2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷33

2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 问答题(A) What life does with our dreams and expectations cannot, of course, be predicted. Some dreams, (B) begun in selflessness, end in rancor; other dreams, begun in selfishness, (C) end in large-heartedness. The unpredictability of the outcome of dreams is (D) no reason to cease to dream.【答案】D；改成cease dreaming. Cease doing sth放弃做某事2. 填空题The police had moved quickly to block off the area. Now Jim stood across the street with the other students, watching in stunned disbelief as the fire department fought to (1) _control of the fire. But it looked hopeless. The east end of the building exploded into flames. The noise was so loud (2)_even Jim, as he fiddled absently (3)_the volume control to his hearing aid, could hear a faint roar. Across the street on the school grounds Mr. Maclntire, the principal, was shouting to the fire chief. Jim read his lips, (4)_ some of what he said because of the distance but getting (5)_ than enough to understand, “.eight students and a teacher.in a basement room.trapped!” The fire chief shook his head. Three times- already firefighters had tried to enter the building, only to be (6)_ _ back by the heat and smoke, and now there was no hope at all. Jim saw it in the chiefs face. His friends and the teacher he respected more than any (7)_ were as good as dead. They had little (8) _ to survive the smoke, not to mention the heat. It was Jims class in the basement, and he should have been in there himself. But he has stopped in the hall upstairs to talk to Mr. Maclntire about the Phonic Ear. It was a small radio receiver plugged into his hearing aid (9)_ signals from a transmitter worn by his teachers. Born with a (10)_ impairment, Jim had had problems in his classes. He was a good lip reader, but lip reading did not always (11)_ . Teachers sometimes, without thinking, (12)_ their faces away when talking. Making good grades had been hard for him (13)_ he began to use the Phonic Ear. Now he heard everything his teacher said, and his grades had shot (14)_ . That was one reason he had been placed in the advanced physics class, the only course still (15)_ in any of the basement floor classrooms of the old school, (16)_ was undergoing renovation. A new wing was to be added to the back of the school. Heavy equipment had been digging the new foundations and had broken a gas line leading into the basement. (17)_he was late to class, Jim had just turned away from Mr. Maclntire (18)_ the school building was rocked by an (19)_ . Smoke rose from the basement stairwell and was followed by fire. Everyone on the upper two floors had gotten out. But there had been no escape for those (20)_.【答案】1. gain2. that3. with4. missing5. more6. held7. one8. chance9. to receive10. hearing11. help12. turn13. so14. up15. taught16. which17. Because18. when19. alarm20. below【解析】1.考查固定搭配。gain the control of控制2.考查固定搭配。sothat如此以致3.考查固定搭配。fiddle with摆弄4.联系上下文可知由于距离比较远，Jim不能够听清楚Maclntire所说的话，故填missing.5.考查固定搭配。getting more than enough to understand得到了足够多的能理解的信息。6.考查固定搭配。hold back阻止，联系上下文可知，消防主管在摇头，消防员已经三次尝试进入这栋楼，但他们都被浓烟和热度所阻挡了，现在完全没希望了。7.any one任何的。句意：他的朋友和他最尊敬的老师处于非常危险的境地。8.根据句意可知此处指老师和学生有很小的从浓烟中生还的机会。9.此处表示目的，句意：生耳是一个插在助音器上面的小小收音机，它从老师戴着的发射器那里接收信号。10.由上文可知Jim有天生的听力缺陷。11.由下文可知老师在上课时经常把脸转过去，所以可推测能读懂唇语也不一定总是有帮助。12.turn away转过脸1.由上文可知Jim由于听力缺陷，很难有好成绩，所以开始使用生耳。14.shot up直线上升15.高级物理课程是旧学校地下室教室里仍然被教的课程。course与teach之间是被动的关系，故用过去分词。16.本句是非限制性定语从句，缺少主语，故用which，指代“the old school”。17.由上文可知Jim去找Maclntire关于生耳的问题，所以可推知他上课迟到了。18.此处表示当他发现教学楼传来的警报的时候，他正好刚刚从Maclntire那里转过脸来。19.句意：这栋教学楼被警报声所包围。20.由上文提到的upper可知此空应填below。句意：在上面两层的所有人都出来了，但是对于在两层以下的人来说没有逃生的机会。3. 