2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第4期

2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Starting with the_that there is life on the planet Mars, the scientist went on to develop his argument.问题1选项A.premiseB.pretextC.foundationD.presentation【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项premise“前提，假定”；B选项pretext“借口，托词”；C选项foundation“地基，基础”；D选项presentation“提交，展示”。根据that引导的同位语从句“火星上有生命”可知选A。句意：从火星上有生命这一前提出发，这位科学家继续深入他的论点。2. 单选题To be successful, a business traveler must be able to maintain contact with the office no matter what the time or place. Negotiations often involve decisions based on the latest figures. New telecommunications products and services now on the market make staying in to touch earlier than ever before.The most widespread device is the cellular phone the price of which has dropped from several thousand dollars to a few hundred, including installation. There are over 2 million mobile cellular phones in use today, including both car phones and cordless transportable units. Car phones have proven indispensable for road emergencies as well as routine business transactions. Phone service is also available on airlines and on the rails.Recently introduced pocked-size organizers help business travelers with heavy schedules keep track of clients. These are tiny computers that can store all kinds of information. They can serve as phone and address directories, calendars, electronic memo pads, and calculators, among other users.Another invaluable telecommunications tool is smaller, lighter fax machines that plug into any standard electrical outlet and phone line. The devices allow machine. It is expected that faxing will soon become be primary means of sending and receiving short documents requiring prompt attention.1. According to the passage, why do business travelers need to keep in touch with the office?2. According to the passage, mobile phone service（）.3. In line 11, the italicized word “these” refers to（）.4. It can be inferred from the passage that fax machines probably（）.5. What does the paragraph following the passage most probably discuss?问题1选项A.They may not know where they areB.Company guidelines require frequent contactC.They must have the latest information for negotiationsD.So many new products and services are on the market问题2选项A.is very useful in the case of road accidentsB.still costs several thousands of dollarsC.is not yet available on trains and airplanesD.does not come in transportable form问题3选项A.clientsB.schedulesC.organizersD.travelers问题4选项A.are still far from becoming a standard business toolB.will eventually replace mail delivery of short documentsC.cannot be used in conjunction with phone serviceD.are now as small and light as they can ever be问题5选项A.Types of hard copyB.Compatibility among fax machinesC.Handling documents in a timely fashionD.Another practical telecommunications device【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第一段“To be successful, a business traveler must be able tomaintain contact with the office no matter what the time or place. Negotiationsoften involve decisions based on the latest figures. ”可知，为了成功，出差人员必须随时随地与公司保持联系。谈判决定通常要基于最新数据。因此，出差人员与办公室联系的原因是他们必须掌握最新的数据用于谈判。本题正确答案为C项。2.细节事实题。通过“Car phones haveproven indispensable for road emergencies as well as routine businesstransactions.”可知，汽车电话已被证明在道路紧急情况和日常商业交易中不可或缺。故A项正确。由原文第二段 “The most widespread device is the cellularphone the price of which has dropped from several thousand dollars to a fewhundred可知，移动电话已经大幅降价，B 项错误。由“Phone service is also available on airlines andon the rails.” 可知C项错误。通过“cordlesstransportable units无线便携式装置”可知D项错误。因此，本题正确答案为A。3.词汇题。由文章第三段“Recentlyintroduced pocked-size organizers help business travelers with heavy scheduleskeep track of clients. These are tiny computers that can store all kinds ofinformation.”可知，大意是：最新的口袋备忘录帮助行程繁重的商旅人士与客户保持联系。这种微型电脑也可以存储各种信息。因此，根据上下文分析可知these指的是 “pocked-size organizers，因此正确答案为C项。4.推理判断题。由“It is expected thatfaxing will soon become be primary means of sending and receiving shortdocuments requiring prompt attention.” 可知A项错误，B项内容在文章并未说明。