2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷31

2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题It is more important to pave the way for childrens desire to know than to put them on a diet of facts they are not ready to assimilate. Even if you feel you have little knowledge of nature at your disposal, there is still much you can do for your child. Wherever you are and whatever your resources, you can still look up at the skyits dawn and evening beauties its moving clouds, its start by night. You can listen to the wind, whether it blows with majestic voice through a forest or sings a many voiced chorus around the corners of your apartment building, and in the listening you can gain magical release for your thoughts. You can still feel the rain on your face and think of is long journey from sea to air to earth and wonder at the mysteries of natural selection embodied in the perfume and flavor of a fruit. Even if you are a city dweller, you can find some place, perhaps a park or a golf course, where you can observe the mysterious migrations of the birds and the changing seasons. And with your child you can ponder the mystery of a growing seed, even if its just one planted in a pot of earth in the kitchen window.【答案】为孩子们的求知欲铺平道路比让他们接受他们还没有准备好吸收的事实更重要。即使你觉得你掌握的自然知识甚为寥寥，你仍可以为你的孩子做许多事情。无论你身在何处，不管你智谋高低，你仍然可以仰望天空看它的拂晓与黄昏之美，看它的游云，看它夜晚时的星光。你可以倾听风的歌声，无论是用宏伟的歌喉呼啸着穿过森林，还是在你的公寓大楼拐角处唱着多声部的合唱。而在倾听中，你可以让思想神奇地奔放。你仍然能感觉到打在你脸上的雨点，想着它从大海到天空再到地面的漫长旅程，对水果的芳香所体现的自然选择的神奇惊叹不已。即使你居住在城市，也能找到某个地方，也许是公园或是高尔夫球场，在那儿能观察鸟类神奇莫测的迁徙和四季的交替。你可以和你的孩子一起思索种子生长的奥秘，即使它只是一颗种在厨房窗台上的一盆泥土之中的种子。2. 单选题He wants to follow in his fathers footsteps to be a teacher because he regards teaching as an honorable （ ）.问题1选项A.callingB.taskC.employmentD.duty【答案】B【解析】句意：他想追随他父亲的脚步成为一名教师, 因为他认为教学是一项光荣的任务。选项A和C表示职务, 教学不是职务, 所以不正确；选项B更符合语境。3. 单选题The fossil record suggests that new species do not arise _, but instead develop gradually from other existing species.问题1选项A.instantaneouslyB.tranquillyC.permanentlyD.scientifically【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项instantaneously“即刻；突如其来地”；B选项tranquilly“平静地”；C选项permanently“永久地”；D选项scientifically“系统地”。句意：化石记录表明，新物种并非_出现，而是由其他现存物种逐渐发展而来。新物种是一步步发展起来的，所对应的是非凭空出现，A选项instantaneously“突如其来地”符合题意。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题The teacher was in a rage with him, for his handwriting in the composition was （ ） .问题1选项A.illegibleB.incomprehensibleC.inaudibleD.decipherable【答案】A【解析】illegible难以辨认的, 字迹潦草的；incomprehensible费解的, 不可思议的；inaudible听不见的；decipherable可辨认的, 可解密的。句意：老师对他很生气, 因为他的作文字迹潦草。选项A符合句意。5. 单选题If a decision is taken with majority voting, each member state can, in special cases,（ ）its particular national interests.问题1选项A.triggerB.assertC.fosterD.salute【答案】B【解析】trigger触发, 引起；assert维护, 主张；foster培养；salute致敬, 行礼。句意：如果一个决策以多数票通过, 那么在特殊情况下, 每一个成员国都可以维护其各自的国家利益。选项B符合句意。6. 单选题Competent researchers cite the most authoritative source, but what counts as authoritative again varies by field. Note the authorities whom researchers in your field cite most often, what procedures they trust, what records they regularly cite. If you are dealing with primary sources (original texts of books, plays, diaries, and so on), be sure that your edition is recent and published by a reputable press. There are on-line electronic editions of Shakespeare so sloppily edited that using them would label you as incompetent.When students are unfamiliar with or cant find authoritative secondary sources-scholarly journals and booksthey often resort to tertiary sources: textbooks, articles in encyclopedias, mass-circulation publications. If these are the only sources available, so be it, but never assume that they are authoritative. Be especially cautious about books on complex issues intended for mass