资源描述
专题28图画作文考纲展示命题探究1命题特点图画作文通常是给出一幅或多幅图片，要求考生仔细分析图片内容，并通过文字形式将图中所包含的思想内容准确地表达出来。试题具有如下特征：(1)素材贴近生活。此类书面表达一般都是中学生所熟悉的场景，画面生动形象，具有趣味性。以图为载体，附带少量文字提示或说明。要求考生从观察入手，通过对画面的理解，发挥想象力，按照一定的要求把图画内容准确、生动地加工成书面语言。(2)文体形式多样。图画作文有记叙文、说明文和议论文等；时态要视图画反映的内容而定，介绍人物或叙述某件事的发展过程，通常用一般过去时，揭示或反映某个社会现象则用一般现在时；人称一般根据图画的内容，用第一人称或第三人称。2写作步骤(1)根据提示，全面审题确定体裁。针对此类题型，考生应仔细阅读图画及文字说明，首先确定文章体裁。目前图画作文的体裁主要涉及记叙文、议论文和夹叙夹议文。对多幅图来说，体裁主要是记叙文，有时也会是夹叙夹议文。多幅图有时反映了事件背后的某种现象，这就需要加上适当的议论，进而变为夹叙夹议文。对于单幅图来说，体裁主要为议论文。确定人称。如果以日记、回忆录等形式来写，一般采用第一人称；如果是以讲故事的形式来写，则一般采用第三人称。但不管用哪种人称，全文一般都必须一致。确定时态。根据图画内容及所采用的文章体裁，确定文章所要用的时态。确定主题。在审题时，考生要认真分析图画所反映的内容以及出题者的意图，分析图画的表层含义和深层含义，通过表层含义分析图画真正想要说明的问题是什么，从而挖掘出其深层含义以确定文章的主题。(2)认真读图，进行图文转换图画是作文的信息基础。考生应对图画进行全面而细致的研究，尤其要注意图画中人或物的特点和背景，确定人物之间、人物与背景之间的主要关系，以便正确掌握图画所传达的信息。如果图画以系列形式(即多幅)出现，考生除需掌握每一幅图画的信息外，还应该对图画之间的相互联系有所了解，从整体上把握图画所呈现的主要内容。然后将图画所传达的信息以文字的形式呈现出来，并对转换后的信息重新整合，确定主要内容。(3)确定段落，草拟提纲根据图画内容及体裁的不同采用不同的段落发展方式。一般情况下，图画作文(尤其是事理型和漫画型图画作文)可以当作三段式的提纲作文来写：第一段用来描述图画并揭示其寓意(寓意一般用一句话来概括)，第二段分析原因，最后一段发表评论或提出建议。其中第二、三段是写作的重点。叙事型图画作文(通常会涉及多幅图，要求对某一事件的发生、发展进行描述)可根据图画的数目和具体内容来确定段落。(4)斟词酌句，组句成文根据要点内容，选择恰当的词语和固定结构。结合要点间的关系及文章的体裁，选择适当的句子类型。特别注意考生在写图画作文时，有时难以取得比较理想的成绩，其原因主要有：(1)观察图画不细致，不能准确地对图画内容加以分析概括；(2)分不清内容的主次，从而不能层次分明地表达作文的主题；(3)图与图之间的意思不衔接、不连贯；(4)找出的要点太乱、太杂，没有条理性；(5)不能紧扣主题，随意发挥。3写作素材(1)常用句式描述图画部分From the picture we can see that.As is shown in the picture.As we can see in the picture.The picture shows us that.This is a funny and instructive picture, from which we can see.Look at the picture. It is a picture about.论述图画寓意及所反映现象部分The picture reflects/implies that.The picture illustrates a common phenomenon in todays society.Apparently, the picture reflects a major social problem.This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.What the picture reflects sets me thinking a lot.发表评论与观点部分In my view/As for me/Speaking for myself/As far as Im concerned, we should take measures to avoid this phenomenon happening again.(2)写作模板As is shown in the picture above,_(图画的内容). The first thing we notice is that_(图画的最大特点). This means that_(进一步说明). The implied meaning of the picture should be considered/taken into account seriously/paid more attention to. First，_(分析、说明原因或结果). Second/Whats more，_(分析、说明原因或结果). Last but not least/Finally，_(分析、说明原因或结果). And the problem has aroused the great concern/care of the whole society/world/all the people around. In my view/As for me, we should take measures to deal with the problem shown in the picture. First, we should_(措施、建议、办法). And then we have to_(措施、建议、办法). Only in these ways can we solve/settle the problem of_(图画主要问题)考法综述图画作文主要以图画为载体、附带少量文字提示或说明，要求考生从观察入手，通过对画面意思的理解发挥想象力，按照一定的要求把图画内容准确、生动地加工成书面语言。命题法图画作文典例假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英语写一篇周记，记述爸爸出差期间，妈妈生病，你照顾她的过程。注意：1.周记的开头已经为你写好；2词数不少于60。Last Monday,_One Possible Version：Last_Monday,_my father said goodbye to my mother and me and went on a business trip. He would be away for three days. Just the next morning, I found my mother didnt feel well. She had a cold. I immediately went to get her some medicine and then prepared some noodles for her. With my special care, my mother recovered quickly. When my father came back home, my mother told him what had happened. He praised me for what I had done.I feel very happy that I have done something for my mother.