而由原文第四段“Another invaluable telecommunications tool is smaller,lighter fax machines that plug into any standard electrical outlet and phoneline. ”可知，另一种宝贵的通讯工具是更小巧轻便的传真机，可以插入任何标准电源插座和电话线的，C项排除，而且其中的“smaller and lighter”体现比较结构，因此，D项正确。 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE 5.推理判断题。分析文章框架可知：第一段引出新通讯工具的话题，第二段介绍手机，第三段介绍口袋备忘录，第四段介绍传真机。因此，接下来很可能会介绍另一种实用的通讯工具，即D项是正确答案。3. 单选题The_of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek.问题1选项A.originB.generationC.decentD.cause【答案】A【解析】考查名词。A选项origin“起源，来源”，指事物开始出现的始点或其来源与出处；B选项generation“一代，产生”；C选项decent“正派的，得体的”，为形容词；D选项cause“原因，起因”，指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：这个词的起源是未知的，但肯定不是来自希腊语。4. 单选题The dog has （） its affection to its new master in Chinas industries.问题1选项A.transferredB.transformedC.transportedD.transmitted【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项transferred v.转移，转让，调动；B选项transformed v.转化，变换；C选项 transported v.运输，搬运；D选项transmitted v.传输，传送，遗传。根据动词宾语its affection可知，A项符合语义和搭配。因此，A项为正确选项。句意：小狗己经将自己的情感转移给了它的新主人。5. 单选题When he tried to make a_, he found that the hotel that he wanted was completely filled because of a convention.问题1选项A.complaintB.claimC.reservationD.lodging【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项complaint“抱怨，控诉”；B选项claim“宣称，声称”；C选项reservation“预约，预订”；D选项 lodging“寄宿，借宿”。根据the hotel was completely filled（酒店客满了）可知C选项符合语义，make a reservation表示“预订”。句意：当他试图预订时，他发现他想要的旅馆因为一个会议而客满。6. 单选题Surprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are just not kept.We know that more than 850,000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital.Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England, which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter has only a part-time teacher. The special childrens hospitals in major cities do best general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off.From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacherand that contact may be as little as two hour s a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents of their own school. If there was a teacher, they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work, without a teacher they would only play games.Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is often all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when patents offered to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”.Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can.Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed.1. The author points out at the beginning that_.2. It can be inferred from the latest survey that_.3. Children in hospital usually turn to_in order to catch up with their school work.4. We can conclude from the passage that the author is_.问题1选项A.every child in hospital receives some teachingB.not enough is known about hospital teachingC.hospital teaching is of poor qualityD.the special childrens hospitals are worst off问题2选项A.hospital teaching across the country is similarB.each hospital has at least one part time teacherC.all hospital surveyed offer education to childrenD.only one-fourth of the hospitals have full-time teachers问题3选项A.hospital teachersB.schoolmatesC.parentsD.school teachers问题4选项A.unfavorable towards children receiving education in hospitalsB.in favor of the present state of teaching in hospitalsC.unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teachingD.satisfied with the results of the latest survey【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education（没有人知道有多少孩子能在英国的医院接受教育，更不用说教育的内容和质量了）可知B选项“对医院教学知之甚少”符合题意。2.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的It is found that half the hospitals in England, which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter has only a part-time teacher.（据发现，英国有一半的医院没有教师。另外四分之一的医院只有兼职教师）可推测只有四分之一的医院有全职教师，因此选D。3.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work.（孩子们往往依靠相关的学校朋友来赶上学校的功课）可知选B。4.观点态度题。本文主要介绍了医院中的存在的教学问题，比如教师的严重缺少。根据调查结果及文章最后一段中的But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed.（但学校在缓解许多受访儿童对落后的焦虑方面收效甚微）可知作者对当前的医院教学现状是不满意的，因此选C。7. 单选题The lions ferocious behavior was attributed to its lack of edible flesh.