audiences. Authors who write for the ordinary reader about brains or black holes are usually competent, sometimes distinguished researchers. But they must always simplify, sometimes oversimplify, and are always out of date. So if you start your research with a popular book, look at the dates of the journals cited in its bibliography.Authority also depends on being current, but again, different fields judge currency in different ways. In the sciences, out-of-data might be a month ago. In the humanities, a scholar might judge as reliable a book more than a century old. The best way to judge currency is to skim dates in bibliographies of recent journal articles. What seems to be the cutoff date? Assume that most textbooks and reference books are out-of-date.1.The authors purpose of writing this passage is to tell students（ ） .2.The authors would probably agree with which of the following statements?3.According to the authors, what are authoritative sources?4.Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence “what counts as authoritative again varies by field”？5.What can be inferred from the passage?问题1选项A.how to cite authoritative sourcesB.how to be competent researchersC.how to judge authoritative sourcesD.how to read authoritative journals问题2选项A.Competent researchers may not refer to on-line electronic editions.B.Scientific books might be regarded as out-of-date if they were cited a month ago.C.Students should not resort to tertiary sources even if they are unfamiliar with or cant find authoritative secondary sources.D.Original texts of books, plays, and diaries are not authoritative books.问题3选项A.On-line electronic editions.B.The edition that is recent and published by a reputable press.C.A reliable book more than a century ago.D.Books on complex issues intended for mass audiences.问题4选项A.Authoritative sources are considered important in some fields.B.The number of authoritative sources varies in different fields.C.The importance of authoritative sources is different in research fields.D.Authoritative sources are judged differently in different fields.问题5选项A.Out-of-date sources are not counted as authoritative.B.Students should not use popular books.C.Primary sources are the best authoritative sources.D.Secondary sources are hard to find【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知, 本文主要讲的是如何判断资源的权威性, 选项C更符合原文。2.推理判断题。选项A明显错误；根据第二段第一句可知, 选项C表述错误；根据第一段第三句可知, 选项D表述错误；根据最后一段第一句“Authority also depends on being current.”可推断, 作者认为权威是有时效性的。所以选项B。3.细节事实题。根据第一段第三句“If you are dealing with primary sources (original texts of books, plays, diaries, and so on), be sure that your edition is recent and published by a reputable press.” 选项B与原文表述一致。4.推理判断题。句意指“什么才算权威又因领域而异”, 再根据原文内容可知, 作者指的是“不同领域对权威来源的判断是不同的。”选项D符合原文。5.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知, 作者强调权威资料具有时效性, 说明过时的资料不具备权威性。选项A正确。7. 翻译题参与并取胜，这就是奥林匹克精神。他表现于弱者勇于向强者挑战，也表现于强者力争取得更好的成绩。胜而又胜，优而更优，这种理想一直鼓舞着运动员奋力前进。有人说竞技者终宄会是失败者，即使是最佳运动员也终将被更强者淘汰。成千上万个失败者才涌现一个胜利者，这个胜利者最终仍将被取代，挤出光荣榜这就是竞技运动的规律。然而运动员却从不为这种不可避免的失败结局所沮丧，仍然力争最佳发挥。【答案】To participate and to winthat is the Olympic spirit. It finds expression in the weak daring to defy the strong, and the strong striving for ever better performance. Ever betterthe ideal always luring a sportsman forward. It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeatedeven the best is bound to be surpassed by someone still stronger. Thousands of losers set off one victor who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list. This is the rule of sports. However, undaunted by the inevitable failure, he is always striving to do the best he can.8. 单选题The area around the main railroad station and exhibition hall offers an（ ）combination of ancient history and natural history.