2022年考博英语-四川大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷100

2022年考博英语-四川大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Many instructors believe that an informal, relaxed classroom environment is （1 ） to learning and innovation. It is not uncommon for students to have （2 ） and friendly relationships with their professors. The （3 ） professor is not necessarily a poor one and is still （4 ） by students. Although students may be in a(n) （5 ） position, some professors treat them as （6 ） . However, no matter how （7 ） professors would like to be, they still are in a position of （8 ） .Professors may （9 ） social relationships with students outside of the classroom, but in the classroom they （10） the instructors role. A professor may have coffee one day with students （11 ） the next day expect them to （12） a deadline for the （13） of a paper or to be prepared （14） a discussion or an exam. The professor may give （15 ） attention outside of class to a student in （16 ） of help but probably will not treat him or her differently when it （17 ） evaluating school work. Professors have several roles （18 ） students; they may be counselors and friends as well as teachers. Students must （19 ） that when a teachers role changes, they must appropriately （20 ） their behavior and attitudes.问题1选项A.instructiveB.conduciveC.constructiveD.healthy问题2选项A.easygoingB.comfortingC.carefreeD.relaxing问题3选项A.consultativeB.informalC.easyD.casual问题4选项A.despisedB.respectedC.neglectedD.overlooked问题5选项A.inferiorB.minorC.lowD.subordinate问题6选项A.peersB.colleaguesC.friendsD.equals问题7选项A.democraticB.formalC.relaxedD.strict问题8选项A.authorityB.expertC.supervisorD.superior问题9选项A.buildB.setC.getD.establish问题10选项A.sustainB.supportC.maintainD.retain问题11选项A.butB.henceC.neverthelessD.then问题12选项A.matchB.fulfillC.meetD.satisfy问题13选项A.submissionB.presentationC.deliveryD.handing问题14选项A.forB.withC.againstD.of问题15选项A.dueB.extraC.sufficientD.supplementary问题16选项A.questB.needC.searchD.view问题17选项A.gets toB.comes toC.reachesD.touches问题18选项A.with regard toB.in view ofC.in relation toD.with reference to问题19选项A.supposeB.suggestC.realizeD.assume问题20选项A.adoptB.adaptC.adeptD.conform【答案】第1题:第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D第6题:D第7题:C第8题:A第9题:D第10题:C第11题:A第12题:C第13题:A第14题:A第15题:B第16题:B第17题:B第18题:C第19题:C第20题:B【解析】（1）instructive有教育性的；conducive有益的；constructive有建设性的；healthy健康的。Conducive to 有利于, 有助于.原文中的意思是：一个非正式、轻松的课堂环境有利于学习和创新。（2）根据后面的friendly以及全句的意思可知, 填空处的意思应该和friendly相近。easygoing随和的；comforting令人欣慰的；carefree无忧无虑的；relaxing放松的。句意：学生与他们的教授有着随和和友好的关系是很常见的。选项A符合原文语境。（3）consultative咨询的, 顾问的；informal不拘礼节的；easy舒适的；casual临时的。根据下文的poor可以推测, 选项D更符合原文。句意：临时教授不一定是穷教授, 仍然受到学生的尊敬。（4）根据上文, 学生和教授的关系很友好, 即使是临时聘请的教授也会受到学生的尊敬。选项B正确。（5）inferior下等的；minor次要的；low卑贱的；subordinate下属, 下级。学生和教授应该是属于下属, 下级的关系, 所以选D。（6）句意：尽管学生可能处于从属地位, 但有些教授对他们一视同仁。peers指平辈, 同事；colleagues同行, 同事；用在这里都不恰当, 选项D正确。（7）democratic民主的； formal正式的, 拘谨的；relaxed轻松的； strict严肃的。此处与上文相比进行了转折。上文提到教授和学生之间关系友好随和, 然而无论教授们表现得多么轻松, 他们依然处于一个权威的地位。（8）authority权威；expert专家；supervisor监督人；superior上级。根据原文：无论教授们表现得多么轻松, 他们依然处于一个权威的地位。（9）根据原文可知, 这里指建立关系, set表示建立时后面通常接up。build和establish都有建立的意思, 但是build含义广泛, 可指一切具体或抽象事物的建造或建立。establish侧重于着重稳固地建成,可具体指国家、政府、学校或商店等的建立,也可指信仰、信用、名誉、法律、制度、规则等的建立。原文指建立社会关系, 所以用establish更合适。（10）sustain维持, 支撑；support支持；maintain和retain都有保持的意思, 但retain主要是剩余, 剩下的意思。所以选项C更符合。（11）根据原文, 前一天教授可能还在和学生一起喝咖啡, 但第二天还是希望学生能赶在最后期限提交论文。用but表转折, 符合原文。（12）meet a deadline为固定搭配, 指赶上最后期限。（13）paper在这里指论文, 根据原文, 这里应该是指赶上最后期限提交论文。（14）prepare for sth.指为某事做准备。这里指为讨论或者考试做准备。（15）根据下文, 当在评估学生学业时可能不会对他或她有所不同, 所以这里应该是指额外的关注。due 应得的；sufficient充分的；supplementary指补充的。句意：教授可能会在课外给予需要帮助的学生额外的关注, 但当在评估学生学业时可能不会对他或她有所不同。（16）in need of help需要帮助。句意：教授可能会在课外给予需要帮助的学生额外的关注。（17）gets to到达, 开始；comes to谈到, 提及到；reaches达到；touches接触到。选项B符合原文。（18）with regard to关于, 至于；in view of鉴于, 考虑到；in relation to关于, 涉及；with reference to关于。这里指教授的角色和学生息息相关。所以选项C更恰当。（19）根据原文, 学生必须意识到, 当教师的角色发生变化时, 他们必须适当地改变自己的行为和态度。（20）adopt采取, 接受；adapt适应；adept熟练, 擅长；conform确认, 证实。句意：他们必须适当地改变自己的行为和态度。选项B符合原文2. 单选题Planning our vocation we must take the frequent （ ） of the weather into consideration.问题1选项A.transformationB.transmissionC.transactionD.transition【答案】A【解析】transformation转化, 转换；transmission传递。