2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷55

2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 翻译题The pinprick to the credit bubble came with the housing-sector meltdown in late 2006. From that point, confidence in the U.S financial system eroded, especially as the sub-prime toxin seeped into the banks and brokerages as well as those parts of the insurance sector linked to mortgages. With confidence in the financial sector deflated, attention turned to the countrys massive structural problems a long-term imbalance between government expenditures and revenues, related to ongoing pressure for tax cuts; the rapidly aging national transport and communications infrastructure; and Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security, the combined cost of which is expected to grow 22 percent faster than the economy over the next decade.【答案】信贷泡沫的小刺来自于2006年末房地产市场的崩溃。从那时起，人们对美国金融体系的信心受到侵蚀，尤其是当次级债的毒素渗入银行和券商以及与抵押贷款相关的保险行业时。随着对金融部门信心的下降，人们的注意力转向了该国巨大的结构性问题与持续的减税压力相关的政府支出和收入的长期失衡；快速老化的国家交通和通信基础设施；医疗保险（Medicare）、医疗补助（Medicaid）和社会保障（Social Security），这些成本在未来十年的增长速度预计将比经济增长速度快22%。2. 单选题The director gave me his（ ）that he would double my pay if I did my job well.问题1选项A.warrantB.obligationC.assuranceD.certainty【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warrant“根据，证明”；B选项obligation“责任”；C选项assurance“保证，担保”D选项certainty“必然，确定”。句意：主管给我（）如果我工作做得好他会给我双倍工资。根据从句后面的内容涨双倍工资只是一个保证，所以答案选C，A选项是指一种书面的证明，所以不能选。3. 翻译题好不容易和两个朋友一同找了“沙枯拉阿帕托”（公寓之英语译英）。这是一座精巧玲珑的小房子，外面漆的粉红色，完全和樱花的颜色一般。我最初望到它时，脑筋里立刻受到了一个大大的刺激，呵，住粉红色的房子里，该是多么有诗意的生活！ 我一面这样想着，一面念着这房子的名字：“沙枯拉阿帕托”，太美了！这名字太美了，如果有房子，我非住这里不可！ 摘自樱之家【答案】Finally, I found “sakura Apatow” with two friends. It was a delicate little house, painted pink, just like the cherry blossoms. When I first looked at it, my brain was immediately greatly stimulated, oh, living in a pink house, how poetic life! As I thought, I called out the name of the house: “sakura Apatow.” It was beautiful. What a beautiful name! If I had a house, Id live here! 4. 单选题My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I _ at a garage sale.问题1选项A.trifled withB.scraped throughC.stumbled uponD.thirsted for【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“玩弄，心不在焉地做”；B选项“勉强通过”；C选项“偶然发现”；D选项“渴望”。句意：我最喜欢的广播歌曲是爱迪生1923年的厚唱片里的一首，我第一次（）在车库拍卖时上听到的。从关键词first和garage sale可以推测，听到这首歌肯定不是自己渴望听到的，是偶然听到这首歌，觉得很好听所以才会把第一次听到这首歌的情形记得这么清楚。5. 单选题He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder _out and three men climbing down it.问题1选项A.throwingB.being thrownC.having thrownD.having been thrown【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意：他意识到直升机盘旋在上空。在他意料之外的是，他看到绳梯扔出来然后三个男人拾级而下。绳子是被扔出所以要用被动语态，A、C选项排除；and连接的是两个并列的宾语，而and后面的男人用的现在分词，没有使用现在分词的完成式，所以and前面也应该保持一致，所以答案选B。6. 单选题_they were talking, the dawn came shining through the windows of the room.问题1选项A.WhileB.TillC.The momentD.Before【答案】A【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项While“当时候”；B选项Till“直到才”；C选项The moment“立刻，一就”；D选项Before“在之前”。句意：（）他们在交谈；曙光透过房间的窗户照了进来。这里结合选项填的连词是“当时候”，所以排除B、D选项，答案选A；C选项不是连词不能连接两个句子，所以不选。7. 翻译题静下来想想，我这样一个出身贫寒、经历坎坷的人，居然能活到92岁，实在有点奇怪。过了80岁，经常有人问我，有什么养生之道。我不仅不懂得养生，而且还有一些不好的习惯。我性急图快，走路快，下笔快，吃饭更快，简直是狼吞虎咽，因此，得了胃病。医生治好了我的病，但没有治好我的习惯。