2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第38期

2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of this period wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on. Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed and experienced. They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient music although they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature.The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countries that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.21. What does the author mean by using the underlined word “eventually” in Para. 1?22. The underlined phrase “frowned on” in Para. 1 is closest in meaning to_.23. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of_.24. According to the passage, why was Bernardino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time?25. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a single Renaissance musical style?问题1选项A.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” after the other historians did.B.That most music historians used the term “Renaissance”.C.The term “Renaissance” became widely used by art historians but not by music historians.D.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” very differently than it had been used by Jules Michelet.问题2选项A.given upB.forgotten aboutC.argued aboutD.disapproved of问题3选项A.communication among artists across EuropeB.spirituality in everyday lifeC.a cultural emphasis on human valuesD.religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes问题4选项A.It was not complex enough to appeal to musicians.B.It had little emotional impact on audiences.C.It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time.D.It did not contain enough religious themes.问题5选项A.The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than style.B.The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.C.Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musicians.D.During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very long.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】21.推理判断题。题干定位到文章的第二句话It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians,“1855年，历史学家朱尔斯米歇莱在他的法国历史中首次使用了这个词，随后被文化史学家、艺术史学家甚至音乐史学家采用”从句子里面的表示时间逻辑的词first、then我们可以推测eventually是表示时间顺序，所以答案选A选项“音乐历史学家在其他历史学家之后使用了文艺复兴这个词”。B选项“大多数音乐历史学家使用文艺复兴这个词”，文章没有提及有多少音乐历史学家在使用这个单词，属于无中生有。C选项“文艺复兴一词被艺术史学家广泛使用，而不是音乐史学家”，文章没有提及文艺复兴这个词语没有流行于音乐历史学家，属于无中生有。D选项“音乐历史学家使用的文艺复兴一词与朱尔斯米歇莱使用的非常不同”，文章没有提及“文艺复兴”这个词的词义变迁，属于无中生有。22.词义推断题，第一步，句中前后信息衔接，定位到文章第一段倒数第二三句 To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on.“在生活中的满足成为一个理想的目标，并且表达整个人类的情感和享受感官的乐趣不再（）”，从这里可知，文意复兴就是回到以人为中心的理念上来，这句中and连接两个并列的句子，这两个句子都是用来说明文艺复兴时期出现的变化。第二步，上下文语义衔接，从第一段倒数第一句话Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.“艺术家和作家现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，从这里可以文意复兴时期艺术家从宗教回归到人本身，他们不但不排斥人的情绪反而推崇情绪并想尽办法让他们的作品更加动人，综上可知frowned on的意思是D选项“反对”，句意是“他们不再反对人类的情绪以及感官上的享受”。A选项“放弃”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。B选项“忘记了”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。C选项“争论”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。23.词义推断题。定位到文章倒数第三四句话Scholars and artists of this period wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human.“这一时期的学者和艺术家想要恢复希腊和罗马古典文明的学问和理想。对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人类。”从这里可知那些学者的想法是让古希腊罗马的价值观重生也就是回到以人为本的观念中来，这里与人有关的选项只有C选项“强调人类价值的文化”。A选项“欧洲艺术家之间的交流”，与题无关，欧洲的交流在文艺复兴前期就出现了否则文意复兴的思想不会传播的那么快。B选项“日常生活中的灵性”，定位到第一段倒数第二句话Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on.“在生活中的满足成为一个理想的目标，并且表达整个人类的情感和享受感官的乐趣不再被反对”，从这里可知重生不是指的人的精神而是指的人感官上的享受，这里属于张冠李戴。D选项“与传统世俗主题相伴的艺术中的宗教主题”，定位到第一段倒数第一句话Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.“艺术家和作家现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，由此可知D选项错误，不是宗教事务伴随着传统的世俗事务，而是从宗教事务转向传统世俗事务，这里属于偷换概念。24.词义推断题。定位到第二段倒数第二三句They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo“他们了解了古代音乐打动听者的力量，并想知道为什么现代音乐没有同样的效果。例如，有影响力的宗教领袖贝纳迪诺西里洛”，从这里可知引出西里洛不满的目的只是为了举例，说明古代音乐打动听者但是现在音乐就没有这种效果了，西里洛非常不满，希望音乐也能像雕塑、戏剧一样对古代文化进行重新发掘，所以B选项“它对观众的情感影响很小”正确。A选项“它不够复杂，不足以吸引音乐家”，见正确选项，从这里可知不满是因为现在音乐打动不了听者而不是音乐家，所以A选项错误，这里属于张冠李戴。C选项“它太依赖于他那个时代的艺术和文学”，文章没有提及。D选项“它没有包含足够的宗教主题”，定位到第一段倒数第一句话Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.