考研考博-考博英语-合肥工业大学考前自测提分卷83(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-合肥工业大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题If you reinstate old-fashioned values about money and work, you can give your children a precious gift: the key to self-sufficiency.问题1选项A.resolveB.resortC.redressD.restore【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resolve“决定；溶解；决心要做”；B选项resort“求助；诉诸；采取某手段或方法（其一般需后接介词to）”；C选项redress“救济；赔偿；纠正”；D选项restore“恢复；修复；归还”。句意：如果你旧式的金钱和工作价值观，你可以给你的孩子一份珍贵的礼物：自给自足的钥匙。根据后面的宾语old-fashioned values“老式的价值观”，If引导的虚拟句，根据后面的结果来看能够给孩子一份珍贵的礼物，保证自给自足。由此可知，这一旧式的金钱和工作价值观是可取的。所以需要将过时的事物重新拾起，进行运用。因此D选项符合题意。2.单选题In her long, but ultimately triumphant career, she has been forced to smuggle birth control supplies under her clothing.问题1选项A.forcefulB.insightfulC.successfulD.influential【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项forceful“强有力的；有说服力的”；B选项insightful“有深刻见解的，富有洞察力的”；C选项successful“成功的；一帆风顺的”；D选项influential“有影响的；有势力的”。句意：在她漫长但最终职业生涯中，她被迫在衣服下走私节育用品。前面一部分都是用来形容career“职业生涯”long“漫长的”，在一个人的职业生涯中不可能永远是一帆风顺的，中途也会遇到挫折。but ultimately“但是最终”有转折可以知道最后的结果是美好的。因此C选项符合题意。3.单选题The film recounts the story of a young beautiful woman who plots a _ revenge on her unfaithful lover.问题1选项A.miserlyB.dastardlyC.impotentD.dissoluble【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项miserly“吝啬的，贪婪的”，B项dastardly“卑鄙的，懦弱的”，C项impotent“无力的，无效的，虚弱的”，D项dissoluble“可分解的，可溶解的，可解除的”。从句子结构可知，句子缺少一个形容词修饰名词revenge“复仇，报仇”，四个选项中只有“卑鄙的”符合语境。句意：这部电影讲述了一个年轻美丽的女人计划对她不忠的情人进行卑鄙的报复的故事。因此，该题选择B项正确。4.单选题When global warming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance. In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet, flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10,000 years ago.As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the pastand how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planets environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of primates some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign global environment that has existed over the past 10,000 yearsduring which agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appeared- is a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earths climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the futureeven without the influence of human activity.1. Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged _.2. Scientists believe that human evolution _.3. Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that _.4. The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that _.问题1选项A.to give up his former way of lifeB.to leave the coastal areasC.to follow the ever-shifting vegetationD.to abandon his original settlement问题2选项A.has seldom been accompanied by climatic changesB.has exerted little influence on climatic changesC.has largely been effected by climatic changesD.has had a major impact on climatic changes27. Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that _.问题3选项A.human activities have accelerated changes of Earths environmentB.Earths environment will remain mild despite human interferenceC.Earths climate is bound to change significantly in the futureD.Earths climate is unlikely to undergo substantial changes in the future28. The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that _.问题4选项A.human civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic changesB.mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climateC.man has to limit his activities to slow down the global warming processD.human civilization will continue to develop in spite of the changes of nature【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“农业作为一种生存策略出现是因为人类被迫”。根据第一段最后两句After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming.（在把周围的许多动物逼到濒临灭绝的边缘后，人们被迫放弃原有的生活方式，转而采取一种全新的生存策略，这导致了大范围的饥饿和疾病；这种适应就是农业。）可知，A项“放弃他以前的生活方式”正确；B项“离开沿海地区”、C项“跟随不断变化的植被”和D项“放弃他原来的居住地”都属于导致人类被迫放弃原有生活方式的原因。因此，该题选择A项正确。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“科学家认为人类进化”。由第三段第一句Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species.（最重要的是，科学家们开始意识到气候变化已经对人类物种的进化产生了重大影响）可知，科学家认为人类进化受到了气候变化的重大影响，C项“很大程度上受到了气候变化的影响”正确；由此也可知，A项“很少伴有气候变化”错误；B项“对气候变化影响不大”和D项“对气候变化有重大影响”文中没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“过去气候变化的证据表明”。根据文章最后一段In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earths climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the futureeven without the influence of human activity.（事实上，过去的气候变化模式表明，即使没有人类活动的影响，地球的气候几乎肯定会在未来经历剧烈的变化）可知，C项“地球的气候在未来必然会发生显著变化”正确；A项“人类活动加速了地球环境的变化”、B项“尽管有人类的干扰，地球的环境仍将保持温和”和D项“地球的气候在未来不太可能发生重大变化”都与原文内容不符合。