【解题法】图画作文的解题思路纵观近几年高考，图画作文大致可分为两类：事件记叙类和描图感怀类。对于事件记叙类图画作文而言，无非是要求考生按照图画次序将事件的发生、发展及结果表达出来，此类图画作文主要采用叙述这一表达方式。描图感怀类图画作文要求考生首先描写图画内容，之后在图画内容的基础上表达个人感想，此类图画作文通常采用描写和议论的写作手法。(1)事件记叙类图画作文写作技巧大略审图，明确事件一般而言，事件记叙类图画作文的图片不止一幅，我们首先要做的是大致浏览图片，找出所要记叙的事件是什么。图文转化，提炼要点每幅图片都会传达特定的信息，因为图片是静态的，上面不可能传达太多的信息，所以单幅图片的信息量一般不会特别大。我们要把每幅图片所传达的信息找出来，这就是我们需要的要点，而所有要点集合起来也就是文章的提纲了。所以准确找出每幅图片的信息，并将它们用文字呈现出来是写好事件记叙类图画作文的关键所在。呈现要点，斟词酌句对基础比较差的学生而言，为了保险起见，用常见的词和简单的句式将各幅图中的要点表述出来，并用适当的词或结构将它们串联起来就可以构成一篇完整的文章。准确地完成这样一篇要点齐全的文章基本可以拿到比较理想的分数。如果能够在此基础上对文章的细节信息进行合理的扩展，并对文章的句式、结构进行优化(采用比较高级的句式、结构等)，那么得到一个很高的分数并非难事。(2)描图感怀类图画作文写作技巧描图感怀类图画作文通常只有一幅图。对于此类书面表达，所要做的基本上也就两项工作：描图和议论。描图和议论可以分为两个段落来呈现。认真读图，细致描图将图中的内容用文字信息表述出来，这是一个比较客观的信息转化过程，不需要掺杂个人情感。理解图魂，理出寓意从图画内容的描写中理出图画所要传达的主题，并推断出图画信息的寓意，这是对图画内容的升华，也是发表议论的基础。联系实际，发表感言结合图画的寓意和生活实际，阐述个人的看法。这是图画寓意在现实生活中的回归。Writing 1请阅读下面图画，按要求用英语写一篇词数为120左右的短文。内容要求：1描述画面；2概述其含义；3谈谈个人感想。注意：1.短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；2可适当发挥，使文章内容充实、行文连贯；3文中不能出现考生的具体信息。参考词汇：凿，钻 boreIn the picture，_One Possible Version：In_the_picture,_we can see a boy in worn clothes, sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it. A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.This is a wellknown story from an ancient Chinese idiom. The boy, being poor, couldnt afford even a candle, so he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbors house to read at night. The moral of the story is: spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be.Of course, things are totally different today. It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts. Hard work pays off. We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.Writing 2假定你是学生会主席李华。学校将举办一次以“校园生活创意无限”(Innovations on Campus)为主题的创意作品展评活动。请你根据以下图示，以短文形式用英语写一份书面通知。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯；3开头及结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：校园campus；创意作品innovation；颁奖prizegivingNoticeAn exciting event “Innovations on Campus” is around the corner._Come on, everybody! Its your show time. Student UnionOne Possible Version：NoticeAn_exciting_event_“Innovations_on_Campus”_is_around_the_corner. Everyone of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills.Note that your innovations must be school things. Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.All the collections will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym. Looking forward to the prizegiving ceremony? Sure! Itll be held from 15：00 to 17：00 on June 18. So dont miss the chance of being the winner. Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. For any questions, call Li Hua at 44876655.Come_on,_everybody!_Its_your_show_time.Student_UnionWriting 3请你根据对下面这幅漫画的理解，以“Come back to reality”为题，用英语写一篇作文。你的作文应包括以下内容：1简要描述漫画的内容；2概述你对这幅漫画的理解；3举例说明你会怎样做。注意：1.可参照漫画适当发挥；2作文词数100左右；3作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。 