单选题The New York male and the London male: two species of dude so similar, in many respects they seem to have been separated at birth. Both stomp triumphantly around financial and media capitals. Both feel they live at the centre of the known universe. And both spend far too much time on their hair. But there are marked differences between these tribes, from confidence and sense of humour to mating rituals and dress sense.So whos best? Theres only one way to find out: wholly unscientific means of anecdotes from people who have lived in both cities.MasculinityAlexander T., a British-born doctor living in Harlem, thinks that “maleness” is a much more consciously performed thing in Manhattan than in London. “Your clothes, what you order in a restaurant, your ability to deliver a sincere patter about your goals and passionsthese are things that will help get you laid in New York. Sometimes the London approach of just relying on being funny and self-deprecating will fail to impress.” But only sometimes, Alexander stresses. “For every woman who judges you harshly for your lack of a five-year plan, there will be others driven so mad with trauma by wretched and disgusting New York males that a few hours of you listening and being a nice guy will make you seem like the catch of the century.”AppearancesJulia B. is a fundraiser in London, who lived in New York for seven years. “London men dress better in general, and look a million miles better in suits. For some reason, New Yorkers are obsessed with boxy, ill-fitting suit jackets, Wall Street types being the worst offenders. New York men are probably more muscular, and more image-conscious in general.” New Yorkers seem much more reluctant to grow up, she thinks. “New York men try and retain their youth for longer. There are more 45 year olds with skateboards in Williamsburg, Brooklyn than there are in Hackney. London men will want to settle down sooner than New Yorkers. As a woman, theres more danger of being single in New York since men want to stay 20 in their minds forever, so women dont want to commit either, because they see all these immature dudes around. In London, men understand womens biological clocks a little better.HumourThe commonplace New Yorker has an annoying reputation, but graphic designer Michael L. says the two years he spent in London upended that stereotype for him. “London guys wear a grim, unpleasant face a lot of the time. People in New York were a lot more willing to be friendly. And thats what English people will describe as fake. They think the New York niceness is not genuine. So there you have it. Are you a London man seeking fun? You should definitely spend a few weeks in New York. Your superior wardrobe, mature behavior and refreshing self-deprecation will land in fertile, man-boy traumatized soil in the City That Never Sleeps. But London women? Avoid the siren song of the New York male. No matter how ill-tempered your London fellow is, hes a better overall package than the flashy New Yorker. Yes, that charming Manhattanite just romantically asked you out in the middle of the street. But, a) he asks out every woman with a pulse, and, b) he probably works at a discount shoe store.Whats your take on the differences between New York and London men? Who would you rather be stuck in a lift, on a road trip, or in the bar?1.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?3.Women in New York are more likely to stay single because （ ）.4.What is the authors warning to London women?5.The underlined word dude may mean a man who is（ ）.问题1选项A.Anecdotes from London and New YorkB.London men versus New York men: whos better?C.Meet the more masculine, grooming, humorous London guysD.Two species across the ocean问题2选项A.Women in New York are always impressed by the ambitious male friends.B.Businessmen in New York do not follow the rules of dress.C.Sometimes women prefer to have a listener in company.D.Michael L, after two years in London, dislikes New York males more.问题3选项A.they do not want to marry an immature boyB.the men there will not marry until 45C.they are not interested in skateboardsD.the men there do not want to settle down in the city问题4选项A.The New York males niceness is probably faked.B.The London males are unpleasant and ill-tempered.C.The New York males have hurt many New York women already.D.It is hard to tell whether a New York male has a good job.