【答案】When I think about it, its a little strange that someone who came from such a poor background and has been through so many hardships should have lived to be 92. When I was 80 years old, I was often asked for advice on how to keep fit. I not only dont know how to keep in good health, but also have some bad habits.I was quick to walk, quick to write, even faster to eat, just wolfed down, so I got stomach trouble. The doctor cured me of the disease, but not of my habit.8. 单选题The victim（ ）to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.问题1选项A.would have a chanceB.would have had a chanceC.has a chanceD.has had a chance【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果送到医院去，这个病人或许还能得救。这里根据句意，病人没有及时送到医院，if引导的是虚拟的条件句，而且根据if后面的时态可以知道这是表示对过去事情的推测，所以答案要选B。9. 不定项选择题In the past, zoos were little more than “shelf displays” of animals from the wild. Today zoos at least the best of them try to recreate the wild for the animals. As much importance is placed on caring for the animals as on attracting and entertaining visitors.Public education and the protection of animal species have become the priorities of the better zoos in the United States. Small cages are giving way to spacious enclosures where plants, rocks, trees and water simulate the animals natural environments. Both the stress of captivity and the animals need for exercise and movement are taken into account by enlightened zoo management; enclosures have private areas where the animals can retreat from the view of spectators, and plenty of room is provided for the animals to climb, swing and roam. In addition, greater emphasis is being placed on research and preventive health care.Perhaps the area of greatest concern for zoos now is wildlife preservation. Zoo proponents argue that encroaching civilization is rapidly destroying the remaining natural habitats of wild animal. Hunting for furs, tusks and feathers is prevalent in some countries, which put animals further in danger. Although zoos once contributed to the threat of extinction facing animals in the wild by continually stocking their cages with captured animals, they now have redefined their role as preservers of endangered species.Although zoos still occasionally import wild animals from around the world to stock their cages, they are looking more and more to other zoos and to breeding animals in captivity sources for more animals. Rather than relying on a Noahs Ark approach (two of everything), many zoos now keep larger stocks of each species and loan their animals to each other for breeding purposes.Breeding wild animals in captivity has not been an easy undertaking. Finding the right mate for an animal is sometimes difficult, and the relatively foreign environment puts stress on animals in ways that have yet to be fully explored and understood. Zoos do know that maintaining an animals health is a critical factor in breeding. As a result, zoos provide everything from dental work to pedicures to keep the animals in top shape. Pregnant females are closely monitored, and every precaution is taken to ensure a successful birth.Zoos may still have some problems to solve, but they have come a long way. Not only are they places to observe and learn about animals that we might otherwise never see, but they may also be among the last refuges for creatures whose survival is constantly threatened.1. Which of the following best describes the environment in a good zoo now?2. What major roles are modern zoos playing?3. From the zoo proponents arguments few learn that（ ）.4. What is of great help in multiplying animal species according to the passage?5. Zoos provide everything from dental work to pedicures for animals to ensure（ ）.