问题1选项A.arrogantB.agreeableC.ambitiousD.innocent【答案】B【解析】arrogant自大的, 傲慢的；agreeable令人愉快的, 和蔼可亲的；ambitious野心勃勃的；innocent无知的。句意：主火车站和展览馆周围的区域呈现出古代历史和自然历史的完美结合。根据句意这里应填入的为褒义词, 所以选项B符合语境。9. 单选题Because of their chemical structure, synthetic dyes generally（ ） more slowly than natural ones.问题1选项A.penetrateB.evaporateC.fadeD.secede【答案】C【解析】penetrate渗透, 看透；evaporate蒸发, 挥发；fade褪色；secede 脱离, 退出。句意：由于化学结构的原因, 合成染料通常比天然染料褪色慢。选项C符合句意。10. 单选题The financial problem of this company is further（ ） by the rise in interest rates.问题1选项A.increasedB.strengthenedC.reinforcedD.aggravated【答案】D【解析】increase增加；strengthen加强；reinforce増强，加固；aggravate恶化，加剧。句意：利率的上升使这家公司的财务问题进一步恶化。选项D符合句意。11. 单选题The medicine（ ） his pain but did not cure his illness.问题1选项A.increasedB.alleviatedC.interruptedD.deteriorated【答案】B【解析】increase增加；alleviate减轻，缓和；interrupt中断，打扰；deteriorate恶化。根据句意可知，这里指减轻疼痛，选项B符合句意。12. 单选题John（ ）on his mistake long after the test was over.问题1选项A.consideredB.dweltC.contemplateD.figured【答案】B【解析】dwell on为固定搭配，指“细想，凝思”。句意：测试结束后很久，约翰还在想着他的错误。选项B符合句意。13. 单选题_ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.问题1选项A.WhatB.AsC.ItD.That【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：人们普遍认为，经济增长取决于生产的顺利发展。as引出非限定性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明，通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。B选项As符合题意，其余选项语法错误。因此B选项正确。14. 单选题Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one of every five Americans at work was employed, i.e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago “being employed” meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years; middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working populationgrowing so fast that the industrial worker, the oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanists trade or bookkeeping. Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly, more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, and the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.1. It is implied that fifty years ago _.2. According to the passage, with the development of modem modern industry _.3. The word “dubious” (underlined in Para 2.) most probably means _.4. According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is _.5. From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one _.问题1选项A.eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factoriesB.twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employeesC.the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workersD.the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers问题2选项A.factory laborers will overtake intellectual employees in numberB.the proportion of factory laborers in the total employee population has decreasedC.employers have attached great importance to factory laborersD.there are as many middle-class employees as factory laborers问题3选项A.valuableB.usefulC.doubtfulD.helpful问题4选项A.as important as the ability to deal with public relationsB.less important than awareness of being a good employeeC.more important than employer employee relationsD.as important as the ability to co-operate with others in the organization问题5选项A.to be more successful in his careerB.to be more specialized in his fieldC.to solve technical problemsD.to develop his professional skill【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段And when fifty years ago “being employed” meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills.（50年前，“被雇佣”的意思是作为工厂工人或农场工人工作，而今天的雇员越来越多地是中产阶级，接受过大量的正规教育，从事需要智力和技术技能的专业或管理工作。），由此可知50年前，当人们提到被雇佣时想到的是工厂或农场工人，而现在想到的是中产阶级，由此可推断出50年前，知识分子作为雇员工作的占比没有产业工人的大，所以D选项“知识分子作为雇员工作的百分比没有产业工人的百分比大”正确。A选项“百分之八十的美国工人受雇于工厂”和B选项“百分之二十的美国知识分子是雇员”对应文章第二句“大约一百年前，每五个在工作的美国人中只有一个被雇佣，即为别人工作。”，此处说的是一百年前，并不是五十年，且此处要表达的意思是一百年前百分之二十的美国工人受雇于工厂，所以A选项和B选项说法都不正确，属于反向干扰；C选项“知识分子在全体劳动力中的比例几乎与产业工人的比例相同”说法错误，文章第一段说到50年前，知识分子作为雇员工作的占比没有产业工人的大，所以C选项属于反向干扰。