问题5选项A.much concerned with his dress and appearanceB.always rude and violent to peopleC.humorous and can cheer up the womenD.intelligent and good at arts【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要从三个方面对伦敦男人和纽约男人进行对比，因此B选项“伦敦男人对纽约男人：谁更好？”这个标题能更好地表现本文比较的主题。2.推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“London men dress better in general, and look a million miles better in suits. For some reason, New Yorkers are obsessed with boxy, ill-fitting suit jackets, Wall Street types being the worst offenders.”伦敦男人一般穿得更好，穿西装看起来更好看。出于某种原因，纽约人痴迷于方形的、不合身的西装夹克，华尔街的人是罪魁祸首。可推测纽约人穿着不讲究，因此B选项“纽约的商人不遵守着装规则”符合题意。3.推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“As a woman, theres more danger of being single in New York since men want to stay 20 in their minds forever, so women dont want to commit either, because they see all these immature dudes around.”作为一个女人，在纽约单身的风险更大，因为男人想永远保持在20岁左右，所以女人也不想承诺，因为她们看到这些不成熟的男人。可知纽约女性更有可能保持单身是由于男性心态不够成熟，因此A选项“她们不想嫁给一个不成熟的男孩”符合题意。4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“But London women? Avoid the siren song of the New York male. . Yes, that charming Manhattanite just romantically asked you out in the middle of the street. But, a) he asks out every woman with a pulse, and, b) he probably works at a discount shoe store.”可知作者给伦敦女人的警告之一是，你无法判断约你出去的纽约男人在哪里工作，因此D选项“很难分辨纽约男人是否有很好的工作”符合题意。5.词义题。根据文章对纽约男人和伦敦男人的比较，提到的男子气概、穿着打扮和幽默，约女性出门等方面，可知他们有幽默感，是讨女性喜欢的类型。dude意为“纨绔子弟，花花公子”，因此选C。4. 问答题The costs of watching the film is that it takes up 120 minutes of your time - time which could A B Cbe spent in bed asleep. The benefit is the enjoyment gained from each extra minute viewed. D【答案】试题答案：A; cost【解析】考查主谓一致。谓语动词is用的是单数形式，故主语也需要用单数形式。5. 翻译题Translate the following into English决策过程对管理结盟的需要是基于两个方面的原因。首先，组织的目标往往模糊不清，而部门间的运营目标则缺乏一致性。在目标模糊又缺乏一致性的情况下，管理者对问题的优先顺序便无法统一。他们必须就问题讨价还价，并围绕着应该解决的问题建立起结盟。结盟的第二个原因是尽管管理者个人倾向于理性，但却受到人类认知的局限和其他局限性的制约。管理者们没有时间、资源或心智能力去识别与某一项决策相关的所有维度，并处理所有的信息。这些局限性便导致了结盟行为。管理者们通过相互交谈、交流看法来收集信息，减少模糊性。拥有相关信息或对某项决策的结果有相关利益的人们会被征求意见。建立结盟会使一项决策得到各相关利益方的支持。【答案】The reason for alliance management to be needed by the decision-making process is based on two aspects. First, the goals of an organization are often vague and operation goals between department lack consistency. In the case of vague goals and lack of consistency, managers could not unify the order of precedence of problems. They have to bargain with each other and establish alliance around the problems which should be resolved.The second reason for forming an alliance is that individual managers are subject to the restriction of human cognition and other limitations in spite of individual tendency toward rationality. Managers dont have the time, resources, or mental ability to identify all dimensions associated with a decision, and deal with all the information. Thus these limitations lead to the alliance. Through talking to each other, exchanging ideas with one another, managers gather information and reduce ambiguity. The people who have relevant information or have a stake in the outcomes of certain decision will be consulted for advice. To establish an alliances can make a decision to be supported by all stakeholders.6. 问答题These young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively large families that went Afor more than two decades and caused a major but temporary reversal of long-term demographic Bpatterns. From the 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans married at a higher rate and at a Cyounger age than their European counterparts. D【答案】试题答案：A; went on【解析】考查固定搭配。go on意为“持续”，此处为过去式。7. 单选题Every country with a monetary system of its own has to have some kind of market which A B Cdealers in bills, notes and other forms of short-term credit can buy and sell. D问题1选项A.of its ownB.some kindC.whichD.short-term credit【答案】C【解析】考查介词搭配。原句应为dealers can buy and sell in，需要将介词in提前，由“in+which”引导定语从句。试题答案：C; in which8. 单选题There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent. The progress from a rattle（拔浪鼓）used by a baby in 3,000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.1.The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that（ ）.2.One aspect of “the universality of toys” lies in the fact that （ ）.3.Which of the following is the authors view on the historical development of toys?4.Regarded as a kind of art form, toys（ ）.5.The author uses the example of a rattle to show that（ ）.