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专题29(半)开放作文考纲展示命题探究1命题特点(1)自由发挥的空间大(半)开放作文属于非控制性写作或非任务型写作的范畴，题目常以文字、图画等形式呈现。提示类开放作文只提供一个话题或一段提示语，要求学生就所提供的内容展开想象，并按照要求完成写作任务；漫画类开放作文提供漫画，要求学生根据所给漫画，阐述其寓意，并结合生活实际发表自己的看法。(2)能力要求较高(半)开放作文对考生的能力要求较高，考查也更全面。它不仅考查考生的语言表达能力、语言组织能力，而且还考查考生的逻辑思维能力、发散思维能力、想象力以及多角度考虑问题的能力，对学生能力的考查上升到了一个更高、更新的层次。2写作步骤(1)认真审题，提炼主题(半)开放作文主要分为图画型、标题型和材料型三种，对于不同类型的开放作文，第一步是相同的，分析图画、标题和材料中所提供的具体要素，明确要素间的关系，进而确定主题。漫画的寓意可能不止一种，学生按自己的理解阐述一个方面即可。(2)联系生活，确立要点以所确立的主题为纲，进一步思考其内涵和外延，联系自己的学习、生活实际，确立写作的要点。近年高考作文题凸显时代性，学生应多关注社会生活。(3)细化要点，布局谋篇将要点进一步细化，使要点更丰满。对于开放作文，我们通常可以采用三段式的写作模式来行文，这样一来文章脉络会很清晰，这在一定程度上降低了行文的难度。(4)斟词酌句，组句成篇选择适当的词语或结构将要点呈现出来。尽可能运用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句型来表达。特别注意在写(半)开放作文时，应注意以下几点：(1)思维可以发散，但是不能太过偏离图画、标题或材料。所有要点都要以图画、标题或材料为根本。(2)要联系实际，这样才不至于使文章看起来只是就事论事。联系实际也能使主题或寓意更具普遍性和现实意义。(3)语言简练。学生失分的主要原因之一就是语言啰唆，看似长篇大论，其实是一大堆的废话。(4)内容正面积极。(半)开放式作文的思想必须是正面的、积极的。3写作素材(1)阐述图画的内容与主题常用到的句型有：As is shown in the picture.As we can see in the picture.In the picture we can see that.From the picture I can see.What an interesting picture!(2)结合生活或学习实际，阐明图画的寓意及其启示常用到的句型有：The picture is trying to tell us that.The picture reflects a common social problem that.The picture vividly shows.The picture conveys a message that.I think the picture wants to show us that.From the picture, we can draw a conclusion that.As the picture suggests.This picture makes me think a lot about.It reminds me of.(3)写作模板两种观点An important question facing us today is_(提出问题)Some people argue that_(观点A). For example,_(举例说明观点A). Again,_(进一步阐述观点A). Opponents of this view say that_(观点B). They claim that_(全面阐述B)In my part, there are merits (依据) to both of these arguments. We should_(赞同A). At the same time,_(也不能忽视B)一个问题的不同观点Nowadays almost everyone discusses about whether. is desirable (值得). Peoples views on it are different.Some people believe_(观点A). They argue that_(阐述观点A). People who believe_(观点 B), on the other hand, argue that_(阐述观点B). They maintain that_(进一步阐述观点B). There is some truth on both sides, yet neither provides a satisfactory answer.In my view,_(我的观点). We should_(进一步阐述我的观点)辩论式. is a question of controversy (争论/辩论). People have different opinions about the matters.Some people think that_(观点A). Others think_(观点B). Therefore, I would like to have a look at the question in this essay. One of the strong points is that_(优势之一). Moreover,_(优势之二). In fact,_(举例说明). On the other hand,_(劣势之一). In addition,_(劣势之二). For example,_(举例说明). As is shown above, I would like to say that_(总结我的观点). So, each case should be reviewed and concluded on the basis of facts.评判式Nowadays,_(题目中的问题). However, this situation has raised controversy(争论). Some people say that_(观点A). They point out that_(进一步阐述观点A). For example,_(举例说明). On the other hand, others say that_(观点B). In my opinion, neither side is completely right.It is true that_(我的观点). For instance,_(举例说明). However,_(从反面来平衡我的观点)考法综述(半)开放作文在给定材料或写作主题的基础上进行思维和联想，自由发挥，自由创作，写出一篇合乎逻辑的短文。命题法(半)开放作文典例请以“One Thing Im Proud of”为题，用英语写一篇100120个词的短文，记述一件你自己认为得意的事情。要求如下：1记述事情经过；2简要说明你感到得意的原因或从中得到的启示。注意：文章的标题已给出(不计词数)。One Thing Im Proud of_One Possible Version：One Thing Im Proud ofI still remember how I became a good table tennis player.The first day I went to high school, I saw some of my classmates playing table tennis. Amazed at how skilful they were, I was determined to be just as good. Later on, I often watched them carefully to learn their techniques. Then I kept practising until I became confident enough to challenge the good players. At the end of the term I became one of the best players in my class.I am really proud of this experience, because it helps me realise that we all can fulfil our potential and achieve our goals through hard work. It also helps me better understand the proverb “Practice makes perfect.”【解题法】(半)开放作文的解题思路从近年高考书面表达的命题方式来看，开放作文的命题形式大致分为三类，一类是通过漫画命题，一类是通过蕴含哲理的句子命题，还有一类是通过给出标题的方式命题。在此我们着重介绍漫画类开放作文的写作技巧。(1)明确写作方向对于含有漫画的开放作文而言，行文过程中要做的工作一般有两个：描绘漫画申明寓意并联系实际发表见解。(2)描绘漫画首先我们要做的是将漫画的内容以文字的形式呈现出来，而且可以通过合理的想象增加一些生动的、漫画之外但又在情理之中的细节信息，以便让读者更好地理解漫画。分析漫画中各元素之间的联系，这样更容易让读者理解漫画内在的含义。对漫画的描绘是理解漫画寓意的基础。(3)申明寓意并联系实际发表见解描绘完漫画的内容之后，我们需要根据对漫画的解读来理出漫画的寓意，并针对这一寓意联系现实生活，进而发表自己的见解。从根本上来讲，只有真正地理解了漫画的寓意，我们所写的文章才不会偏离方向，发表的见解也才能站得住脚。所以通过读漫画找出寓意是极为重要的。而做到这一点需要细致的观察、丰富的想象和严密的思考。(4)根据内容需要确定文章的结构文章所写的内容包括两个部分：对漫画的描绘以及个人对漫画的理解。那么段落也可以相应地划分为两个。以上是写漫画类开放作文时需要特别注意的几点，而对词汇、句式及其他方面的要求，与写其他类作文的要求是一样的，在此不再赘述。Writing 1Section C(25 marks)Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.请以老师当众表扬你为话题，用下面所给句子开头，续写一篇英语短文。