江苏省2019高考英语 第二部分 语法核心突破 第十三课时 构词法练习（含解析）

第十三课时构词法李仕才感 悟 高 考1.They gave money to the old peoples home either_or through their companies.(2015安徽卷)A.legally B.sincerelyC.personally D.deliberately答案C句意：他们或者亲自或者通过他们的公司给敬老院送钱。legally合法地，法律上；sincerely真诚地，由衷地，诚恳地；personally亲自，当面，个别地，就自己而言；deliberately故意地，谨慎地，慎重地。根据or through their companies可知personally为正确答案。2.The girl used to be shy，but is _ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.(2015湖北卷)A.gradually B.usuallyC.previously D.merely答案A句意：这个女孩以前很害羞，但是正(逐渐地)在小组活动中变得积极起来，而且更愿意表达自己了。根据题干中的is和getting可知，这里表示循序渐进的过程，故选gradually(逐渐地)。usually通常；previously先前地；merely仅仅。要 点 精 析一、派生法1. 表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀前缀例词dis-advantagedisadvantage缺点comfortdiscomfort不舒适il-legalillegal不合法的logicalillogical不合逻辑的im-patientimpatient不耐烦的moralimmoral不道德的in-formalinformal非正式的convenientinconvenient不方便的ir-regularirregular不规则的responsibleirresponsible不负责任的mis-leadmislead误导understandmisunderstand误解un-willingunwilling不愿意的happyunhappy不高兴的后缀例词-lesshopehopeless绝望的carecareless粗心的2. 变动词的前缀和后缀前缀例词en-largeenlarge扩大richenrich使充实；使丰富后缀例词-enbroadbroaden使变宽hardharden使变硬-ifyclassclassify把分类beautybeautify美化-izeapologyapologize道歉emphasisemphasize强调3.形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加-ly可变成相应意义的副词直接加-lyextremeextremely尤其，非常stupidstupidly 傻地改y为-ilyhappyhappily快乐地merrymerrily 快乐地去e加-lytruetruly真实地4.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshortshortage不足；短缺-cyefficientefficiency效率；功效accurateaccuracy准确性-domfreefreedom自由；自主wisewisdom明智；智慧-encedifferentdifference差异silentsilence沉默-nessweakweakness虚弱；弱点carelesscarelessness粗心大意-thstrongstrength力气；强项widewidth宽度-ycruelcruelty残忍-tydisabledisability无能；残疾-ityresponsibleresponsibility责任5. 动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-alapproveapproval赞成；批准arrivearrival到来-anceappearappearance出现；外貌performperformance表演；节目-enceexistexistence存在；生存referreference参考；查阅-ionconstructconstruction建设evaluateevaluation评估-ationconsiderconsideration考虑imagineimagination想象力-(s)siondiscussdiscussion讨论；辩论admitadmission接纳；准许入学-inghearhearing听力；听觉beginbeginning开始-mentargueargument辩论；论据equipequipment设备-urefailfailure失败；没做到presspressure压力-turemixmixture混合；混合物departdeparture离开；出发-yrecoverrecovery恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery发现其他varyvariety多样化；种类tendtendency趋向；趋势6. 表示“人”的后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。后缀例词-rvillagevillager村民strangestranger陌生人-arlieliar说谎者-eeemployemployee受雇者；雇员interviewinterviewee被面试者-orinventinventor发明家educateeducator教育家；教师-essstewardstewardess 女乘务员hosthostess 女主人；女主持人-eseChinaChinese中国人JapanJapanese日本人-anAmericaAmerican美国人AustraliaAustralian澳洲人-ianhistoryhistorian历史学家politicspolitician政治家；政客-istspecialspecialist专家tourtourist旅行者；观光者-antparticipateparticipant参加者assistassistant助手；图书管理员7. 动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词-ableacceptacceptable可接受的comfortcomfortable舒适的-alpersonpersonal个人的；私人的naturenatural自然的；天生的-fulhopehopeful有希望的peacepeaceful和平的-edconfuseconfused感到困惑的borebored感到厌倦的-ingsurprisesurprising令人惊讶的convinceconvincing令人信服的-ibleaccessaccessible容易到达的；容易取得的horrorhorrible可怕的；恐怖的-iveeffecteffective有效的；生效的instructinstructive有教育意义的-ousanxietyanxious忧虑的curiositycurious好奇的-sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome麻烦的-ytastetasty美味的；可口的wealthwealthy富裕的；丰富的dirtdirty有灰尘的；脏的-erneasteastern东方的；向东的westwestern西方的；向西的-ishfoolfoolish愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish自私的-icsciencescientific科学的historyhistoric历史上著名的-aryimagineimaginary想象中的二、转化法不改变词形，把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。动词名词walktake a walk散步swimhave a swim游泳名词动词book n.v.预订milk n.v.挤奶形容词动词slow adj.v.减慢narrow adj.v.使变窄；(差距等)缩小形容词副词hard adj.困难的adv.努力地high adj.高的adv.高deep adj.深的adv.深wide adj.宽的adv.广阔地针 对 训 练用所给词的适当形式填空1.CHRONOLOGICA is an informative(inform)and entertaining(entertain)tour into history，beautifully(beauty) illustrated and full of unbelievable(believe) facts.(2017江苏卷 阅读A)2.The second principle is to loosen(loose)the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them.(2017江苏卷阅读C)3.While clean energy is increasingly(increase) used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放)peak. (2017江苏卷阅读D)4.Increasing Earths reflectiveness(reflect)can cool the planet.(2017江苏卷阅读D)5.But during the past decade declining rainfull has allowed him to plant highly profitable(profit) crops. (2017江苏卷阅读D)6.People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is，no knowledge is useless (use).7.Curiously (curious)，I gave him my full attention.8.However，Mare Van Rijsselberg，a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a mixture (mix) of sea and fresh water to grow healthy and tasty vegetables.9.But such a small thing couldnt possibly (possible) destroy a village.10.Just imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed upon me.I had no other choice (choose)，though.11.That little act of kindness (kind) made everyone who saw it feel goodbut it made me feel the best of all!12.He sank into depression (depress) when both his parents left him and went to the south in search of a better-paid job.13.Several days later，out of my expectation (expect)，I saw it quietly stand in a corner of the house where I worked.I was extremely glad to regain it.14.As far as I am concerned，my suggestion (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.15.In addition，there were no claims against the loss (lose) of 50 coins and I order the girl and his father to take those 50 coins as appreciation for their honesty! 7