问题1选项A.tameB.relaxedC.savageD.fable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。题目中ferocious表示“残忍的；惊人的；凶残的”；A选项为“驯服的；顺从的；平淡的”；B选项为“放松的，宽松的”；C选项为“野蛮的；荒凉的；凶猛的”；D选项为“寓言，童话”，不是形容词。根据句意可知，狮子的残暴行为源于缺少食用肉。因此，正确答案是C项。8. 单选题He is not a very credible lecturer.问题1选项A.well-knownB.religiousC.ordinaryD.believable【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。credible表示“可靠的；可信的”；A选项为“著名的；众所周知的”；B选项为“宗教的，严谨的”；C选项为“普通的；一般的”；D选项为“可信的”。根据句意可知，他不是一个可信的演讲者。因此，D项为正确答案。9. 单选题Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles. But by the middle of this century, mens and womens roles were becoming less firmly fixed.In the 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in childcare, men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes. In addition, many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam.In terms of numbers, the counterculture was not a very large group of people. But its influence spread to many parts of American society. Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns. Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on “overtime” work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families. Some doctors, lawyers, and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.In the 1970s, the feminist movement, or womens liberation, produced additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers. Most of them still took traditional womens jobs as public school teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work, banking, dentistry, and construction work. Women were asking for equal work, and equal opportunities for promotion.Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 1?2. Which sentence best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 2?3. In the passage the author proposes that the counterculture_.4. It could be inferred from the passage that_.5. The best title for the passage may be_.问题1选项A.Women usually worked outside the home for wages.B.Men and womens roles were easily exchanged in the past.C.Mens roles at home were more firmly fixed than womens.D.Men and womens roles were usually quite separated in the past.问题2选项A.The first sentence.B.The second and the third sentences.C.The fourth sentence.D.The last sentence.问题3选项A.destroyed the United StatesB.transfonned some American valuesC.was not important in the United StatesD.brought people more leisure time with their families问题4选项A.men and women will never share the same goalsB.some men will be willing to exchange their traditional male rolesC.most men will be happy to share some of the household responsibilities with their wivesD.more American households are headed by women than ever before问题5选项A.Results of Feminist MovementsB.New influence in American LifeC.Counterculture and Its consequenceD.Traditional Division of Male and Female Roles【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。由文章第一段中Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles.（男人在外面工作，挣的钱养家，而女人做饭，照顾家里和孩子。这些角色对大多数人来说是固定不变的，妇女没有机会交换她们的角色）可知过去男女的分工明确，角色相对固定，因此选D。2.主旨大意题。文章第二段主要讲述了反主流文化对男女分工角色的影响，再根据第一段最后一句中But by the middle of this century, mens and womens roles were becoming less firmly fixed.（但是到了本世纪中叶，男性和女性的角色越来越不固定）可知C选项最符合题意。A选项“在20世纪50年代，经济和社会的成功是典型的美国人的目标”；B选项“但是在20世纪60年代，一支新的力量被称为反文化。参与这场运动的人并不重视美国中产阶级的目标；C选项“反主流文化为男性和女性提供了新的角色选择”；D选项“一些年轻男性拒绝应征当兵参加越南战争”。3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中But its influence spread to many parts of American society（但它的影响却蔓延到美国社会的许多方面）可推测反主流文化改变了美国的一些价值观，因此选B。4.推理判断题。由文章第二段中Taking more interest in childcare, men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes.（由于对育儿更感兴趣，男人们开始和妻子分担抚养孩子的任务。事实上，一些年轻男女搬进了公共住宅或农场，在那儿双方共同承担经济和抚养孩子的责任）可推测C选项“大多数男人都很乐意和妻子分担一些家务”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了过去社会男女分工明确，角色固定；第二三段讲述了反主流文化以及它的影响；第四段讲述了女权运动给美国社会和经济带来的变化；最后一段简单概括男女地位的变化与转变中的困难。因此B选项“美国生活的新影响”符合题意。10. 