问题1选项A.Spacious and civilizedB.Roomy and naturalC.Shady and stonyD.Enlightened and safe问题2选项A.Entertaining and educating visitorsB.Educating and protecting peopleC.Educating people and keeping animal species from extinctionD.Breeding animals and lending them to others问题3选项A.civilization should be abandoned in order to save wild animalsB.zoos are threatening animal with extinctionC.although zoos once made contribution to saving animals from the danger of extinction, now they do not preserve endangered speciesD.While some people threaten wild animals by hunting, zoos are now protecting them from the danger of extinction问题4选项A.To exchange animals among the zoosB.To put animals into larger cagesC.To hunt animals from wild preserveD.To feed animals in captivity before sending them back to nature问题5选项A.good healthB.that they are tall and strongC.that they are kept in top cagesD.an ideal environment【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：下列哪个选项可以描述一个好的动物园的环境。A选项“宽敞、文明”；B选项“宽敞、自然”；C选项“阴凉、多石”；D选项“富有启迪性以及安全的”。根据题干定位到第二段第二句话Small cages are giving way to spacious enclosures where plants, rocks, trees and water simulate the animals natural environments.（小笼子让位给宽敞的围栏，里面的植物、岩石、树木和水模拟了动物的自然环境）从这句可以看出答案选B；A选项文章没有提及，所以不选；C选项定位到第二段第二句话，虽然有提到树荫和石头但是不是本句重点也不能全部概括当代动物园的特点，这里属于以偏概全，所以不选；D选项定位到第二段第一句Public education and the protection of animal species have become the priorities of the better zoos in the United States.（公共教育和动物物种保护已经成为美国较好的动物园的优先事项。），没有讲到当代动物园的特点，这里属于出处错误，所以D选项不能选。第2题:事实细节题。题干：现代动物园扮演什么重要的角色。A选项“娱乐和教育游客”；B选项“教育和保护人们”；C选项“教育人们，保护动物物种免于灭绝”；D选项“饲养动物，并把它们借给他人”。第二段第一句话Public education and the protection of animal species have become the priorities of the better zoos in the United States.（公共教育和动物物种保护已经成为美国较好的动物园的优先事项）由此可知B选项错误，是保护动物而不是保护人类；C选项正确；A选项定位到第一段最后一句话As much importance is placed on caring for the animals as on attracting and entertaining visitors.（照顾动物和吸引、娱乐游客一样重要），这里讲的是动物园想要达到的目的，而不是动物园在公众面前所起到的作用，属于出处错误，所以A选项不选；D选项定位到第四段第一、二句Although zoos still occasionally import wild animals from around the world to stock their cages, they are looking more and more to other zoos and to breeding animals in captivity sources for more animals.（虽然动物园仍然偶尔从世界各地进口野生动物放在笼子里，但他们正在越来越多地寻找其他动物园和圈养动物的来源，以获得更多的动物。），这里不能回答题干所问的问题属于出处错误。第3题:判断推理题。题干：从动物园支持者的观点中，很少有人知道什么？A选项“为了拯救野生动物，文明应该被抛弃”；B选项“动物园正威胁着动物的灭绝”；C选项“虽然动物园曾经为拯救濒临灭绝的动物作出了贡献，但现在它们不保护濒危物种”；D选项“当一些人通过狩猎威胁野生动物时，动物园正在保护它们免于灭绝的危险”。定位到第三段第二句Zoo proponents argue that encroaching civilization is rapidly destroying the remaining natural habitats of wild animal.（动物园的支持者认为，文明的入侵正在迅速摧毁野生动物仅存的自然栖息地），由这里可知支持者认为因为文明的入侵导致野生动物的栖息地减少从而威胁野生动物的生存，所以暗含着保护野生动物就应该抛弃文明的意味，所以答案选A。B选项定位到第三段最后一句Although zoos once contributed to the threat of extinction facing animals in the wild by continually stocking their cages with captured animals, they now have redefined their role as preservers of endangered species.（尽管动物园曾经不断地在笼子里放养被捕获的动物，造成了野生动物面临灭绝的威胁，但它们现在重新定义了自己作为濒危物种保护者的角色），从这里可知B选项错误。C选项错误，现在已经是保护者的角色就不会威胁动物的生存，这里属于反向干扰；D选项定位到第三段第三句Hunting for furs, tusks and feathers is prevalent in some countries, which put animals further in danger.（在一些国家，对毛皮、象牙和羽毛的捕猎十分盛行，这使动物进一步处于危险之中），从这里可知不是偷猎导致动物濒危，而是偷猎进一步导致动物数量减少，所以不选。