问题1选项A.their social roles are rigidly determinedB.most boys would like to follow their fathers professionsC.boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothersD.they like challenging activities问题2选项A.technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toysB.the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universitiesC.the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toysD.the basic characteristics of toys are the same the world over问题3选项A.The craftsmanship in toy-making has remained essentially unchanged.B.Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries.C.The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years.D.Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a childs character.问题4选项A.follow a direct line of ascentB.also appeal greatly to adultsC.are not characterized by technological progressD.reflect the pace of social progress问题5选项A.in toy-making there is a continuity in the use of materialsB.even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technologyC.it often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toy-makingD.even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“In societies where social roles are rigidly determined”在社会角色被严格定位的社会里，可知男孩和女孩玩得玩具不同，在于他们的社会角色被严格区分，因此选A。2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段中“It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. . Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.”玩具在世界各地的发展和他们对现在的持久性的普遍性是惊人的。几乎每个文明都有娃娃，小武器 玩具兵，小动物和车辆。可知玩具的基本特性是相同的，因此选D。3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段第一句“What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same.”玩具历史引人注目的不在于它们在几个世纪中发生了怎样的变化，而在于它们在多大程度上保持不变。可知B选项“几个世纪以来，玩具基本上保持不变”符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段中“Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use.”由于玩具通常可以被视为一种艺术形式，因此它们没有受到技术飞跃的影响，而这些技术是成人发明的特征。可知玩具不受技术进步影响，不以技术进步为特征，因此选C。5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段中“Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.”每一个拨浪鼓都是时代艺术品味的产物，但受现有材料的限制。可知作者使用拨浪鼓的例子是为了说明即使是一个简单的玩具也能够反应所处时代的品味，因此选D。9. 翻译题Monetary policyIt is well known that there has never been a boom that is not linked with excessive money supply. Easy monetary policies consistently lead to booms and then to busts simply because they reduce interest rates, the cost of borrowing, for both (naive/noisy) investors and governments that, in rum, raise private (i.e. durable goods, real estate) and government spending beyond their ability to meet their debt obligations.The practice of expansionary monetary policy leads to capital misallocation as it favors short-term spending at the expense of long-term spending (investing less in long-term projects). That is, it creates a savings-investment gap that reduces the capital formation required for the economy to grow, which renders a high fraction of its existing capital stock obsolete. This low interest rate policy, an outcome of quantitative easing, in Turn, has an adverse, effect on productivity forcing capital to migrate in foreign/emerging markets in order to realize higher returns. In other words, excessive money supply fails to increase real economic activity because it raises the labor cost while it lowers the cost of capital. Depressing yields at home, as a result of quantitative easing, in an open economy setting, leads yield-seeking investors into higher-risk investments such as emerging markets.【答案】货币政策众所周知，从来没有一次经济繁荣不与过渡发行货币有关。宽松的货币政策总是会先促使经济繁荣，但最后导致经济衰退因为利率降低，就为（天真/聒噪）投资者和政府节省了借贷的成本，而反过来促进他们会以超出能力之外的水平来扩大个人（比如耐用品、房地产） 和政府的消费，以此满足债券的发行。扩张性的货币政策会导致资本的配置不当，因为它倾向于短期支出，而牺牲长期支出(减少对长期项目的投资)。也就是说，扩张性的货币政策会产生储蓄-投资之间的鸿沟，继而减少经济增长所需要的资本积累，这呈现出既有的资本存放过时的信息。作为量化宽松的结果，低利率政策反过来对生产力产生反作用力，迫使资本迁入国外/新兴市场，从而实现更高的回报。换句话说，过度发行货币不能增加真正的经济活力，因为它增长了劳动力成本而降低了资本成本。在一个开放的经济环境下，量化宽松的另一结果是国内的效益不佳，导致寻求效益投资者进入高风险投资，比如新兴市场。10. 问答题At the same time, however, some of these applications threaten to (A) unleash forces (B) whic