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专题7情态动词和虚拟语气考纲展示命题探究基础点情态动词基本语法功能一览表:1can和could的用法(1)表示“能力”,can表示现在的能力,could表示过去的能力。Can you lift this heavy box?你能举起这个重箱子吗?典例1No one_be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.Oh, you are really his big fan.答案can句意:在打篮球方面,无人能与姚明匹敌。噢, 你真是姚明的铁杆粉丝。can 在此表示能力,意为“能够”。(2)表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句。can比could语气强。He cant be our manager. He has gone to Beijing.他不可能是我们的经理。我们经理去北京了。典例2Hows your new babysitter?We _ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.答案couldnt句意:你们的新保姆怎么样?我们找不到比她更好的了,我们的孩子都很喜欢她。这里应用couldnt表示“不可能”。(3)表示“请求”和“许可”(could用来表示“请求”时,是委婉的说法,回答时一般用can)Could you please do me a favor?你能帮我个忙吗?Yes, I can.可以。(4)表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况,意为“有时会”,用于肯定句。It can be very cold in April.在四月份有时会很冷。典例3Why, my new computer is rubbish! Five hours has passed and it still hasnt finished the downloading.Dont worry. You know, sometimes the Internet_be very slow.答案can句意:为什么,我的新电脑这么垃圾!已经过了五个小时了,还没有下载完。别担心,你知道,有时网络速度是很慢的。此处表示客观的可能性“有时会”,故用can。(5)固定结构cannot/couldnt. too/enough无论也不过分;越越好cannot/couldnt but do sth.不得不,只好cant/couldnt help doing sth.禁不住做某事2may 和might的用法(1)表示请求和许可(在疑问句中表示请求时可用might代替may,表示语气委婉,不表示过去)。May I watch TV after supper?晚餐后我可以看电视吗?特别提醒May. do.?的否定回答用mustnt/cant。May I come in?我可以进来吗?No, you mustnt/cant.不,你不能。典例4_I take the book out?Im afraid not.答案May句意:我可以将这本书带出去吗?恐怕不行。此处表示“请求,许可”,故用may。(2)表示可能性,意为“或许,可能”,用来表示一件事或许会发生,或是某种情况可能会存在。通常用于肯定句和否定句中,而不用于疑问句中。might比may语气更弱。He may/might come tonight.他今晚可能要来。典例5You neednt take an umbrella. It isnt going to rain.Well, I dont know. It_do.答案might句意:你不必带伞。不会下雨的。嗯,我不知道,可能会下吧。此处表示把握不大的推测,意为“或许,可能”,故用might。(3)用于祈使句中表示祝愿,常用结构May主语do!May you succeed!祝你成功!典例6Have you heard of the news that Britains former Prime Minister, Baroness Thatcher, died on April 18?Yes._she rest in peace.答案May句意:你听说英国前首相撒切尔夫人在4月18日逝世的消息了吗?听说了。愿她安息。may但愿,表示祝愿。(4)固定结构may/might as well 不妨,还是为好may/might well动词原形很可能(相当于probably)You may_as_well_tell him the truth.你不妨告诉他事实吧。He may_well_stay in Beijing now.他现在很可能待在北京。3must和have to的用法(1)must意为“必须”,多指现在或将来的情况,语气强烈;have to 意为“不得不”,意义与must相近,但must表示说话人的主观看法,其否定形式为mustnt, 意为“不许,禁止”;have to则强调客观需要。Must I finish the homework before nine?我必须在9点前完成作业吗?Yes, you must.是的,你必须。I have_to go now, because my mother is in hospital.我现在不得不走了,因为我母亲在住院。特别提醒(1)回答带有must的问句时,否定回答常用neednt或dont have to,意为“不必”。Must I come back before ten? 我必须在10点前回来吗?No, you neednt/dont_have_to.不,你不必。(2)must只有一种形式,而have to有人称、时态等方面的变化。He had_to work hard to support the family.他不得不努力工作来养活家庭。In order to arrive at the school on time, he has_to get up early every day.为了能按时到达学校,他不得不每天很早起床。典例7The new law states that people_drive after drinking alcohol.答案mustnt句意:新法律规定人们喝酒之后一定不能开车。此处表示“不许,禁止”,故用mustnt。(2)must表示推测,语气最为肯定,意为“一定,准是”,用于肯定句。She must be tired after such a long walk.走了这么长的路,她一定很累了。特别提醒表示否定推测用cant,意为“不可能”。不能用mustnt来表示推测,意为“禁止”。 (3)must意为“偏要,非要不可”,常表示事实与说话人意愿相反或说话人的不耐烦等情感。Why must it rain on Sunday?为什么偏在周日下雨呢?典例8_you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry, Sir, but its urgent.