As a student， I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.注意：1.将所给句子写在答题卡上；2续写词数不少于120个；3不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。_One Possible Version：As_a_student,_I_can_tell_you_that_there_is_nothing_better_than_being_praised_by_my_teacher_before_my_classmates. I still remember a maths lesson. My maths teacher copied a challenging problem on the blackboard and asked the whole class whether there would be one student who knew how to work it out. Several minutes passed but the whole class was in complete silence. As a matter of fact, I came across the problem in a reference book the other day, so I gathered my courage, walked to the blackboard and worked it out in no time. What a surprised expression was on my maths teachers face! He felt so happy that he praised me in public, saying that I was an intelligent student. At that moment, I became the focus of the whole class and was full of great pride and confidence.Since then, maths has become one of my favorite subjects, and I have also made rapid progress in maths. I appreciate my maths teachers praise and encouragement very much.Writing 2请根据以下提示，并结合具体事例，用英语写一篇短文。Questioning is a bridge to learning. When you begin to doubt something and search for an answer, you will learn.注意：1.无须写标题；2除诗歌外，文体不限；3内容必须结合你生活中的具体事例；4文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；5词数不少于120，如引用提示语则不计入总词数。_One Possible Version：Questioning can lead to searching for an answer. If we are in the habit of raising doubts as to whether what we are told is true, we can find the correct answer and learn more.Two years ago, our teacher offered us an answer to a difficult math problem in class. Although the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it. Thinking that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. Half an hour later, I managed to find the correct answer. When I showed my answer to him, the teacher praised me for my independent thinking.From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.Writing 3某英文报社组织主题为“我喜欢的英语谚语”征文活动，你有意参加。请从下面两句谚语中任选一句作为标题写一篇英语作文，内容须包括：1该谚语的含义；2体现该谚语含义的个人经历。A friend in need is a friend indeed.Where theres a will, theres a way.注意：1.词数120150；2.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。参考词汇：谚语proverb_One Possible Version：Where there is a will, there is a wayI first saw this sentence when I entered junior high school. The moment I came into the classroom, I saw the sentence on the blackboard.I like the proverb because it tells a valuable philosophy of life. Achieving our goals is always not easy, but if we have a strong will, we are sure to realize them.Once I was not very good at English. I didnt know enough English words and my grammar was also poor, which really made me upset. Fortunately, my English teacher noticed my bad situation and said to me, “Dont lose heart. Remember: where there is a will, there is a way.” Suddenly I was reminded of the sentence on the blackboard!From then on, I decided to work hard on my English and it finally paid off. My English improved a lot, and more importantly, I gained much confidence.Writing 4请结合材料，按要求用英文写作。“My friend falls, I laugh; my phone falls, I cry.”要求：1.就此材料发表你的看法；2紧扣材料，有明确的观点；3词数不少于60。_One Possible Version：It is a common phenomenon that some people always say “My friend falls, I laugh; my phone falls, I cry.” I dont think it a reasonable practice for them to behave that way in our society.For one thing, more and more studies have reported that mobile phone addiction causes selfishness, unawareness of the needs of others and disconnection from reality. Secondly, friends are more important than phones in our daily life. As is known to us all, if we are in trouble, it is not our phones but our friends that can really help us out.All in all, good interpersonal skills are a must for our future social life, so put your phone away and make some good friends, which is a really wise move.Writing 5你校正在开展“英语读书周”活动，该活动要求学生摘录名言佳句并相互交流。以下是某同学摘录的句子：A little more persistence, a little more effort, and what seemed hopeless failure may turn to glorious success.请按下列要求用英语写一篇100120词的短文：1针对摘录句中的观点谈谈你的看法；2举例说明理由。_One Possible Version：I like this saying because it stresses the importance of persistence and effort. A lot of people have great ambitions and are eager for success. However, many give up halfway because they lack persistence. Actually, if we keep on trying and dont give up easily, we can achieve our goals in the end.Take English writer JK. Rowling for example. J. K. Rowling had been refused many times before her manuscripts of the Harry Potter books were accepted by publishers. However, she didnt lose heart and went on with her writing. It was her persistence and effort that led to her success as a popular writer.Whatever we do, we should stick to our dreams and keep on trying. Then we are sure to succeed.Writing 6最近，某英文报纸的Readers Voices专栏推出一个话题“Should parents encourage their children to share housework？”