主动语态变被动语态的方法

主动语态变被动语态的方法班级学号姓名一、主动语态和被动语态概说英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成：Everybodylikeshim.大家都喜欢他。（主动语态）Heislikedbyeverybody.他受到大家的喜欢。（被动语态）二、主动语态变被动语态的方法1. 主动语态变被动语态的基本方法将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语（be+过去分词），将主动语态的主语变为by短语（在被动句中用作状语）：Hebrokethecup.Thecupwasbrokenbyhim.【注意】若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略：Hewasbornin1986.他生于1986年。Whatisthisflowercalled?这种花叫什么花？2. 双宾动词的被动语态双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，通常是把间接宾语（指人）变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语（指事物）保留下来（称为保留宾语）：Heansweredmethatquestion.Iwasansweredthatquestionbyhim.有的动词则通常把直接宾语（指事物）变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to或for引起的状语（到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词有关）：Hewroteheraletter.Aletterwaswrittentoher.（与动词write搭配用介词to）Shemadehimanewcoat.Anewcoatwasmadeforhim.（与动词make搭配用介词for）有时以上两种方式均可用：Hegavehersomemoney.他给她一些钱。tShewasgivensomemoney./Somemoneywasgiventohim.Heboughtherawatch.他给她买了一块表。tawatchwasboughtforher./Shewasboughtawatch.3. 被动语态的时态被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”中的动词be来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：一般现在时的被动语态：amis,are+过去分词Englishistaughtinourschool.我们学校学英语。Wearetakengoodcareofatschool.我们在学校受到很好的照顾。（2）般过去时的被动语态：waswere+过去分词Hewastakentothepolicestation.他被带到了警察局。Thehousewasbuilttenyearsago.这座房子是10年前建的。（3）一般将来时的被动语态：willbe+过去分词Anewbuildingwillbebuiltheresoon.不久这里将建一栋新楼。Themeetingwillbeheldattwothisafternoon.会议将于今天下午2点举行。(4) 现在完成时的被动语态：havehasbeen+过去分词Alltheworkhasbeendonenow.所有的工作现在都做好了。Havethelettersbeenposted?信都寄了吗？(5) 过去完成时的被动语态：hadbeen+过去分词Hesaidtheworkhadbeenfinished.他说工作已完成了。(6) 现在进行时的被动语态：amis,arebeing+过去分词Mywatchisbeingrepairedbyhim.我的表正在由他修理。Theplanisnowbeingdiscussed.计划现在正在讨论。(7) 过去进行时的被动语态：waswerebeing+过去分词Hesaidthatthemanwasbeingoperatedon.他说那个人正在动手术。Hetoldmethatanewstationwasbeingbuilt.他说正在修建一个新车站。(8) 过去将来时的被动语态：wouldbe+过去分词Hesaidthatthemeetingwouldbeheldnextweek.他说会议将于下周举于。4.含有情态动词的被动形式若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词，在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词，其结构为情态动词+be+过去分词”：Everyonemustknowthis.Thismustbeknownbyeveryone.请看以下带情态动词被动句实例：Thiscantbedoneinashorttime.这不是短期内可以完成的。Canthisbedonebymachine?这可以由机器来做吗?Theworkmustbedoneatonce.这工作必须马上做了。被动语态专练一、区分下列句子哪句是被动语态的句子：1. Englishisspokeninmanycountries.()2. Thestudentsaredoingtheirhomeworkintheclassroom.()3. Thestudentsaredividedintosixgroups.()4. Mybrotherwaschosenforthebasketballteam.()5. Wecanfinishtheworkintwohours.()Thesickchildmustbesenttothehospitalatonce.()二、写出下列动词的过去分词：1.clean2.love3.speak4.break5.finish6.know7.sell8.teach9.find10.build11.blow12.give三、把下列句子改为被动语态：1. WeteachEnglishinourschool.Englishinourschool.2. Someonebroketheglassthismorning.Theglassthismrning.3. Theycanfinishtheworkintwohours.Theworkintwohours.4. Thewindblewthecloudsaway.away.5. Theysellfreshfishinthatmarketeveryday.inthatmarketeveryday.四、单项选择：()1ThePeoplesRepublicofChinaonOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2EnglishinCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsongbythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4ThiskindofcarinJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputersallovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6Ourroommustclean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7Doctorsineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()8Japaneseineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()9Theflowersoften.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()10Thebooksmayfortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()11ThebrokenbikeherebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended()12Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemustdirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()13Theteapotwater.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()14Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwellandpolitely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()15Oldpeoplemust.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell()16Ourhousein1969.A.isbuiltB.builtC.wasbuiltD.build()17Thebridgestones.A.ismadeofB.madeofC.ismadeintoD.ismadefrom()18MrsFangbooklastweek.A.waspublishedB.publishedC.werepublishedD.waspublish()19Thestudentsintotwogroups.A.dividedB.aredividedC.divideD.divides()20Childrentogointothegarden.A.notallowedB.donallowC.donallowedD.arenotallowed