答案Must句意:你偏要现在打扰我吗?难道你没有看到我正在打电话吗?对不起,先生,但是情况紧急。此处表示“偏要,硬要”,故用Must。4shall的用法(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见。Shall he come in or wait outside?是让他进来还是在外边等?典例9We want someone to design the new art museum for us._the young fellow outside have a try?答案Shall句意:我们想找人为我们设计这个新的艺术博物馆。外面的那个年轻人能试试吗?shall在问句中用于第一、第三人称前,表示征求对方的意见。(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等,意为“必须,应该”。You shall be punished for what youve done.你必须为你的所作所为受到惩罚。典例10I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month.Dont worry. You_have it by Friday.答案shall句意:我至今还没有拿到参考书,但是下个月这个学科就要测试了。别担心,周五之前你一定会有的。shall用于第二人称表示允诺、要求、命令、威胁等语气,此处表示允诺的语气,故用shall。(3)在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示规定或义务等,意 为“必须”,常用第三人称。Those belonging to our club shall wear uniforms.我们俱乐部的成员应该穿制服。典例11One of our rules is that each competitor _ wear a number.答案shall句意:我们其中的一项规定就是,每名参赛者都应该配戴一个号码。shall用于第三人称的陈述句中用来介绍条约、法令等文件中的规定。5should和ought to的用法(1)表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等,意为“应该”,ought to比should语气重。We should/ought_to be strict with ourselves.我们对自己应该严格要求。(2)should表示推测,指有一定根据的推测,意为“(按道理)应该”,可用ought to替换。It should be a nice day tomorrow.明天的天气应该不错。He is honest, so what he said ought_to be true.他很诚实,因此他说的话应该是真的。(3)表示惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等情绪,意为“竟会,竟然”。I am surprised that you should speak in such a way.我很惊讶你居然用那种口气说话。6will和would的用法(1)表示意志、意愿、决心,will指现在,would指过去。I will never talk to him again.我再也不愿意和他说话了。No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen.无论我说什么,他都不愿意听。典例12Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but_say where he was.答案wouldnt句意:几天后,我哥哥打来电话说他一切都好,但是他就不愿说出他在什么地方。wouldnt不愿意。(2)表示征求意见或提出请求,多用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中。表示请求时可用would代替will,表示语气委婉,不表示过去。Will/Would you close the window?请你把窗户关上好吗?(3)表示习惯或倾向。will用于表示一般的习惯,would用于描述过去的习惯或例行的活动,意为“总是,习惯于”。Fish will die without water.没有水,鱼会死去的。特别提醒would和used to都表示习惯性和反复性的动作,但used to说明过去和现在情况的对比,现在不再重复这一动作,would无此含义。He used_to get up early.他过去常常早起。(现在不这样做了)He would sit here for hours.他常常在这儿一坐就是几个小时。典例13I still remember my happy childhood when my mother_take me to Disneyland on weekends.答案would句意:我还记得自己快乐的童年,那时,我妈妈常常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。would此处表示“过去常常”,指过去习惯性的动作,故填would。(4)表示功能,意为“能,行”,常用于否定句。The door wont open.这扇门打不开。7need 和dare的用法(1)need表示必要性,常用于疑问句和否定句中,neednt表示“不必”;对need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用must而不用need,作否定回答时用neednt。This is a free service; you neednt pay for it.这是免费服务,你不必为此付款。Need I hand in the application now?我需要现在交申请吗?Yes, you must./No, you neednt. 是的,你必须交。/不,你不必交。典例14Its quite warm here; we_turn the heating on yet.答案neednt句意:这儿很暖和,我们还没有必要开暖气。neednt不需要,没必要,符合句意。(2)dare意为“敢,胆敢”,作情态动词时后跟动词原形,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。How dare she do things like that to me?她怎么敢对我做那种事?Dare you catch the mouse?你敢抓老鼠吗?No, I darent.不,我不敢。特别提醒dare的习惯用法(1)I dare say. 意为“也许,我想”。如:It will rain this afternoon, I dare say.我想今天下午会下雨。(2)How dare句子。表示对他人行为感到愤怒,意为“竟敢”。如:How_dare you open my drawer without my permission!