“艺术家和作家现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，从中可知文艺复兴时期的艺术家都是从宗教事务转向世俗事务，所以作为一个文艺复兴时期的艺术家不会因为宗教成分过少而感到不满所以D选项错误。25.事实细节题。定位到文章最后一段第二句话Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countries that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.“此外，音乐在这一个半世纪中变化如此之快尽管在不同的国家变化速度不同，以至于我们无法定义一种单一的文艺复兴风格”，从这里可知答案选D选项“在文艺复兴时期，音乐从不是一成不变的”。B选项“音乐文艺复兴的时间太短，不足以产生一种新的音乐风格”，见正确选项解析，不是文艺复兴时间段太短了导致没有音乐风格而是文艺复兴时期出现的音乐风格太多导致无法给他们下一个明确的定义，这里属于偷换概念。A选项“音乐文艺复兴的定义是技术而不是风格”定位到最后一段第一句话The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques.“欧洲的音乐文艺复兴与其说是一套特定的音乐技巧，不如说是一种普遍的文化运动和心理状态”，这里虽然表述正确，但是与题无关所以不选，属于出处错误。C选项“文艺复兴时期的音乐家采用了希腊和罗马音乐家的风格”虽然文章有提及整个文艺复兴是对古希腊罗马文化的借鉴重生，但是不是为什么音乐界的文艺复兴风格缺失的原因与题无关所以不选，属于出处错误。2. 单选题As the great low ebb of high tech sweeps through the world of online commerce, two kinds of sites are weathering the storm. The first group is often referred to as “clicks and mortar” online extensions of stores like Walmart or Sears. They take an existing, traditional business and extend it into the online area. The second group provides a unique service made possible by the Internets special characteristics. Job sites and online auctioneer e-Bay are both good examples of the new breed of business that the Internet continues to foster.C is one of the latter group. Its a website that provides users with online stores where they can sell shirts, mugs, and mouse pads customized with their own logos and/or slogans. By itself, this is a fairly useful service, and an example of how the Internet has changed the art of marketing and customer service.C, however, is rather remarkable for another reason. Customers dont need to print large lots of items. They dont need to worry about shipping the goods to their customers. And they dont need to talk to another human being to get their store “built” in the first place. The site lets you upload an image and choose what sort of item youd like it to appear on. You can then choose how much to mark the item upthe difference between the items base cost and your mark-up price is your profitBase prices are high, but understandable when you consider what does for the initial investment. An 11 ounce mug starts at $10.99, For that, prints the mug on a piece-by-piece basis, provides the ordering software, handles the money, packs it, and ships it for you. The mugs purchaser pays shipping and handling costs; the store owners effort is limited to uploading the original image for the mug, setting the cost, and writing a brief description of the item.It seems to be catching on. “More and more companies come to us, who want to do some kind of merchandising, who want to offer a range of products to their users, but dont want the hassles associated with it,” says Maheesh Jain, s co-founder and vice-president. “Thats where we come inwere one of the few companies that offer this kind of full-service solution.”But the most exciting aspect of is not its ability to help major corporations outsource and customize their merchandising efforts. Whats remarkable about the system is how simple it is to open a store. An average individual with an idea that could sell 50 T-shirts or mugs cant justify a traditional merchandising effort, but with , users can easily bring ideas to fruition with very little time and no financial risk. Moreover, the quality of the merchandise is good; Ive ordered a mug and a shirt from , and both were shipped relatively promptly, and arrived exactly as promised.C is an idea thats easy to get excited about. Its a small but tangible example of how the Internet can change the way we live.6. The expression “weathering the storm” in the first sentence means .7. The first kind of site differs from the second kind of site in that .8. Which of the following about C is NOT true?9. What kind of customers need C most according to its vice-president?10. What is the most outstanding about C according to the author?