因此D选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working populationgrowing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.（事实上，在过去的50年里，美国社会有两个特点：中产阶级和上层社会的雇员一直是我们劳动人口中增长最快的群体增长如此之快，以至于工业革命时以体力为主的工人在数量上已经失去了重要性，尽管工业生产在扩大。），由此可推断出产业工人的数量减少了，所以B选项“产业工人在总雇员人口中的比例有所下降”正确。A选项“产业工人的数量将超过知识型员工”和D选项“中产阶级雇员和产业工人一样多”与原文表述不符，属于反向干扰；C选项“雇主非常重视产业工人”文章没有提到，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。3.词汇推断题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段开头Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion.（然而，你会发现几乎没有任何关于如何成为一名员工的内容。但是你却可以找到很多关于如何获得工作或晋升非常_的建议。），根据第一句几乎没有什么文章写道应该如何成为一名员工，却有如何获得工作或晋升的建议，所以不难推测这种建议是不可信的，因此C选项“可疑的；不可信的”正确。A选项“有价值的”；B选项“有用的”；D选项“有帮助的”都与原文所表达的意思相反，属于反向干扰，因此C选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段Certainly, more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade（当然，更多的人失败是因为他们不知道作为一名员工的要求，而不是因为他们没有充分掌握自己的行业技能），由此可推断作者认为知道自己作为员工的要求，即做一名好员工比掌握专业知识技能更重要，所以B选项“不如意识到自己要做一名好员工那么重要”正确。A选项“与处理公共关系的能力同等重要”、C选项“比劳资关系更重要”和D选项“与组织中其他人合作的能力同样重要”文章都没有提到，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到最后一段最后两句employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skillthe higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, and the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.（对成功来说，雇佣制度比特殊的专业知识或技能更为重要你的职位越高，你进入行政或管理工作的机会就越多，你就越重视在组织内的工作能力，而不是技术能力或专业知识。），由此可知雇佣制度有利于帮助一个人在他的职业生涯中取得较大成功，所以A选项“在他的事业上更成功”正确。B选项“在他的领域更专业”、C选项“解决技术问题”以及D选项“发展他的专业技能”都与文章表述不符，此处提到了雇佣制度中，知道自己作为员工的要求比任何专业知识、技术知识以及专业技能都更重要，B、C、D选项属于反向干扰。因此A选项正确。15. 单选题All things in the universe are interrelated and（ ）with each other.问题1选项A.interveneB.interfereC.interruptD.interact【答案】D【解析】intervene干涉，插入；interfere妨碍，打扰；interrupt闯入，打断；interact相互影响，相互作用。根据句意可知，这里指世界上所有的事物都是相互联系，相互影响的。选项D符合句意。16. 写作题“Financial gain should be the most important factor in choosing a career.”Discuss the extent to which you agree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from own experience, observations, or reading.【答案】Financial Gain Should Not Be the Most Important Factor in Choosing a Career17. 单选题In that movie an （ ） spacecraft hovered the city for a shot while before it vanished in the distance.问题1选项A.alienB.animatedC.allergicD.ambiguous【答案】A【解析】alien外国的, 外星人的；animated活生生, 活泼的；allergic对.过敏的；ambiguous模糊不清的。句意：电影中一艘外星人的飞船在城市上空盘旋了一会儿, 然后消失在远处。选项A符合句意。18. 单选题The prisoner（ ）a means of escape from prison.问题1选项A.contrivedB.conspiredC.intriguedD.plotted【答案】D【解析】contrive设计，谋划；conspire共谋，协力；intrigue用诡计取得；plot密谋。选项A强调设法得到；选项B强调两个人合作；选项C强调用诡计取得；选项D强调秘密的筹划。所以选项D更符合语境。19. 翻译题In economics the most fundamental of these central problems is the theory of value. The theory of value must explain how the comparative values of different goods and services are established. Until that problem is solved, it is not possible to analyses for scientific purposes what will be produced and in what quantities, how the resources will be employed in producing the menu of outputs, and how the resources will be valued. Without a theory of value the economists can have no theory of international trade or possibly a theory of money. This central problem of value does not change in its essential concern if one seeks to explain values in rural or urban societies, or in agricultural or industrial societies.【答案】在经济学中，这些核心问题的最基本部分是价值理论。价值理论必须解释出不同商品和服务的比较值是怎样生成的。只有这个问题解决了才有可能从科学的目的去分析生产什么产品、生产数量和生产项目单上的这些产品需要雇用多少劳力，以及怎样利用以实现这些劳力的最大价值。没有价值论，经济学家就不会知道国际贸易理论，可能也不会知道货币理论。如果人们试图从农村城市社会或是农业工业社会去解释价值，则基本上价值的核心问题不会改变。20. 单选题The discussion has been unexpectedly going for three hours, and Im afraid they will （ ） it still longer.问题1选项A.extendB.lengthenC.stretchD.protract【答案】D【解析】extend延伸, 扩大；lengthen延长, 加长；stretch伸展, 延伸；protract（时间）延长。句意：讨论出乎意料地进行了三个小时, 恐怕他们会把时间拖得更长。只有选项D表示时间延长, 符合语境。