因此，该题选择C项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者希望在文章中传达的信息是”。通读全文可知，文章在第一段就阐述了气候的变化导致人类放弃原有的生活方式而进行迁徙，寻求新的生存策略，接下来两段就气候的变化是如何改变人类生存和进化进行的阐述，最后一段总结根据过去的气候变化模式，即使没有人类的活动影响，地球的气候依然会经历剧烈变化，所以文章传达的信息是人类在面对气候的变化时，是无能为力的，故B项“面对气候的急剧变化，人类实际上是无能为力的”正确；A项“尽管受到气候变化的影响，人类文明依然辉煌”和D项“尽管自然发生了变化，人类文明还是会继续发展的”没有提到；C项“人类必须限制自己的活动，以减缓全球变暖的进程”与文意相反。因此，该题选择B项正确。5.单选题The myth that United States is not open to concerns from outside has been _ at a stroke.问题1选项A.demolishedB.precludedC.kindledD.hampered【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项demolish“拆除，破坏，推翻，驳倒”，B项preclude“排除，妨碍，阻止”，C项kindle“点燃，着火，激起，照亮”，D项hamper“妨碍，束缚，使困累”。由myth“神话”和at a stroke“一下子”可知，“推翻”符合语境。句意：美国不会对外开放的神话一下子就被推翻了。因此，该题选择A项正确。6.单选题Since the 1970s, the safety of athletic equipment has been monitored by the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment.问题1选项A.regulatedB.advocatedC.recalledD.supervised【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。monitor表示“监控”；A项regulate“调节，规定，控制”，B项advocate“提倡，拥护，为辩护”，C项recall“召回，回想起，记起”，D项supervise“监督，管理，指导”。句意：自20世纪70年代以来，运动器材的安全一直受到国家运动器材标准运行委员会的监控。因此，根据句意可知D选项正确。7.单选题A UN report says that malnutrition is one of the common _ of the poor in Africa.问题1选项A.affectionsB.appeasementsC.afflictionsD.attainments【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A项affection“喜爱，感情，影响”，B项appeasement“缓和，平息，姑息”，C项affliction“苦难，苦恼，折磨”，D项attainment“达到，成就，学识”。从句子结构可知，句子缺少一个表语修饰主语malnutrition“营养不良”，四个选项中只有“苦难，折磨”符合语境。句意：一份联合国报告称，营养不良是非洲穷人普遍遭受的折磨之一。因此，该题选择C项正确。8.翻译题“Intelligence” at best is an assumptive construct the meaning of the word has never been clear. (1) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a childs capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed toit was not designed for such purposes. (2) To criticize it for such failure is roughly, comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.The other thing we have to notice is/that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair. (3) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do ones best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the intellectual ability to do it (4) The first two must be equal for all who being compared) if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Is value lies of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than children of this age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence”. (5)On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude/towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared; and only if he was not punished by lack, of relevant information which they possessed.【答案】1.人们对与智能有关的各种行为，比对这些行为如何进行解释和分类，看法更不一致。2.批评智力测试不反映上述情况，就犹如批评温度计不测风速一样。3.既然对智力的评估是比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。4.如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素必须是一样的。5.总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的其他孩子的态度相同；他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子所具有的有关知识而被扣分。9.单选题The question of what motivates a consumer to buy challenges the imagination and ingenuity of the seller and presses research specialists forward into new fields of investigation.问题1选项A.geniusB.noveltyC.tacticD.spark【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。ingenuity表示“心灵手巧，独创性，足智多谋”；A项genius“天才，天赋，精神”，B项novelty“新奇，新奇的事物”，C项tactic“策略，战略”，D项spark“火花，电火花”。句意：关于消费者购买的动机是什么的问题挑战了卖家的想象力和创造力，并迫使研究专家进入新的调查领域。根据句意可知ingenuity在句中表示“创造性”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是B项。因此，该题选择B项正确。10.单选题The European Union revealed on January 23th how it plans to save the world. A mammoth climate-change plan spells out in detail how much pain each of its 27 members will have to bear if the EU is to meet ambitious targets set by national leaders last Match.The aim is to cut greenhouse-gas emissions by 2020 by at least a fifth, and more than double to 20% the amount of energy produced from renewable sources such as wind or wave power. If fuel from plants proves green enough, 10% of the fuel used in transport must come from biofuels by the same date. The new plan turns these goals into national targets. This will surely start much grumbling and months of horse-trading, as the European Commissions recommendations are turned into binding law by national governments and the European Parliament.Countries with greenery in their veins are being asked to take more of the burden than newer members. Sweden, for example, is being invited to meet 49% of its energy from renewables. At the other end, Malta gets a renewables target