你竟敢未经我许可就打开我的抽屉!重难点“情态动词have done”的用法“情态动词have done”既可表示对过去情况的推测,又可表示某种情绪、态度。情态动词不同,该结构所表示的含义也不同。(1)must have done意为“一定已经做了”,用于肯定句中,表示对过去的肯定情况把握比较大的推测。He must_have_been a doctor, for he knows medicines so well.他过去肯定是一位医生,因为他对药物非常了解。典例1Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _ (drink) too much at the party last night.答案must have drunk句意:Harry觉得不舒服,他昨晚在聚会上肯定喝多了。由last night及语境可知,此处表示对过去的肯定情况把握较大的推测,所以本题应填must have done sth.“一定做了某事”。(2)could have done意为“本能做某事(而实际上未做)”,表示对过去未能实现的动作的一种责备或惋惜之情,此时could不能用can替换。We could_have_visited the museum but we spent too much time shopping.我们本来可以参观那个博物馆的,但我们购物花了太长时间。意为“可能已经做了某事”,表示对过去情况的推测。He could_have_already_arrived in Beijing.他可能已经到了北京。特别提醒could have done的否定形式couldnt have done 只能表推测,相当于cant have done,意为“(过去)不可能做了某事”。 (3)cant have done/can have donecant have done意为“不可能做了某事”,表示对过去的否定情况把握较大的推测,相当于couldnt have done; can have done表示“可能已经做了某事”,用于疑问句中。需要特别注意的是can have done不用于肯定的陈述句中。I think that he couldnt/cant_have_gone abroad. I saw him just now.我认为他不可能出国了。我刚才还看见他了。Can he _have_arrived there?他可能已经到那儿了吗?典例2Why are your eyes so red? You _ have slept well last night.Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.答案cant/couldnt句意:你的眼为什么这么红?你昨晚一定睡得不好。是的,我熬夜写报告了。此处表示对过去的否定情况把握比较大的推测,故用cant/couldnt have done(不可能做了某事)这一结构。(4)may/might have done意为“可能已经做了某事”,表示对过去情况的推测,might表示可能性更小。 You might_have_read about it in the newspaper.你可能已经在报上看过这个消息了。典例3I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ (steal) it.答案might have stolen从对话情景可知他们在谈论过去的可能性:手提包当时有可能已被偷走,might have done在此意为“可能已经做了某事”。意为“本可以做某事(而实际上没做)”,表示对过去某一未实现的动作的责备或惋惜之情。He might_have_given you help, even though he was very busy.即便很忙,他也本可以帮助你的。(5)should/ought to have done可用于肯定句和否定句,should/ought to have done意为“本该做某事(而实际上未做)”,表示责备或惋惜之情;shouldnt/oughtnt to have done意为“本不该做某事而实际上做了”,表示责备或惋惜之情Yesterday was the deadline, and he should_have_completed his work.昨天是最后期限,他本该完成工作的。Tom oughtnt_to_have_told me your secret, but he meant no harm.汤姆本不应该把你的秘密告诉我的,但他无意伤害你。典例4Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.Oh, you _have done it as yesterday was the deadline.答案should句意:对不起,Smith教授,我昨天没完成任务。哦,你本该做完的,因为昨天是最后期限。此处用should have done表示“本该做某事(而实际上未做)”。(6)neednt have done表示“本没有必要做,而实际上做了”。Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.凯瑟琳,我已经替你把房间打扫了。Thanks. You neednt_have_done it. I could manage it.谢谢,你本不必做的,我能够应付。典例5We _have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.答案neednt句意:既然苏杰不和我们一起吃晚饭了,我们本没有必要买这么多食物的。根据句意可知,此处表示“本没有必要做某事(而实际上做了)”,故用neednt have done。考法综述对于情态动词,通常是在具体的语境(尤其是对话)中考查其基本含义。个别高频情态动词在特殊语境下的特殊含义(如:must“非得;偏要”,should“竟然”,shall用于第二、三人称表示警告、命令、威胁、允诺、规定等)是高考的热点和难点。常见情态动词的基本用法是高考考查的重点。命题法1考查情态动词的基本用法典例1You _ be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years.答案must句意:你一定是卡罗尔。这么多年后你一点儿都没变。根据语境可知,此处应该用情态动词表示推测,由下文“这么多年后你一点儿也没变”可推知此处为非常肯定的猜测,故填must,意为“一定”。分析空后为动词原形,故此处只能填助动词或情态动词;根据下文内容可知此处是说话人的猜测,因为有“据”可循,所以非常肯定,故填语气最为强烈的情态动词must,意为“一定”。典例2When I was a child, I can watch TV whenever I wanted to._答案cancould句意:当我小的时候,无论什么时候想看电视都能看到。根据题意可知是谈论过去的情况,故应把can改为could。