考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷50（附带答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题The United States is a country made up of many different races. Usually they are mixed together and cant be told from one another. But many of them still talk about where their ancestors came from. It is something they are proud of.The original Americans, of course were the Indians. The so-called white men who then came were mostly from England. But many came from other countries like Germany and France.One problem the United States has always had is discrimination. As new groups came to the United States they found they were discriminated against. First it was the Irish and Italians. Later it was the blacks. Almost every group has been able to finally escape this discrimination. The only immigrants who have not are the blacks. Surprisingly enough the worst discrimination today is shown towards the Indians.One reason the Indians are discriminated against is that they have tried so hard to keep their identity. Of course they are not the only ones who have done so. The Japanese have their Little Tokyo in Los Angeles and the Chinese a Chinatown in New York. The Dutch settlement in Pennsylvania also stays separate from other people. Their towns are like something from the 19th century. They have a different reason from the other groups for staying separately. They live separately for religious reasons rather than keep together in a racial group.Although some groups have kept themselves separate and others have been discriminated against, all groups have helped make the United States a great county. There is no group that has not helped in some way. And there is no group that can say they have done the most to make it a great country.Many people still come from other countries to help the United States grow. A good example is the American project that let a man walk on the moon. It was a scientist from Germany who was most responsible for doing that. It is certain that in the future the United States will still need the help of people from all racial groups to remain a great country.1.Which of the following statements can best describe the main idea of this passage?2.In the first paragraph the word “told” means （ ）.3.This passage implies that discrimination is a problem which （ ）.4.The main reason why the Indians are most discriminated against is that （ ）.5.The Dutch live separately in Pennsylvania （ ）.问题1选项A.The United States is a country made up of many different races.B.Discrimination is the most serious problem in the United States.C.All races in the United States have helped make the country a great one.D.The prosperity of the United States is mainly due to the hard work of the most discriminated races.问题2选项A.separatedB.distinguishedC.revealedD.made known问题3选项A.many races in the United States have experiencedB.will still be very serious in the United States in the futureC.has already been solved in the United StatesD.is strongly opposed by many different races in the United States问题4选项A.they have tried hard to keep their religionsB.they have tried hard to live together to keep their Indian customsC.they are the only ones who have tried to keep their identifyD.they discriminate many other races问题5选项A.to escape discriminationB.to keep together in a racial groupC.to enjoy themselves in their own townsD.for religious reasons【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨题。原文第一段第一句指出美国是一个由许多不同种族组成的国家，由此引出种族歧视，但本文的主旨句在第五段第一句，所有的种族都帮助美国成为一个伟大的国家。选项C符合原文。2.语义题。根据原文句意，通常它们是混合在一起的，无法区分。由此可推测，told指无法区分的，选项B符合句意。3.细节推断题。根据第三段第五句“Almost every group has been able to finally escape this discrimination.”几乎每一个群体最终都能摆脱这种歧视。说明每个种族都曾经历过歧视，所以选项A正确。4.细节推理题。根据第四段第一句“One reason the Indians are discriminated against is that they have tried so hard to keep their identity.”印第安人受到歧视的一个原因是他们一直努力保持自己的身份。选项B符合原文。本题容易错选A，第四段最后一句提到的是荷兰人由于宗教原因与其他种族分开，而不是印第安人，所以不正确。5.细节事实题。根据第四段最后一句“They live separately for religious reasons.”可知选项D正确。2.单选题In many countries tobacco and medicine are government （ ）.问题1选项A.controlB.monopolyC.businessD.belongings【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指政府垄断，选项B符合语境。3.单选题Tom and Alice（ ） having a new car to replace their old one for years.问题1选项A.has been dreaming ofB.have been dreaming ofC.has dreamedD.will have dreamed【答案】B【解析】根据句意可知谓语应该用复数，首先排除选项A和C，再根据“for years”可知，应用现在完成时，所以选项B正确。4.单选题The paint on the clowns face（ ） that it scared the children he was trying to entertain.问题1选项A.was so exaggerationB.were an exaggerationC.was such an exaggerationD.was exaggerating【答案】C【解析】根据后面的that可知，这里考查so （such）that.的句型。so后面接形容词或副词，such后接名词。exaggeration为名词，所以选项C正确。5.单选题To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun.Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese in the eleventh century B. C.We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices.In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first person in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against rain were the ancient Romans.During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France and later on in England.By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasnt until the twentieth century that womens umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of colors.1.The first use of umbrella was as （ ） .2.（ ）were the people who first used umbrella.3.The umbrella was used only by royalty or by those in high offices （ ）.4.According to the passage, which of the following is not true?5.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.protection against rainB.a shade against the sunC.a symbol of powerD.a symbol of honor问题2选项A.ChineseB.RomansC.GreeksD.Egyptians问题3选项A.in Europe in the 18th centuryB.in ancient Egypt and BabylonC.in the Far East in ancient timesD.during the Middle Ages问题4选项A.Women enjoy using umbrellas with varied kinds of colors nowadays.B.The inventor of the umbrella is unknown.C.Once ordinary people had no right to use umbrellas.D.Umbrellas were popular and cheap in ancient times.