Come back to reality_One Possible Version： Come back to realityAs is shown in the picture, a woman is sitting in front of a computer and trying to make friends on the Net. Just outside the door, many people are watching, eager to make friends with her. However, they are all neglected.The picture reminds me of many young people who are computer addicts in the virtual world. What is worse is that the situation continues and sooner or later those people will be eventually cut off from the real world. There is no doubt that the virtual world can be exciting, but thats not the reason for them. Too much time and energy devoted to the Internet will lead to a disaster both physically and mentally. In other words, the real world that we live in is what really counts.As for myself, Ill devote myself to more worthwhile things in real life, from making friends to studying, only in this way can I make my life full and valuable.Writing 4假如你是红星中学高三(1)班的李华，上周六在公园做了一件好事：救了一名落水儿童。请根据下边四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，叙述事情发生的全过程并简要谈谈自己的感受。注意：1.周记的开头已为你写好(不计入总词数)；2词数100左右。It was sunny last Saturday._One Possible Version：It_was_sunny_last_Saturday. I went to the park to spend my weekend as usual.At about noon, I was absorbed in a book when I heard a cry for help. I jumped up and was shocked to find a little child struggling in the lake, while many people were standing by without doing anything. Without hesitation, I took off my coat and jumped into the water. The water was so cold that I was nearly frozen. However, I made my way to the child and took him to the bank.I felt happy, for I did a good deed. I think it is a virtue to help those in need.Writing 5假设你是图片上拿着酒瓶的MR DRUNK。图片描述的是你昨天经历的一件事。请写一篇不少于100词的日记记录这件事的过程，并写出自己对此事的认识。注意：1.可适当发挥想象，增加细节，以使行文连贯；2文中不得出现与本人及学校相关的任何真实信息。参考词汇：醉驾drunk drivingWednesday Oct.2nd, 2014SunnyYesterday I joined a classmate party. I was very happy to see my old friends, who I hadnt met for years.And I drank a little._ _So I appeal to everybody never to drink and drive! Cherish your life!One Possible Version：Wednesday_Oct.2nd,_2014 SunnyYesterday_I_joined_a_classmate_party._I_was_very_happy_to_see_my_old_friends,_who_I_hadnt_met_for_years._And_I_drank_a_little.After the party, I drove home though my classmates had tried to persuade me not to. As the night got darker, the wine began to take effect. All of a sudden, I cracked my car against a sign on the road.A policeman was around and came towards me. He fined me and said, “I hope that you will never drive after drinking.”I realized that the effects of drunk driving can be serious and long lasting for all those involved. Many people who drink and drive do not think of the serious consequences of their action until it is too late.So_I_appeal_to_everybody_never_to_drink_and_drive!_Cherish_your_life!Writing 6请根据下列两幅漫画写一篇短文，短文内容应包括以下几个要点：1妈妈阻止儿子去扶摔倒的女孩；2儿子对于倒了的油瓶置之不理。注意：1.写作时要适当地发挥，语言连贯，要写出妈妈的惊诧，还要写出自己对此幅漫画的感受和观点；2.词数100左右。_One Possible Version：As can be seen from the first picture, a boy was trying to help a girl who fell over on the ground while his mom said to him, “Dont do that. Otherwise others would think it was you who knocked her down.” In the second picture, the boy was sitting leisurely with a spilled oil bottle lying on the ground. Mom was greatly shocked by the boys words：“If I had lifted it, you would think it was I who brought it down.”I disagree with what the mother did in the story. I think parents should educate their children to help others who are in trouble.易错题：要点残缺，一盘散沙例作为社区的志愿者，你与同班的几名同学每隔一周的星期六就会到学校附近的儿童福利院，为暂时无法回家的儿童做一些力所能及的事情。请根据提示及图画内容为学校的墙报写一篇报道。注意：词数100左右。参考词汇：儿童福利院childrens home学生作文错因分析写这篇作文时，考生没有仔细观察图画中的细节，忽视了第一幅图画中“钟表”指的是两点这个细节。另外，考生忽略了第三幅图画中的一些活动。而且这四幅图画是一个连环画，叙述时需使用恰当的过渡词进行衔接。如果要点残缺或者语句之间缺乏必要的过渡性词语，整篇文章便显得杂乱无章。心得体会11
展开阅读全文