第4题:事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第四段第一句话they are looking more and more to other zoos and to breeding animals in captivity sources for more animals.（他们正在越来越多地关注其他动物园和圈养动物，以获得更多的动物），所以选A选项“在动物园之间交换动物”；B选项“把动物放进更大的笼子里”，根据46题虽然有提到给动物提供更大的空间但是这不能让动物数量增加，这里属于反向干扰，所以B选项错误；C选项“从野生保护区猎捕动物”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有。D选项“在将动物送回大自然之前给它们喂食”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有。题干：根据文章，什么对动物物种的繁殖有很大的帮助？A选项“在动物园之间交换动物”。第5题:事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到倒数第二段倒数第二句话As a result, zoos provide everything from dental work to pedicures to keep the animals in top shape.（因此，动物园提供从牙科到足疗的一切服务，以保持动物的最佳状态），这里in top shape固定搭配“保持健康”的意思，答案选A；B选项shape不是体态的意思，所以B选项错误；C、D属于出处错误，文中有提到笼子和生活环境这些不是动物园做动物身体护理的目的。10. 单选题For people with hearing difficulties, telephones with volume controls provide the best（ ） .问题1选项A.answerB.responseC.resultD.solution【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“答案”；B选项“反应”；C选项“结果”；D选项“解决方法”。句意：对那些有听力障碍的人，有音量控制的手机提供了最好的（）。有音量控制的手机为听力障碍的人解决了一个生活中的难题，所以手机是一个解决办法，所以答案选D。11. 不定项选择题In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.Imitating the brains neural (神经的) network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. “People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors”, he explains, “but its not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves.” Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brains capabilities stem from the pattern recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.Right now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.1. The author says that the powerful computers of today（ ）.2. The new trend in artificial intelligence research stems from（ ）.3. Conrad and his group of AI researchers have been making enormous efforts to（ ）.4. Whats the authors opinion about the new AI movement?5. Which of the following is closet in meaning to the underlined phrase “the only game in town” (Line 3, Para. 4)?问题1选项A.are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an objectB.are close to exhibiting humanlike behaviorC.are not very different in their performance from those of the 50sD.still cannot communicate with people in a human language问题2选项A.the shift of the focus of study to the recognition of the shapes of objectsB.the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with logical, step-by-step programsC.the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old childD.the efforts made by scientists in the study of the similarities between transistors and brain cells问题3选项A.find a roundabout way to design powerful computersB.build a computer using a clever network of switchesC.find out how intelligence develop in natureD.separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought问题4选项A.It has created a sensation among artificial intelligence researchers but will soon die out.B.Its a breakthrough in duplicating human thought processes.C.Its more like a peculiar game rather than a real scientific effort.D.It may prove to be in the right direction though nobody is sure of its future prospects.问题5选项A.The only approach to building an artificially intelligent computer.B.The only way for them to win a prize in artificial intelligence research.C.The only area worth studying in computer science.D.The only game they would like to play in town.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：作者说当今强大的计算机A选项“能够可靠地识别物体的形状”；B选项“接近人类行为的表现”；C选项“他们的表现和50年代的没有什么不同”；D选项“仍然不能用人类的语言与人交流”。