问题5选项A.When Was the Umbrella Invented?B.The History of UmbrellaC.UmbrellaA Symbol of HonorD.Who Used Umbrella First?【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“Its first use was as a shade against the sun.”可知选项B与原文描述一致。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容可知，最早使用伞的是中国人，选项A正确。3.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices.”可知选项C与原文一致。4.细节判断题。根据原文第三段可知，在古代远东地区只有皇族或高官才能使用伞，由此可以推断伞并不便宜，所以选项D错误。5.主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲述伞的历史。选项B正确。6.单选题How can you （ ） and watch the country go to ruin?问题1选项A.stand byB.stand forC.stand upD.stand up for【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。stand by袖手旁观，站在旁边；stand for代表，象征；stand up站起来，坚持；stand up for支持，拥护。句意：你怎么能袖手旁观，看着这个国家走向毁灭呢?选项A符合句意。7.单选题In 1987, H.I.V/AIDS joined a list of diseases that could keep a person out of the United States. The government later tried to cancel, its decision, but congress made the travel ban a part of immigration law. People with H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS, could seek an exception, but that meant extra work.Last year, Congress and President George W. Bush began the process of ending the travel ban. Now President Obama is finishing the process.BARACK OBAMA : “We talk about reducing the stigma of this disease, yet we have treated a visitor living with it as a threat. We lead the world when it comes to helping the AIDS pandemic, yet we are only a dozen countries that still bar people H.I.V. from entering our country.”A final rule published Monday will end the travel ban effective January fourth. H.I.V. will no longer be a condition that can exclude people. And H.I.V. testing will no longer for those who need a medical examination for immigration purposes. AIDS has killed more than twenty-five people since the early 1980s.In September, there was news that a vaccine showed some ability to prevent H.I.V. infection in humans for the first time. The full results of the vaccine study were presented in later October at an international conference in Paris. They were also reported in the New England Journal of Medicine. The researchers confirmed that the study in Thailand produced only “modest” results.The United States Army sponsored the vaccine trial. The study combined two vaccines, using versions of H.I.V. common in Thailand. Neither vaccine alone had shown success in earlier studies.Thai researchers tested the combination in more than 16, 000 volunteers. Half of the volunteers got the vaccine. The others got a placebo, an inactive substance. All were given condoms and counseling on AIDS prevention for three years. The study found 31 percent fewer cases of infection in the vaccine group than in the placebo group.But critics said the findings could possibly have resulted from chance. The announcement in September was based on all 16, 000 volunteers. Almost one-third of them, however didnt follow all the required steps in the study. Results just from those who did were similar to the larger group, but the influence of chance is way more of a possibility.Still, the researchers said the study produced enough valuable information to offer new hopes for AIDS research.1.According to the article,（ ）did not want people with H. I. V. virus to seek entry to America twenty years ago.2.According to this article, it was（ ）who sponsored that medical experiment to find vaccine for H. I. V. carriers.3.From the article we can infer that 8,000 volunteers in（ ）were given the vaccine.4.According to the article, which one of the following statements is true?5.According to the critics, the findings of the test（ ）.问题1选项A.George BushB.ObamaC.the CongressD.the Senate问题2选项A.the Thai GovernmentB.the French GovernmentC.the scientist from New EnglandD.the United States Army问题3选项A.ThailandB.the United States of AmericaC.FranceD.Canada问题4选项A.America was the only country that prevented people with H. I. V. from entering the country.B.Only a few countries refused to issue entry visa to people with H. I. V.C.The conference held in Paris was on AIDS prevention.D.The vaccine test conducted in Thailand produced important results.问题5选项A.has produced enough valuable informationB.should not be taken seriouslyC.has produced reliable statisticsD.has paved a solid foundation for further research【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句“The government later tried to cancel, its decision, but congress made the travel ban a part of immigration law.”政府后来试图取消这一规定，但国会将旅行禁令作为移民法的一部分。由此可知，选项C正确。2.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句“The United States Army sponsored the vaccine trial.”美国军方赞助了疫苗试验。由此可知，选项D正确。3.事实细节题。根据第七段的一二句“Thai researchers tested the combination in more than 16, 000 volunteers. Half of the volunteers got the vaccine. The others got a placebo.”泰国研究人员对1.6万多名志愿者进行了测试。一半的志愿者接种了疫苗。另一半则使用安慰剂。由此可知选项A正确。4.是非判断题。根据第三段最后一句“yet we are only a dozen countries that still bar people H.I.V. from entering our country.”我国（美国）也是仅有的十几个禁止艾滋病人入境的国家之一。由此可知，选项A错误，选项B正确；根据第五段第二句“The full results of the vaccine study were presented in later October at an international conference in Paris.”可知，在巴黎举行的会议是公布研究结果而不是预防艾滋，所以选项C错误；根据第五段最后一句“The researchers confirmed that the study in Thailand produced onlymodestresults.”研究人员证实，在泰国进行的这项研究只产生了“温和”的结果，所以选项D也错误。5.事实细节题。根据倒数第二段第一句“But critics said the findings could possibly have resulted from chance.”批评人士表示，这些发现可能是偶然的。选项B符合原文。8.单选题Men often wait longer to get help for medical problems than women, and （ ）, women live about six years longer than men on an average.问题1选项A.instead ofB.constantlyC.consequentlyD.because【答案】C【解析】根据句意可知，前后构成因果关系，前面是因，后面是由此产生的结果，所以选项C符合语境。9.单选题If each of us does our part little by little, we can（ ） the lifespan of our planet and ourselves.问题1选项A.enlargeB.expandC.increaseD.grow【答案】C【解析】考查近义词辨析。enlarge 扩大，放大；expand扩张，使膨胀；increase增加，延长；grow发展，生长。句意：如果我们每一个人都能够一点一点地做好我们的本职工作，那么我们赖以生存的星球和我们自己本身的寿命会延长。本题想表达的是寿命的延长，increase有“延长”的意思，故答案C。10.单选题Peters mother kept telling him that（ ） in the street is dangerous, but he would not listen.问题1选项A.playedB.will playC.playingD.been playing【答案】C【解析】that引导的句子在句中作补语，在that从句中缺少主语，因此应该用动词的现在分词形式作主语。所以，选项C正确。