【解题法】(1)对于情态动词的考查一定要结合句意分析语境所表达的语气、情感和态度,掌握情态动词的意义。(2)在语篇型语法填空中,考查情态动词往往不给提示词。考生要读懂句意,结合上下文判断说话者的语气和态度,从而得出答案。(3)在语篇型短文改错中,考查情态动词常集中在情态动词的错用和漏用。考生能明辨各情态动词的意义及用法,区分用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句的意义。命题法2考查情态动词have done典例3People are recycling many things which they _ (throw) away in the past.答案would/could/might have thrown句意:人们正在回收利用很多他们过去会扔掉的东西。根据句意可知,从句是说过去可能会做的事。故填would/could/might have thrown。此处表示对过去可能会做的事情的推测,应该使用“情态动词have done”结构,表示推测应用could或might,也可填would,表示过去的倾向。典例4We must have faced the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?_答案mustcould句意:我们本可以共同面对困难的,可你为什么不告诉我呢?but后的分句用的是一般过去时,由此可知but前的分句是对过去情况的推测,所以用“情态动词have done”。could have done表示“本可以做某事(而实际上却没有做)”,符合句意,而must have done意为“过去一定做了”,不符合句意。【解题法】(1)考查情态动词have done是高考的难点。考生要记清各个结构的意义和用法,这类结构主要用于对过去的推测。(2)在语篇型语法填空中,主要是给出动词,让考生根据语境填出合适的情态动词,既可能考查情态动词的使用,又可能考查动词过去分词的形式。有时也会不给提示词,只让考生结合语意填出合适的情态动词。(3)在语篇型短文改错中主要考查情态动词的误用、漏用。考生要分清各情态动词结构的意义和用法。注意在肯定句、疑问句、否定句中意义的差别。A单句填空1Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late. I really_ go now. My daughter is home alone.答案must句意:你就不能多待一会儿吗?天越来越晚了。我现在真的必须走了。我女儿一个人在家里呢。根据答语中的“Its getting late.”以及“My daughter is home alone.”可知,这里表示必须离开,故用must。2You_ be careful with the camera. It costs!答案must句意:你一定要小心这个相机。它很贵的!根据语境可知,此处表示“一定”,故用must。3You_ feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.答案may句意:你可能感觉到所有的培训都是浪费时间,但是我百分之百的确信最后你将感谢你所做的这一切。根据句子中的“but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it”可判断出,表示对前面情况的一种推测,表示“也许,可能”,故用may。4Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we _bring anything with us?答案neednt 句意:我已经为野餐准备好了各种食物。你的意思是说我们不必再带任何东西了吗?根据上下文可知此处表示“不必”,故用neednt。5My book, The House of Hades, is missing. Who_have taken it?答案could句意:我的书哈迪斯的房子丢了,谁会把它拿走呢?根据句意可知此处表示推测,又因是疑问句,故用could。6She often appears as a young girl on stage although she _be at least 55 years old.答案must句意:在舞台上,她经常像小女孩,虽然至少有55岁了。此处表示肯定推测,故用must。7Being constantly exposed to advertisement is annoying, but it_be pleasant sometimes.答案can句意:经常接触广告很烦人,但有时也令人愉快。此处表示客观的可能性,“有时会”,故用can。8Liza_well not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.答案may/might句意:莉莎很可能不想去旅游她讨厌旅游。根据设空处后的well可知本空填may/might。may/might well do sth.意为“很可能做某事”。9One of the National Health Regulations is that public schools _actively create conditions for sports facilities opened to the public.答案shall句意:全民健身条例内容之一是公立学校需积极创造条件向公众开放体育设施。根据句意可知,此处表示规则、规定,且用于第三人称肯定句中,故用shall。10Amazing! You_wear slippers at school.Dont you know its a fashion?答案should句意:太奇怪了,你竟然在学校穿拖鞋。难道你不知道这很时尚吗?根据语境表示一种惊讶,故用should。B单句改错1Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad. You must have made full preparations._答案mustshould句意:对不起,妈妈,我工作面试又失败了。哦,太糟糕了,你本应该做充分准备。根据句意可知,此处表示“本应该做某事而实际上没做”暗含对对方的责备,故用should,而must have done表示“过去一定做了”,与句意不符。2Sometimes people simply mustnt trust anymore._答案mustntcant句意:有时候人们只是不能再相信(他人)了。cant不能,符合句意。mustnt不准;禁止。3Although you must find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop._答案mustcan句意:虽然你在伦敦可能会买到减价品,但通常那儿不是一个能买到便宜货的地方。must意为“一定”,此处表示客观的“可能性”,故把must改为can。4Should I have a word with you? It wont take long._答案ShouldCan/May句意:我可以和你说句话吗?