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英语应用文的写作方法书信书信是人们日常生活或工作中进行思想交流的一种重要工具。英语书写和中文书信一样是由信封和书信内容两部分组成的。但在格式上却与中文书信大不相同。英文书信主要分为私人书信(Personal letter)和商务书信(Business letter)。1. 信封的写法。把写信人的姓名、地址写在信封正面的左上角。把收信人的姓名、地址写在信封正面的中间部分偏右一点，如果信封的正面写不下发信人的姓名和地址，也可以写在信封反面的封盖上。注意先写收信人的姓名，单独占一行。地址按由小到大的顺序，即门牌号和街道或路，县 / 市，地区 / 州 / 省和邮政区码；最后，如果是国际信件的话，写上国家名称。并一个占据一行，一般每行开头要平行，每行结尾不加任何标点符号。Gao YanjieDept. of EnglishBeijing Foreign Language UniversityBeijing100081China Prof. David Smith 505 North Olive Avenue West Palm Beach, Florida 33402U. S. A.2. 信的结构。英文书信一般有七个部分组成。(1) 信头。信头包括两项：写信人的地址和写信日期，通常写在信纸的右上角。先写地址，后写日期。地址的写法与信封地址的写法相同，也是先小后大，每行采用齐头式(顶格写)或缩进式。日期的写法，应紧接在写信人地址的下一行，不能像写中文书信那样，写在写的最后。顺序与日记日期的写法一样。(2) 信内地址。信内地址是指收信人的姓名和地址。与写信人的地址、姓名相隔两行，写在左上角。先写姓名，后写地址，地址的写法与写信人地址的写法相同。在收信人的姓名前往往加上尊称或头衔，如, Mrs., Miss, Doctor, Professor等等。在私人书信中，我们通常不写信内地址。(3) 称呼。称呼是指写信人对收信人的称呼。与收信人的姓名、地址相隔一行，与上面对齐。从左边顶格写，占一行。称呼一般用Dear或My dear开始，以逗号“，”结束。如果姓前要加称谓或职位的话，男性用Mr.；女性用Miss(未婚)，Mrs.(已婚)，Ms(不知婚否)。职位也可用Doctor, Professor，Comrade等。如果给自己熟悉的朋友或小辈写信，可写为Dear / My dear+姓名。如：Dear Mrs. Smith, / My dear Xiao Ming, / My dear daughter, / Dear Dr. Wang等。 (4) 正文。正文是书信的主要部分。正文一般从称呼下隔一行开始写，每段开头仍内缩四个字母大小的空隙。如果是给不熟悉的人写信的话，一般要先进行自我介绍，反之，则可直接进入正题。要写好一封书信，开头语是正文的一个不可缺少的组成部分。写信时，如果忽视开头语，只重视写提示的要点内容的话，写出来的文章就会缺乏连贯性和可读性。写信时常用的开头语有：Im writing to tell you aboutI have the pleasure to tell you that Were so glad that you Here is howMy name is Li Hua. IIm very much delighted to inform you thatIm sorry to tell you / to sayThan you for telling me aboutI apologize for not writing to you for a long timeIm very happy to hear of your success Im very happy to hear that you are all enjoying good health.Im sorry Ive been so slow in answering your letter.I must apologize for my delay in answering your letter.I was very surprised to get your letter yesterday.Im very glad to hear from you again.It was good to hear from you and I shall be very pleased to let you have the information you need.Im very pleased to hear that everything is going so well with you.We have enjoyed hearing from you.As I have not received your letter for long, I feel anxious.等等。正文要求语言准确，能表情达意，行文流畅。(5) 结束语。结束语相当于中文书信的客套话。这些结束语写在正文的左下方，另起一行。常用的结束语有：Best wishes! Gook luck to you! Wish you success!Give my regards / best wishes / love to! Im looking forward to hearing from you!Hope to hear from you soon!Thanks again for writing aboutI hope to hear more news aboutTake cake of yourself!Im looking forward to your early reply.Please remember to your family.Do please write and let me know how you are getting on.I hope to see you soon, and tell you Best wishes for your health and every happiness!I hope you and your family are very well.As the season grows colder, I hope you will take care of yourself.Dou you think you like it better, if not, just let me know. Thank you for any help you can give me. 等等。(6) 结尾谦称。英文书信末尾的谦称，一般写在结束语的下方，相隔1-2行，从信纸中央偏右的地方。开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号“，”。常用的谦称语有：Affectionately yours, / Yours affectionately, / Yours ever, / Ever yours, / Livingly yours, / Yours lovingly, / Yours, / Yours truly, / Truly yours, / Respectfully yours, / Yours respectfully, 等等。(7) 签名。签名是指写信人的姓名。写在谦称下面，另起以行。在私人信件中一般不需要签全名，手写体即可。在商务信件中为了使人看得清楚，则在亲笔写的全名的下方，可打印出姓名。
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