问题1选项A.coming into being（形成，产生）B.surviving a crisisC.struggling in the stormD.being dominated by a stormy high tech wave问题2选项A.the first kind sells commodities while the second offers serviceB.the first kind extends items sold beyond the traditional categoriesC.the second kind is rising while the first kind is declining in the world of online commerceD.the second kind offers untraditional jobs to people experienced ill auctioning问题3选项A.Its customers are those who want to sell things rather than buy things.B.It along with similar sites, has changed the traditional way of marketing.C.It keeps its profit to a minimum in order to attract online customers.D.Its users dont have to transact the items to be sold face-to-face with their customers.问题4选项A.Those who sell a great variety of items.B.Those who sell unconventional commodities.C.Those who want to avoid the trouble of negotiating with clients.D.Those who have problem keeping their commodities moving.问题5选项A.The help it offers major companies in marketing their commodities.B.The conveniences it gives to companies in selling their commodities.C.The high quality of the merchandise it offers to customers.D.The speed and security it offers users to put their ideas into practice.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】6.词汇推测题，定位到文章第一段第一句As the great low ebb of high tech sweeps through the world of online commerce, two kinds of sites are weathering the storm，目标词前面半句的the great low ebb of high tech sweeps through“高科技的大低潮席卷而过”，后面的内容是两种网站中第一种公司的其中一个在蓬勃发展，所以这里weathering the storm是指这两种科技网站度过危机所以答案选B选项“生存危机”。A选项“形成”，定位到第一段第三句They take an existing, traditional business and extend it into the online area.（他们将现有的传统业务扩展到网络领域），由此可知不是形成，某些是早就存在，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“在风暴中挣扎”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“被暴风骤雨般的高科技浪潮所主宰”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。7.判断推理题，定位到第一段第二三四句The first group is often referred to as “clicks and mortar” online extensions of stores like Walmart or Sears. They take an existing, traditional business and extend it into the online area. The second group provides a unique service made possible by the Internets special characteristics.“第一种类型通常被称为“点击和实体店”沃尔玛或西尔斯(Sears)等商店的在线延伸。他们将现有的传统业务扩展到网络领域。第二种类型提供独特的服务，这是由于互联网的特点”，从这里可以看出第一类是把传统门店拓展到网络上，第二类是基于网络来为客户提供服务的，所以答案选B选项“第一类扩展了传统类别以外的销售项目”正确；A选项“第一种是卖商品，第二种是提供服务”，见正确选项，文中并没有说第一类只提供商品第二类只提供服务，A选项错误，属于无中生有；C选项“在电子商务的世界里，第二类正在崛起，而第一类正在衰落”，定位到第一段第一句two kinds of sites are weathering the storm.“有两类网站正经受住这场风暴的考验”，从这里可以看出，这两类网站都在发展，都没有衰落，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“第二种提供非传统的工作给那些经历过糟糕拍卖的人”文章没有提及，属于无中生有。8.事实细节题，C选项“为了吸引在线客户，它将利润保持在最低水平”，文章没有提及，这里属于无中生有，所以答案选C；A选项“它的顾客是那些想卖东西而不是想买东西的人”，定位到第二段第二句话Its a website that provides users with online stores where they can sell shirts, mugs, and mouse pads customized with their own logos and/or slogans.“这是一个为用户提供在线商店的网站，在那里他们可以出售带有自己的商标和/或口号的衬衫、马克杯和鼠标垫”从这里可知选项A正确；B选项“它和类似的网站一起改变了传统的营销方式”，定位到第二段第三句话By itself, this is a fairly useful service, and an example of how the Internet has changed the art of marketing and customer service.“就其本身而言，这是一项相当有用的服务，也是互联网如何改变营销和客户服务艺术的一个例子”从这里可知B选项正确；D选项“它的用户不需要与他们的客户面对面地交易出售的物品”，定位到第三段第三句话They dont need to worry about shipping the goods to their customers.“他们不需要担心把货物运送给他们的客户”从这里可知D选项正确。9.事实细节题，根据题干定位到第五段第二三句“More and more companies come to us, who want to do some kind of merchandising, who want to offer a range of products to their users, but dont want the hassles associated with it,” says Maheesh Jain, s co-founder and vice-president. “Thats where we come inwere one of the few companies that offer this kind of full-service solution.”的联合创始人兼副总裁Maheesh Jain表示：“越来越多的公司来找我们，他们想做某种商品推销，想向用户提供一系列产品，但不想为此带来麻烦。这就是我们的切入点，我们是少数几家提供这种全方位服务解决方案的公司之一。”从这里可知答案选C“那些想要避免与客户谈判的麻烦的人”；A选项“那些卖各种各样商品的人”，见正确选项，选项中提到的是a great variety但是文章提到的some，这里属于偷换概念；B选项“那些出售非传统商品的人”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“那些无法保持商品流通的人”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。10.事实细节题，定位到倒数第二段第二三句Whats remarkable about the system is how simple it is to open a store. An average individual with an idea that could sell 50 T-shirts or mugs cant justify a traditional merchandising effort, but with , users can easily bring ideas to fruition with very little time and no financial risk.“这个系统的非凡之处在于，开店非常简单。一个普通人的想法可以卖出50件t恤或杯子，这并不能证明传统的营销努力是合理的，但有了，用户可以在很少的时间和没有财务风险的情况下轻松实现想法”从这里可知答案选B选项“它给公司销售商品带来的便利”；A选项“它为大公司营销其商品提供的帮助”，定位到倒数第二段第一句话But the most exciting aspect of is not its ability to help major corporations outsource and customize their merchandising efforts.