不会耽误很长时间。根据句意可知此处表示请求,“可以”,should为应该,故把Should改为Can/May。5Life is unpredictable; even the poorest must become the richest._答案mustmay/might句意:生活是不可预测的,即使是最贫穷的人也可能成为最富有的人。根据句意可知本空表示把握性不大的推测,故把must改为may/might可能。6These grapes look really beautiful.They can! See the price $3.99 a pound. Very expensive, arent they?_答案canshould句意:这些葡萄看起来很漂亮。它们应该这样!看价钱,3.99美元一磅,太贵了,是不是?根据句意可以猜出葡萄看起来好是应该的,因为价格贵。7I mustnt thank you too much because without your help I wouldnt have won the first prize._答案mustntcant句意:我都不知道该怎么谢你了。没有你的帮助我不会获得一等奖。cant与too连用,意为:再也不为过。8Nuclear energy must be really dangerous at times even though its a kind of nice energy in general._答案mustcan句意:尽管核能在总体上是一种不错的能源,但它有时可能真的会很危险。can用于肯定句可表示客观上的可能性,意为:有时会,可能会。9.We cant imagine that two children shall be killed by the washing machine of their house._答案shallshould句意:我们无法想象两个孩子竟然被家里的洗衣机绞死了。should表示“竟然”。10One of our rules is that every student must wear school uniform while at school._答案mustshall句意:我们的规定之一是学生在学校时需要穿校服。在明文规定中,常使用shall来表示规定做的事情。基础点1虚拟条件句If I were a bird, I could fly.如果我是一只鸟儿的话,我就能飞了。If we had_started earlier, we would_not_have_missed the train.如果我们早点出发,就不会错过这列火车了。If Professor Li should_have time tomorrow, we could ask him questions.如果李教授明天有时间的话,我们就可以问他问题了。典例1Do you think George has passed the driving test?No. If so, he_(drive) his car to our college yesterday.答案would/should/could/might have driven句意:你认为乔治通过驾照考试了吗?我想没有。如果通过了,他昨天就会开车去我们的大学了。根据句意可知,第二句是非真实的情况,是对过去情况的虚拟,故用would/should/could/might have driven。典例2Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _(have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.答案had句意:对不起,我现在太忙了。如果有时间,我肯定会和你一起去远足的。根据“I am too busy now” 可知是对现在的虚拟,故用had。2虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用(1)用于宾语从句中wish后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气,不同虚拟条件下,从句谓语的形式:I wish it were spring now.我希望现在是春天。I wish he had_come yesterday.我希望他昨天来。I wish it would_be sunny tomorrow.我希望明天晴天。典例3Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they_(be) always late.答案werent句意:孩子们在哪儿?晚餐会完全毁了。我希望他们不总是迟到。wish后表示与现在的事实相反,用一般过去时,故用werent。表示命令,要求,建议的动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词为“(should) do”。The teacher ordered that the homework (should)_be_handed in on time.老师命令作业应该按时交。It is suggested that the meeting (should)_be_put_off.人们建议会议应该推迟。一个坚持:insist二个命令:order, command三个建议:suggest, advise, recommend四个要求:require, request, demand, desire特别提醒(1)insist作“坚持要求”解,表示一种要求、请求时,其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,即从句谓语形式为“(should) do”;而insist作“坚持认为”解,用于陈述一种看法、实情的时候,其后的从句用陈述语气。如:He insisted that he was innocent.他坚持说他是无辜的。(2)suggest作“建议”解,表示一种意见的时候,其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,即从句谓语形式为“(should)do”;而suggest作“表明,暗示”解,用于陈述一种实际情况的时候,从句谓语用陈述语气。如:What he said suggested that he was a fraud.他说的话表明他是个骗子。典例4My mom suggests that we _eat out for a change this weekend.答案should句意:我的母亲建议我们这个周末出去吃饭,换换口味。suggest 意为“建议”,后接宾语从句时,从句要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语形式为“shoulddo”,should可以省略。would rather后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,不同虚拟条件下,从句谓语的形式:I would rather I left now.