传播；transaction交易；transition过渡。句意：计划假期的时候, 我们必须把变化莫测的天气考虑进去。3. 翻译题A recent phenomenon in the choice of careers on the part of the college graduates is the increasing trend towards big companies. Few are interested in research fields. This is an unavoidable problem in a materialistic society, where tempting salaries and fringe benefits are offered by big companies to compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. On the other hand, as many big enterprises and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate economic results and show comparatively little interest in long range research, there is a steady shift of scientists and researchers from the pure research to the applied field, where there are more jobs available with better salaries. All this has not only seriously influenced young peoples view on the choice of careers, but on education as well. Many college teachers deplore that fewer and fewer students these days acquire knowledge.【答案】最近在高校毕业生择业问题上出现了一种倾向, 这就是毕业生越来越青睐大公司, 很少有人愿意到研究单位。 在物欲横流的社会里, 这是一个不可避免的问题。学生还没有走出校门, 大公司便在竞相聘用他们, 向他们提供诱人的薪水和福利待遇。另一方面, 由于许多大企业, 甚至包括一些政府部门往往看重直接经济效益, 而相对来说对长期的理论研究不感兴趣, 所以科研人员不断从纯理论研究领域流向实用工业。 因为在那里工作要比研究领域里好找, 工资往往也高。这些情况不仅严重影响青年人的择业观, 而且还影响了教育。许多教师哀叹, 现在单纯为了学知识而学习的学生越来越少了。4. 翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.The crux of the problem is: young people, being at the start of their own career and having to exert themselves to the utmost all the time, are always under the greatest stress and severest strain. The middle-aged people, on the other hand, having accomplished whatever they have, may relieve themselves of their load, and start to enjoy a quiet and leisurely life unburdened with any ambitions and away from the storms of life. Consequently, middle-aged persons quickly lapse into indolence. Most famous works that appeared in the past centuries, including the present, were written by authors around 30. Works with any creativeness seldom came from the pen of Chinese authors over 40, except autobiographies and notes by way of annotation. But for writers abroad, age does not seem to affect their energy or imagination at all. Some literary celebrities did not start their career until after 40.Because of various reasons, the life span of us Chinese used to be very short. Hence the old saying “mans life from old has rarely reached seventy. ” Therefore the middle-age period was much earlier, and men of letters very early in their lives became “old” and conservative psychologically.【答案】问题的核心是：年轻人正处于事业初创阶段, 必须时刻尽力发挥自己, 由此其总是面临莫大的压力, 受到的伤痛也极为严重。而中年人已经取得他们所要的一切, 可以卸下重负, 开始享受安静、惬意的生活, 这生活没有任何雄心壮志, 也远离生活的狂风暴雨。结果, 中年人很快就懒惰起来。自上世纪到目前的许多著名作品, 其作者都在30岁左右。40岁以上的中国作家极少能写出创意作品来, 当然有注解的自传和说明除外。但对国外作家而言, 年龄问题似乎丝毫不会影响其想象力。一些文学大家常常是到40岁之后才开始文学创作。由于种种原因, 过去中国人的寿命往往很短。由此产生了一句古话：“人生七十古来稀”。因此中年这一阶段就大大提前了, 而名人则很早就“变老”了, 心理上也开始保守起来。5. 单选题Apart from an interesting-looking carved dagger, he box was full of crockery, much of it （ ） .问题1选项A.breakB.to breakC.breakingD.broken【答案】D【解析】句意：除了一柄式样别致、雕有花纹的匕首外, 货箱内装满陶器, 而且大部分都已破碎。分词作状语, 花瓶应该是被打碎的, 所以用broken。6. 单选题The parents were worried about Dorothy because no one was aware （ ） she had gone.问题1选项A.where thatB.of whereC.whereD.the place【答案】B【解析】be aware of.句意：父母很担心Dorothy, 因为没有人知道她去了哪里。选项B正确。7. 单选题Over the past several decades, the U. S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with “nonhuman creatures such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca “lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1, 000 feel meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B. C. , when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to scoff at and abandon von Danikens theory. Over the years several other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.1.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?2.According to the passage, the Nazca lines were found_.3.We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the_the images they present.4.There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because of_.5.The author is_about the role of the Internet in solving mysteries.问题1选项A.Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.B.Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.C.Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.D.Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.问题2选项A.in mountainsB.Pin stonesC.on animalsD.on a plain问题3选项A.smallerB.largerC.clearerD.brighter问题4选项A.the participation of scientistsB.the emergence of the InternetC.the birth of new theoriesD.the interest in the Internet问题5选项A.cautious.B.pessimisticC.uncertainD.optimistic【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的第三句“Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well.”选项A与原文不符，所以本题选A。2.根据关键词定位到第二段的一二句“The Nazca “lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain,.”选项D符合原文。3.根据第二段的三四句“Seen at ground level,.meaning from an aircraft.”从地面上看，感觉杂乱无章，毫无意义。图像太大所以只能在1000英尺的高度上观看也就是在飞机上。由此可以推断，越高看得越清晰，选项C正确。4.根据第三段的第一句“Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is direct result of the creation of the Internet.”现在人们对Nazca线条有了更多的兴趣，它是因互联网出现而导致的直接结果。所以选项B符合原文。5.根据最后一段的内容可知, 作者认为互联网能够帮助解开更多的未知之谜，这是一个正确的方向。所以，作者的态度是积极乐观的，选项D正确。cautious谨慎的；pessimistic悲观的；uncertain不确定的。8. 单选题He will （ ） resign in view of the complete failure of the research project.问题1选项A.doubtfullyB.adequatelyC.presumablyD.reasonably【答案】A【解析】undoubtfully无疑地, 毫无疑问地；adequately充足地, 适当地;presumably据推测，大概, 可能, 想来;reasonably合情合理地。句意：毫无疑问，由于该研究项目彻底失败, 他将辞去职务。9. 单选题If the world is to remain peaceful the utmost effort must be made by nations to limit local（ ） .问题1选项A.collisionsB.combatsC.contradictionsD.conflicts【答案】D【解析】collision碰撞, 抵触, 冲突;combat格斗, 战斗;contradiction矛盾, 否认;conflict冲突(指处于战争状态或激烈的争吵)。句意：如果想要维持世界和平, 各国需要尽最大努力来限制地区冲突。10. 单选题（ ） more important, not only the lost cities were recovered, but the new cities were built.问题1选项A.That isB.It isC.BecauseD.What is【答案】D【解析】句意：更重要的是, 不仅找回了丢失的城市, 而且建造了新的城市。11. 单选题Paintings are static. The uniqueness of the experience of looking at a painting repeatedlyover a period of days or yearsis that, in the midst of flux, the image remains changeless. Of course the significance of the image may change, as a result of either historical or personal developments, but depicted is unchanging the same milk flowing from the same jug, the waves on the sea with exactly the same formation unbroken, the smile and the face which have not altered.One might be tempted to say that paintings preserve a moment. Yet on reflection this is obviously untrue. For the moment of a painting, unlike a moment photographed, never existed as such. And so a painting cannot be said to preserve it.If a painting stops, time, it is not, like a photograph, preserving a moment of the past from the supersession of succeeding moments. I am thinking of the image within the frame, the scene which is depicted. Clearly if one considers an artists life-work or the history of art, one is treating paintings as being, partly, records of the past, evidence of what has been. Yet this historical view, whether used within a Marxist or idealist tradition, has prevented most art experts from consideringor even noticingthe problem of how time exists (or does not) within painting.In early Renaissance art, in paintings from non-European cultures, in certain modem works, the image implies a passage of time. Looking at it, the spectator sees before, during and after. The Chinese sage takes a walk from one tree to another, the carriage runs over the child, the nude descends the staircase. And this of course has been analyzed and commented upon. Yet the ensuing image is still static whilst referring to the dynamic world beyond its edges, and this poses the problem of what is the meaning of that strange contrast between static and dynamic. Strange because it is both so flagrant and so taken for granted.Painters themselves practise a partial answer, even if it remains unformulated in words. When is a painting finished? Not when it finally corresponds to something already existinglike the second shoe of a pairbut when the foreseen ideal moment of it being looked at is filled as the painter feels or calculates it should be filled. The long or short process of painting a picture is the process of constructing the future moments when it will be looked at In reality, despite the painters ideal, these moments cannot be entirely determined. They can never be entirely filled by the painting. Nevertheless the painting is entirely addressed to these moments.Whether the painter is a hack or a master makes no difference to the address of the painting. The difference is in what a painting delivers; in how closely the moment of its being looked at, as foreseen by the painter, corresponds to the interests of the actual moments of its being looked at later by other people, when the circumstances surrounding its production (patronage, fashion, ideology) have changed.1.