“但是，最令人兴奋的方面并不是它能够帮助大公司外包和定制他们的销售工作”，从这里可知选项A错误，属于反向干扰；C选项“向顾客提供高质量的商品”定位到倒数第二段第四句Moreover, the quality of the merchandise is good“此外，商品的质量也很好”，文章虽然提到商品质量好，但是这只是补充点，在方便开店的基础上他们商品的质量也很好，这里属于出处错误；D选项“它为用户将他们的想法付诸实践提供的速度和安全性”，见正确选项解析，文章虽然有和选项的同义替换句，即倒数第二段第三句，但是这只是为了解释说明开店的简单程度，所以不选，这里属于偷换概念。3. 翻译题Directions: For this part, you are to translate a passage from Chinese into English.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学，从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。他们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。【答案】Innovation in China is booming at an unprecedented rate. In order to catch up with the developed countries in science and technology as soon as possible, China has greatly increased its research and development fund in recent years. They are also working with science and technology parks around the country to commercialize their innovations. At the same time, whether in products or business models, Chinese entrepreneurs are striving to be pioneers in innovation to adapt to the ever-changing and growing needs of domestic and foreign consumer markets.4. 翻译题Directions: For this part, you are to translate a passage from Chinese into English.西安是我国黄河流域古代文明的重要发源地之一，与雅典、罗马、开罗并称为世界四大古都。西安古称长安，距今已有3000多年的历史。自西周时起一直到唐代，先后有12个王朝在这里建都，历经2000余年。汉、唐两代，更是西安的鼎盛时期。汉代的长安城相当于古罗马城的3倍，唐代的长安城则为汉长安城的2.4倍，人口多达百万以上。中华人民共和国成立后，西安一直是西北的政治中心和陕西省省会所在地。【答案】Xian is one of the important cradles of ancient civilization in the Yellow River Valley of China, and is known as the four ancient capitals of the world together with Athens, Rome and Cairo. Xian, known as Changan in ancient times, has a history of more than 3,000 years. From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, 12 dynasties established their capitals here for more than 2,000 years. The Han and Tang dynasties were the heyday of Xian. The City of Changan in the Han Dynasty was three times the size of ancient Rome, and the city of Changan in the Tang Dynasty was 2.4 times that of Han Changan, with a population of more than one million. Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, Xian has been the political center of northwest China and the capital of Shanxi Province.5. 单选题We all have offensive breath at one time or another. In most cases, offensive breath emanates from bacteria in the mouth, although there are other more causes.Until a few years ago, the most doctors could do was to counsel patients with bad breath about oral cleanliness. Now they are finding new ways to treat the usually curable condition.Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva (唾液) slows. Our mouths are full of bacteria feeding on protein in bits of food and shed tissue. The bacteria emit evil smelling gases, the worst of which is hydrogen sulfide (硫化物).Mouth bacteria thrive in airless conditions. Oxygen rich saliva keeps their numbers down. When we sleep, for example, the saliva stream slows, and sulfur producing bacteria gain the upper hand, producing classic “morning breath”.Alcohol hunger, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exercise anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath. So can stress, though its not understood why. Some peoples breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview.Saliva flow gradually slows with age, which explains why the elderly have more bad breath trouble than younger people do. Babies, however, who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.For most of us, the simple, dry mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured. Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria. Breakfast often stops morning breath.Those with chronic dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum, hard candy, or a bottle of water or juice around. Brushing the teeth wipes out dry mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria. Surprisingly, one thing that rarely works is mouthwash. The liquid can mask bad breath odor with its own smell, but the effect lasts no more than an hour. Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath. The trouble is, they dont necessarily reach all offending germs. Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus (黏液). If the mouthwash contains alcoholas most doit can intensify the problem by