contrast with“与形成对比；与相比”。句意：杜因终于在阿肯色州本顿维尔的沃尔玛连锁公司（Wal-Mart Stores Inc.）总部的信息技术部门找到了一份与老本行差不多的工作。句子要表达的是“一份与之前工作相似的工作”，“similar to与相似”符合句意，因此B选项正确。18. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查上下文语义和词义辨析。A选项earn“赚；获得；挣得”；B选项contribute“贡献；有助于”；C选项offer“提供；出价”；D选项pay“支付；给予”。句意：她现在的薪水经通胀因素调整后比2002年的薪水低了20%左右。根据上下文可知“earn赚；获得；挣得”符合句意，因此A选项正确。19. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项quality“质量，品质；特性；才能”；B选项requirement“要求；必要条件；必需品”；C选项promise“许诺，允诺；希望”；D选项possibility“可能性”。句意：学位并不是找到工作的大保证，它是一项基本要求，甚至是许多专业职位考虑聘用你时必须采取的一步。“requirement要求”符合句意，因此B选项正确。20. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项just“ 只是，仅仅”；B选项though“虽然，尽管”；C选项yet“还；但是；已经”；D选项even“甚至，即使”。句意：学位并不是找到工作的大保证，它是一项基本要求，甚至是许多专业职位考虑聘用你时必须采取的一步。根据句意可知even“甚至”正确，因此D选项正确。10.单选题In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw, having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.Thats a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nations early leaders and the fragile nature of the countrys infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong and yet most did