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?2.What does the pronoun “it” in the last line of the 4th paragraph refer to?3.When is a painting finished according to the author?4.It can be inferred from the text that ( ).5.The best title for this text might be ( ) . 问题1选项A.A specific moment is preserved the time a painting is created.B.The content of a painting remains static though its implication may keep changing.C.A painting stops time in that it depicts a moment of the past and fixes it within the frame.D.A Marxist view tends to see a painting as changing all the time.问题2选项A.The ensuing image.B.The problem.C.The meaning of the contrastD.The contrast between static and dynamic.问题3选项A.When it realistically depicts something in the real world.B.When the artist foresees how his painting will be received by the public.C.When the moment of its being looked at corresponds to the artists expectation of how its going to be looked at.D.When the artist can determine the moment when it will be looked at.问题4选项A.images in some Renaissance paintings may hot necessarily be staticB.paintings by a hack or by a master are the same in that they address the same peopleC.whether a painting is static or dynamic is determined not by the painter but by those who look at itD.unlike a painting, a photograph can preserve a moment问题5选项A.Painting and TimeB.Painters and Their WorksC.The Static and the DynamicD.The History of Painting as a Form of Art【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的第三句“Of course the significance of the image may change, as a result of either historical or personal developments, but depicted is unchanging.”选项B一幅画的内容保持不变, 尽管它的含义可能不断变化, 正确。2.根据上一句“., and this poses the problem of what is the meaning of that strange contrast between static and dynamic.”这就产生了一个问题：静态和动态之间的这种奇怪对比究竟是什么意思。所以正确答案为D。3.根据第五段的第三句“Not when it finally corresponds to something already existing.but when the foreseen ideal moment of it being looked at is filled as the painter feels or calculates it should be filled.”选项C符合原文。4.根据原文可推断出选项C正确, 一幅画是静态的还是动态的不是由画家决定的, 而是由观看者决定的。5.根据原文内容可知选项D更符合原文。选项A, B, C都只是其中的一部分。12. 单选题a large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is_ conditions or events.问题1选项A.in response toB.in favor ofC.in contrast toD.in excess of【答案】A【解析】短语辨析。in response to响应，回答；in favor of有利于，支持，赞同；in contrast to与形成对照；in excess of超过。句意：人类活动的很大一部分，特别是与环境有关的活动，是对条件或事件的反应。选项A符合句意。13. 单选题School started on a_ cold day in February.问题1选项A.severeB.bitterC.suchD.frozen【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。severe严峻的，剧烈的，苛刻的；bitter痛苦的，尖刻的；such这样的，如此的；frozen冻结的；冷酷的。bitter修饰cold，为常用搭配，表示“严寒的”，所以选项B正确。14. 单选题Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up that dubious distinction by establishing paid family leave starting in 2011. I wasnt surprised when this didnt make the news here in the United Stateswere now the only wealthy country without such a policy.The United States does have one explicit family policy, the Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1993. It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem. Despite the modesty of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly, describing it as “government-run personnel management” and a “dangerous precedent”. In fact, every step of the way, as (usually) Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law, business groups have been strongly opposed.As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues, justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for. In her book No Exit: What Parents Owe Their Children and What Society Owes Parents, she argues that parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is “no exit” when it comes to children. “Society expectsand needspare