根据题干定位到第一段第二三句话：But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.（尽管计算机很有用，但是它们离实现类似人类行为这一早期愿望还差得很远，更别提像对话这样复杂的事情了：最强大的计算机也很难可靠地识别物体的形状，然而这对一个10个月大的孩子来说是最基本的任务。），从这句可以看出，选项A、B错误，答案选D；选项C文章没有提及。第2题:事实细节题。题干：人工智能研究的新趋势源于。A选项“研究的重点转向对物体形状的识别”；B选项“相信人类的智慧不能被逻辑上的、按部递进的程序所复制”；C选项“科学家们渴望复制一个10个月大的孩子的智力”；D选项“科学家们在研究晶体管和脑细胞之间相似性方面所做的努力”。根据题干定位到第二段第二三句话The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence.（科学家们表示，问题在于，人工智能一直在试图分离语言和数学等最高、最抽象的思维层次，并用逻辑的、循序渐进的程序来复制它们。另一方面，人工智能领域的一项新运动更深入地探讨了自然与智能之间的间接联系），从这句可以看出科学家指出问题在于人们一直在用看似有逻辑的步骤来复制抽象的思维，但其实这样是行不通的，所以答案选B；A、C选项只是对文章内容的拼接，不是问题所在；D选项文章没有提及。第3题:事实细节题。题干：康拉德和他的人工智能研究小组一直在努力。A选项“找到一个迂回的方法来设计功能强大的计算机”；B选项“用一个巧妙的交换机网络构建一台计算机”；C选项“了解智能实际上是如何发展的”；D选项“将思维的最高层次和最抽象的层次分开”。根据题干关键词定位到原文第三段第一句“计算机科学家兼生物物理学家迈克尔康拉德（Michael Conrad）说，模仿大脑的神经网络（Imitating the brains neural network）是朝着正确方向迈出的一大步，但它仍然忽略了自然智能（natural intelligence）的一个重要方面。”，通过这一句话可以看出，康拉德所做的内容是人工智能和自然智能之间的关系，康拉德赞同人工智能取得进步的想法，但是他同时认为不能忽略自然智能的某一方面。再结合第三段最后两句“具体来说，康拉德认为，大脑的许多能力都源于构成每个脑细胞（each brain cell）的单个分子的模式识别能力。他声称，制造人工智能设备的最佳方法是围绕同样的分子技能（the same sort of molecular skills）来制造。”可知康拉德一直在努力了解大脑本身是如何运作的，再用于人工智能中，因此C选项正确。ABD三项都不符合题干，排除。第4题:作者意图题。A选项“它在人工智能研究人员中引起了轰动，但很快就会消失”；B选项“这是在复制人类思维过程方面的一个突破”；C选项“这更像是一个奇特的游戏，而不是真正的科学努力”；D选项“它可能被证明是在正确的方向上，尽管没有人能确定它的未来前景”。定位到文章第二段最后一句话The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field（这些早期努力的成果既有希望，也有独特之处，新的基于自然的人工智能运动正在缓慢但肯定地走向该领域的前沿），从这里可知答案选D，其他选项不符合题意。第5题:语义推测题。A选项：“这是制造人工智能计算机的唯一途径”；B选项“这是他们赢得人工智能研究奖的唯一途径”；C选项“计算机科学中唯一值得学习的领域”；D选项“他们在城里唯一想玩的游戏”。第四段最后一句：But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.（但如果这是真的，那么康拉德和他的人工智能伙伴们的努力可能会成为（ ）然后定位到第三段最后一句：The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills（他（康拉德）声称，建造人工智能设备的最好方法是围绕同样的分子技术来建造），从这里可以看出来康拉德另辟蹊径的目的是为了建造人工智能，如果康拉德及其团队的道路是正确的话那么这会是通往城市唯一的游戏，由此可以推测通往城市的唯一游戏是指建造人工智能唯一的方法，所以A选项正确，其他选项不符合题意。12. 单选题The goal is to use crops, weeds and even animal waste _ the petroleum that fuels much of American manufacturing.问题1选项A.in terms ofB.in favor ofC.in spite ofD.in place of【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项in terms of“在方面，就而言”；B选项in favor of“赞成”；C选项in spite of“不管，尽管”；D选项in place of“取代，代替”。句意：这个目标是用庄稼，野草甚至是动物排泄物来（）为绝大多数美国人生产活动提供动力的石油。人们使用庄稼等有机物很明显是为了取代石油这种化学物来充当燃料的，所以答案选D。13. 单选题A recent survey suggested that if money were not an issue, most mothers _ not to work at all.问题1选项A.should preferB.preferC.would preferD.preferred【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。选项里面都有prefer，句意是：一项调查显示如果不是因为经济问题，多数母亲更愿意选择不工作。从if可以联想到条件句，后面接的是were，可知这是个虚拟的条件，否则be动词形式我们会选was或者is，因虚拟语气的主句谓语形式是would+原形或者would have done，所以B和D不能选，should的本意是“应该”，would的意思是“将会”，选would句意会更加贴切，所以我们应该选C。14. 单选题I wish that I（ ）the concert last night.问题1选项A.could attendB.could have attendedC.to attendD.attended【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我希望我（）昨晚的音乐会。这里wish后面的内容是一种假设所以我们可知that里面要用虚拟语气。时间是发生在“昨晚”，所以答案B。A选项不合逻辑；C选项会造成从句没有谓语，不符合语法；D选项会使句子产生歧义，昨天晚上到底有没有去参加音乐会，参加了为什么会在前面用wish，没参加为什么要用一般过去式表示该事已经发生过了。15. 单选题These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than _ in traditional media.问题1选项A.existB.existsC.existingD.to exist【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。than可以做定语从句的关系代词。在此用法中than既充当比较作用，又充当代词作用，代替前面的the use and copying of digital information，主语是复数，谓语动词用原型，所以A选项正确。句意：这些提案寻求在数字信息的使用和复制上给予比在传统媒体的使用和复制上更多的限制。