单选题Professor Kline concludes that competition with research in the universities is so detrimental to teaching that he recommends that the two functions be physically and financially separated by setting up research institutes. I suggested that the development of a sound program of educational research would be much more beneficial to teaching. Such a program would not only improve teaching theory and technique, it would make clear what competencies are required of a good teacher and help professors attain them. Educational research should be required to meet the same standards as scientific research, but it cannot be raised to those standards without comparable support and commitment. Competent educational research is no more a part-time activity than competent scientific research. The relatively trivial educational research so common in the universities is an inevitable consequence of trivial commitment by the universities. Rather than belittle such research, the professors have an obligation to see that it is upgraded. Let no one think that educational research is easy: it is concerned with no less than unraveling the complexities of the human mind. There is no reason to believe that an effective theory and technology of instruction is any easier to achieve than controlled nuclear fusion. It is certainly every bit as worthy.1. Professor Kline believes that competition with research in the universities（）.2. The author wants to improve（）.3. The author believes that scientific research（）.4. According to the author educational research（）.5. Educational research in most universities today （）.问题1选项A.leads to the establishment of separate research institutesB.is harmful to teachingC.functions well in the universitiesD.is financially unsound问题2选项A.research institutesB.development programsC.educational researchD.part-time activity问题3选项A.is not necessarily easier than educational researchB.has standards that educational research cannot attainC.with educational researchD.must be relegated to a part-time activity问题4选项A.is relatively easyB.is quite complexC.is often trivialD.should have lower standards问题5选项A.receives adequate supportB.is no longer a part-tome activityC.is easy to achieveD.needs more commitment【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段Professor Kline concludes that competition with research in the universities is so detrimentaltoteaching that the two functions be physically and financially separated by setting up research institutes.，可知，Professor Kline认为研究成果的竞争会对教育产生负面的影响，从而降低教学质量，即对教学有不利影响。因此，B项为正确答案。2.细节事实题。由原文 the development of a sound program of educational research would be much more beneficial to teaching.以及Educational research should be required to meet the same standards as scientific research可知，作者认为必须提高educational research的地位，要把educational research和scientific research放在同等重要的位置共谋发展。 A选项research institutes一直就是学校比较重视的方面；B选项并未在文中单独说明； D选项也不是侧重点。因此，C项符合原文，为正确答案。3.观点态度题。由原文Educational research should be required to meet the same standards as scientific research, but it cannot be raised to those standards without comparable support and commitment.可知，作者认为教育研究应该与科学研究有一样的标准，但是如果没有同等的投入和支持，无法实现这些标准。因此，B项认为“科学研究的有些标准，教育研究无法实现”是正确答案。故本题选择B项。4.细节事实题。根据原文Let no one think that educational research is easy: it is concerned with no less than unraveling the complexities of the human mind.可知，作者认为教育研究并不简单，难度不亚于解开人类思维的复杂性。故本题正确答案为B项。5.细节事实题。通过原文The relatively trivial educational research so common in the universities is an inevitable consequence of trivial commitment by the universities. Rather than belittle such research, the professors have an obligation to see that it is upgraded.可知，如今在大学中，教育研究需要更多的承诺，教授们有责任促进教学科研水平的提高，而不是减少这类研究。因此，D项是正确答案。11. 单选题Be careful; this patients disease is（）.问题1选项A.congenialB.accessibleC.compulsoryD.contagious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项为“意气相投的；一致的”；B选项为“易相处的；可理解的”；C选项为“义务的；必须的；强制性的”；D选项为“传染性的；会蔓延的”。根据所修饰名词disease疾病可知，D项为正确答案。12. 单选题British scientists find that the nesting habits of 20 species of birds with the warming trend of the earths atmosphere.问题1选项A.conflictB.coincideC.adaptD.approve【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项conflict v.冲突，矛盾，斗争；B选项coincide v.致，符合，同时发生；C选项adapt v.适应于；D选项approve v.批准，赞成，满意。根据句意可知，英国科学家发现二十种鸟类的筑巢习惯与地球大气的温度上升趋势一致。因此，B项符合题意。13. 单选题Norris has decided to for some evening class next them now that he has settled down in New York.问题1选项A.enrollB.enlist