我宁愿现在离开。I would rather he had_passed the exam.我宁愿他通过了那次考试。典例5George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _(focus) more on its culture.答案focused句意:乔治打算谈论他所在国家的地理,但是我宁愿他把话题多集中在文化上。would rather后跟宾语从句,如果宾语从句中谓语动词与would rather同时或后于would rather发生,宾语从句谓语动词用过去式。(2)用于主语从句中(should) doIt is important that we (should)_think before we decide.仔细思考后再作决定是非常重要的。It is required that middle school students (should)_take at least one hour exercise every day.中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。(3)用于同位语从句中advice, suggestion, proposal, request, requirement, order, demand, desire等表示建议、要求、命令、愿望等的名词后的同位语从句通常用虚拟语气,即从句谓语形式为“(should) do”。We agreed to his suggestion that we (should)_go_to Beijing for sightseeing.我们同意他提出的去北京观光的建议。(4)用于表语从句中advice, suggestion, proposal, request, requirement, order, demand, desire 等表示建议、要求、命令、愿望等的名词后的表语从句通常用虚拟语气,即从句谓语形式为“(should) do”。His suggestion is that we (should)_persuade her to stay here first.他的建议是我们首先说服她待在这儿。My desire is that we (should) not quarrel over such things again.我的希望是我们不要再为这样的事情争吵了。3虚拟语气在其他句型中的应用(1)as if/as though引导的方式状语从句/表语从句表示与事实相反的情况或推测将来时,从句用虚拟语气。不同虚拟条件下从句谓语的形式:He speaks as if/as though he knew all about it.他说起话来就好像他完全知道这件事似的。He talks about pyramids as if/as though he had_seen them himself.他谈论起金字塔来就好像他曾经见过似的。(2)Its (high/about) time (that).句型中,that引导的定语从句通常用虚拟语气,此时从句中谓语动词用过去式或“should动词原形”,必须注意的是should不能去掉。It is about time that we were off.我们该离开了。It is high time that you should_teach him a lesson.你该教训一下他了。(3)if only后的句子常用虚拟语气,句子谓语用一般过去时表示当前没有实现的愿望,用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望。If only she had_known where to find you.当时她要是知道去哪儿找你就好了。If only I could_speak several foreign languages.我要是能说几门外语就好了。重难点1错综时间条件句在错综时间条件句中,条件从句和结果主句的谓语动作发生的时间背景不同,因此,条件从句和结果主句的谓语要根据谓语动作各自的时间背景选用不同的形式。不同虚拟条件下,条件从句/结果主句谓语的形式:结果主句If I were you, I wouldnt_have_missed the film last night.如果我是你,我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。(现在过去)If he had_followed the doctors advice, he would_recover now.如果他听了医生的劝告,现在病就好了。(过去现在)If we hadnt_got everything ready, we would_be having a terrible time tomorrow.如果一切都没有准备好,明天我们就会碰到糟糕的情况。(过去将来)If you hesitated this moment, you might_suffer in future.如果你此刻犹豫不决,你以后会吃苦头的。(现在将来)特别提醒在错综时间条件句中,要特别注意主、从句中的时间状语,题干中有的明确给出了不同的时间状语,有的必须结合语境推测出时间。找准时间上的不同后,还要牢记主、从句谓语在不同虚拟条件下的不同形式,只有这样才能准确解题。2含蓄条件句含蓄条件句中没有if引导的从句来表示虚拟条件,其虚拟条件通常由without, but for, otherwise等引出或表示,有些情况下,虚拟条件甚至要我们从上下文中来推断。without., but for., otherwise等可转化为if引导的条件从句。不同虚拟条件下,含蓄条件句谓语的形式:But for your help, we couldnt_have_succeeded.要是没有你的帮助,我们是不会成功的。(虚拟过去)Without your help, I wouldnt_finish it.如果没有你的帮助,我将无法完成此事。(虚拟将来)3虚拟条件句的倒装Were I you, I would_find a chance to make up with him.如果我是你,我就会找机会与他和好。Had you had a deep communication with your mother, she would_have_supported you.如果你与你的妈妈深入地谈了一下,她会支持你的。Should I have time, I would_go and watch the football game.要是我有时间,我会去看足球赛的。特别提醒如果条件从句的谓语为否定式,其中的否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能随were, should, had置于句首。如:如果不是我警告你,你可能已经被杀了。()I
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