of just 10%. It is a similar story when it comes to cutting greenhouse gases: by 2020, Denmark must cut emissions by 20% from 2005 levels; Bulgaria and Romania, the newest members, may let their emissions rise by 20%.EU leadership on climate change will not come cheap. The direct costs alone may be e 60 billion ($87 billion), or about 0.5% of total EU GDP, by 2020, said the commissions president, Jose Manuel Barroso. But this is still presented as a bargain compared with the cost of inaction, which Mr Barroso put at ten times as high. “Oh, leading the world in the fight against climate change need not cost jobs, even in the most heavily polluting branches of heavy industry. We want to keep our industry in Europe”, insisted Mr. Barroso.The trick to achieve the seemingly impossible targets is the EUs emissions-trading scheme (ETS). This obliges big polluters such as power companies or manufacturing giants to trade permits that allow them to emit CO2 and other climate-change nasties, within a steadily tightening overall cap. If countries such as the United States do not sign binding international agreements by 2011, then the heaviest greenhouse-gas emitters inside the EU may be given these allowances free, the commission suggests. Or, it threatens, firms outside the EU could be forced to buy ETS permits.1. To its member nations, the EUs plan means _.2. By using some data in paragraph 3, the author _.3. According to Mr. Barroso, heavy industry in the EU countries will _.4. According to the EUs ETS, big polluters _.问题1选项A.a fierce competitionB.an ideal goalC.a good opportunityD.a difficult task问题2选项A.gives an objective description of the task assignment among EU countriesB.shows disapproval of allowing some nations to raise their CO2 emissionsC.reveals his puzzlement about why some nations are to do less than othersD.presents his admiration for those who take greater pains to save the world问题3选项A.stop being the biggest polluterB.be short of skilled workforceC.continue operatingD.react with inaction问题4选项A.shall be given no permits until 2011B.have to pay for their existenceC.will be allowed a fixed amount of emissionsD.can benefit if they choose to be inside the EU【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“对其成员国来说，欧盟的计划意味着”。根据第一段最后一句A mammoth climate-change plan spells out in detail how much pain each of its 27 members will have to bear if the EU is to meet ambitious targets set by national leaders last Match.（一项庞大的气候变化计划详细说明了如果欧盟想要实现各国领导人在上一场比赛中设定的雄心勃勃的目标，其27个成员国将会承受多大的痛苦）和最后一段第一句The trick to achieve the seemingly impossible targets is the EUs emissions-trading scheme (ETS).（达到这些似乎不可能的任务的窍门是欧盟的排放交易计划）可推知，对欧盟的成员国来说，这一项计划是很艰巨的任务，D项“一项艰巨的任务”符合题意；A项“一个激烈的竞争”、B项“一个理想的目标”和C项“一个很好的机会”都与文章不符，文章主要讲述的是欧盟制定的拯救世界的计划会需要其成员国更多的责任和代价，是一个不可能实现的计划。因此，该题选择D项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“通过使用第三段中的一些数据，作者”。第三段主要围绕绿色能源比重大的国家比其他国家被要求承担更多的责任而进行分析和具体说明，作者在这里只是一个客观的陈述，并未透露自己的情绪观点，A项“客观描述了欧盟国家之间的任务分配”符合题意；B项“表示不赞成一些国家提高二氧化碳排放量”、C项“揭示了他对为什么有些国家比其他国家做得少的困惑”和D项“对那些为拯救世界付出更大努力的人表示钦佩”概括不正确。因此，该题选择A项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“据巴罗佐先生说，欧盟国家的重工业将会”。根据第四段巴罗佐先生说的话Oh, leading the world in the fight against climate change need not cost jobs, even in the most heavily polluting branches of heavy industry. We want to keep our industry in Europe.（领导世界对抗气候变化不需要以就业为代价，即使是在污染最严重的重工业，我们想留住欧洲的工业产业）可知，欧盟国家的重工业将会继续，C项“继续运营”正确；由此也可知A项“停止做最大的污染者”错误；B项“缺少熟练劳动力”没有提到；由But this is still presented as a bargain compared with the cost of inaction, which Mr Barroso put at ten times as high.（但与不作为的代价相比，这仍然是一笔便宜的交易，巴罗佐认为不作为的代价是它的十倍）可知，不作为的代价很高，所以欧盟国家的重工业不会不作为，D项“不作为”错误。因此，该题选择C项正确。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据欧盟排放交易体系，大污染企业”。根据最后一段对欧盟排放交易体系的描述：This obliges big polluters such as power companies or manufacturing giants to trade permits that allow them to emit CO2 and other climate-change nasties, within a steadily tightening overall cap. If countries such as the United States do not sign binding international agreements by 2011, then the heaviest greenhouse-gas emitters inside the EU may be given these allowances free, the commission suggests. Or, it threatens, firms outside the EU could be forced to buy ETS permits.（这就迫使电力公司等大型污染者或者制造巨头交易许可证，以允许他们在稳步收紧总体限制范围内排放二氧化碳和其他造成气候变化的排放物。委员会暗示，如果像美国这样的国家到2011年不签署约束性国际协议，那么最大的温室气体排放国在欧盟可能会免费得到准许。或者，委员会威胁到，欧盟以外的公司可能会被迫购买ETS许可。），由此可以推理，大型污染企业如果选择加入欧盟就能够获益，而不至于被迫购买ETS许可，故D项“如果他们选择留在欧盟，他们可以从中受益”正确；A项“在2011年之前都不会得到许可”表述不完全；B项“必须为他们的生存付出代价”概括不准确；C项“将被允许一个固定的排放量”这是在加入欧盟的前提下才能实现。因此，该题选择D项正确。