邀请读者参与讨论。你打算参与这个讨论，请写一篇英语短文，阐述你的观点和看法。注意：词数120左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Editor，I am Li Hua. I am writing to_Do you agree with me?Yours，Li HuaOne Possible Version：Dear_Editor，I_am_Li_Hua._I_am_writing_to_ express my opinion on whether parents should encourage their children to share housework at home.Nowadays, many parents dont allow their children to share housework at home, thinking that they are so busy with their lessons that they have no time for housework.Actually it is wrong for children not to share housework with their parents because they have to live an independent life when they grow up. So it is necessary for them to learn to take good care of themselves. Doing housework provides a chance for children to learn some life skills, which are beneficial to their future development.Therefore, I think parents should encourage their children to do some housework at home.Do_you_agree_with_me?Yours，Li_HuaWriting 7火车、地铁、公交车内的“低头族”越来越多，尤其是年轻人，上车后很快拿出手机，不管路程长短，不论坐着还是站着，人人眼睛都盯着手机屏幕，有的人走路也在看手机针对这一现象，发表你的看法。注意：1.行文连贯流畅；2词数100左右。参考词汇：低头族phubber_One Possible Version：The mobile phone has been part of our life. Mobile phones bring us much convenience. However, more and more phubbers, especially young people, would like to stare at their screens, surfing the Internet or playing games, whether they are on a bus or a train, and no matter how far the journey is. And they will not even miss the chance to surf the Internet while crossing the street. They never care about what happens around.As far as I am concerned, phubbing on a moving bus does harm to their eyes. Besides, phubbing is also dangerous while crossing the street. I hope phubbers stop staring at their mobile phones and hold up their heads to enjoy surroundings.Writing 8请根据以下提示，结合你生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文。A life without a goal is a life without hope.注意：1.无须写标题；2除诗歌外，文体不限；3内容必须结合生活中的一个事例；4文中不得透露个人姓名及班级名称；5词数为120左右。_One Possible Version：As John Ruskin puts it, “Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass”. Goals of life determine what we are going to be.I used to be so addicted to computer games that I had little time for study and thus fell behind. My parents and teachers were greatly worried about me. It was what my English teacher said to me that helped me out. She told me that I must have my own goal of life, otherwise my future would be hopeless and that playing computer games was fun but it wouldnt guarantee me a bright future. I finally realized that I must set up a goal and work hard towards it right away. In the days that followed, whenever I felt tired or had an urge to play computer games, I thought of my goal and soon regained strength.As the saying goes, a life without a goal is a life without hope. Bearing my goal of life in mind, I am always full of energy in my study.Writing 9近年来，名校受到越来越多的家长和学生的推崇。请你结合这个现象写一篇英语短文，分析出现“名校热”的原因，并针对这个现象谈谈你的看法。注意：词数100左右。_One Possible Version：In recent years, more and more parents want to send their children to famous schools because they think it can ensure that their children go to famous universities.It is true that famous schools are equipped with better teaching facilities. However, not every student is fit for famous schools where there is fierce competition among students. And students there have to work much harder than students in other schools.I hope the government will take effective measures to make sure all the schools provide equally good education. In this way, all the students have equal right to highquality education.易错题：缺乏想象、语言运用能力例 近年来，家长在学校附近租房陪读成为一种时尚。最近，某英语报开辟了一个讨论专栏，就“Should parents accompany their studying children？”这个话题征询读者的意见。假设你叫李华，是一名高中生。请根据上面的要求写一份英语稿件，谈谈家长该不该陪读。注意：1.词数120左右。2开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear Editor，I am Li Hua, a high school student. I am writing to share my opinion with you on whether parents should accompany their studying children._Do you agree with me?Yours，Li Hua学生作文错因分析本文属于开放性很强的写作，对考生英语运用能力的要求很高。此类作文要求考生能够自由发挥，联系生活，给出自己的看法。此考生很好地做到了这一点，使文章脉络清晰，行文完整，是一篇非常成功的作文。但美中不足的是个别句式结构及词汇的应用。心得体会12
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