2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第20期

2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 不定项选择题Perhaps the real virtue of the UglyRipes “ugliness,” which is nothing compared with the deformed beauty of true heirloom tomatoes, is that it helps us see how strange the uniformity of regular winter tomatoes really is. For a backyard grower, taste is everything. But in commercial production, taste is an abstraction. It is whats left after all the other criteria for a good commercial tomato have been met: disease resistance, regular shape, consistent ripening, the ability to withstand picking and packing and shipping, a long shelf life. Taste is too subjective, according to the Florida Tomato Committee, to judge tomatoes by.The UglyRipe may be a better tomato. After all, its growers have selected for better taste, not perfect shape. But one thing that would certainly make the UglyRipe a better tomato is a different way of growing it. Santa Sweets produces organic UglyRipes, but they are few and hard to find. It now grows its conventional tomatoes without using agricultural chemicals that carry reproductive risksbut it still uses methyl bromide, a powerful, ozone-depleting pesticide, to fumigate the soil in which conventional UglyRipes grow.Under the terms of the Montreal Protocol, the use of methyl bromide was supposed to be phased out completely by January 2005. But for the past few years, the Bush administration has claimed an exemption for “critical uses,” one of which is growing winter tomatoes in Florida. We used to consider it a luxury to eat fruits and vegetables out of season. But what we eat out of season has been machined to withstand the rigors of the supply chain and produced in ways that only our ignorance can sustain. The truth is that there is no luxury-nor critical usein it. Even an ugly, better-tasting winter tomato isnt worth the price.59. The word “machined” in the last paragraph means（ ）.60. The criteria for a good commercial tomato does not include（ ）.61.（ ）makes the UglyRipe better.62. Methyl bromide is used to（ ）.63. Methyl bromide, a powerful ozone-depleting pesticide（ ）.64. The main point of this article is（ ）.问题1选项A.a machine that has been usedB.using as a machineC.unconditionedD.conditioned问题2选项A.the ability to withstand picking, packing, and shippingB.consistent ripeningC.bright red colorD.disease, resistance问题3选项A.Its shapeB.Its shelf lifeC.Its tasteD.Its bright red color问题4选项A.fumigate the soilB.fumigate the plantsC.fumigate the tomatoD.none of the above问题5选项A.is commonly used todayB.is safe for the atmosphereC.was to be completely phased out by January 2005D.is safe for the environment问题6选项A.finding tomatoes that taste goodB.what backyard growers need mostC.there is no luxury nor critical use worth the price of poisoning our environmentD.what you dont know wont hurt you【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C第6题:C【解析】59.【试题答案】D【试题解析】词义辨析题。根据题干，可以定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句But what we eat out of season has been machined to withstand the rigors of the supply chain and produced in ways that only our ignorance can sustain（但我们吃的非季节性食物经过加工，经受住了供应链的严酷考验，而且只有我们的无知才能维持下去），最后一段讲到：人们以前认为吃非季节性水果或蔬菜很奢侈，然而现在这些非季节性产品已经适应了供应的需求，因为人们使用农药大量的生产非季节性水果或蔬菜。所以machine在这里的意思是表示“适应”。D选项“使适应”，符合文章词义，D选项正确。A选项“被使用过的机器”，文章的词义应该是一个动词，A选项名词可排除。B选项“作为机器使用”，不符合文章内容，可排除。C选项“无条件的”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。60.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。根据文章第一段第三句 It is whats left after all the other criteria for a good commercial tomato have been met: disease resistance, regular shape, consistent ripening, the ability to withstand picking and packing and shipping, a long shelf life.（它是在一个好的商业番茄的所有其他标准都得到满足之后剩下的东西：抗病、形状规则、成熟一致、经得起采摘、包装和运输的能力、保质期长）。C选项“明艳大红色彩”，在文章没有提到，C选项可排除。A选项“经得起挑选、包装和运输的能力”，文章提到，经得起采摘、包装和运输的能力，A选项可排除。B选项“一致的成熟”，文章提到，成熟一致，B选项可排除。D选项“抗病性”，文章提到，抗病能力，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。61.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第二段第一句The UglyRipe may be a better tomato. After all, its growers have selected for better taste, not perfect shape.（UglyRipe可能是更好的番茄。毕竟，它的种植者选择更好的口味，而不是完美的形状）。C选项“它的口感”，符合文章内容，故答案选项为C。A选项“它的形状”，跟文章内容正好相反，可排除。B选项“它的保质期”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“鲜红的颜色”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此C选项正确。62.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据文章第二段倒数第三句but it still uses methyl bromide, a powerful, ozone-depleting pesticide to fumigate the soil.（但它仍然使用甲基溴，一种强大的、消耗臭氧的杀虫剂来熏蒸土壤），A选项“用烟熏消毒土壤”，符合文章内容，A选项正确，B选项“香薰植物”，文章没有提到香薰植物，可排除B选项。C选项“香薰番茄”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“以上都不是”，可排除。因此A选项正确。63.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句the use of methyl bromide was supposed to be phased out completely by January 2005（甲基溴的使用应该在2005年1月之前完全停止），也就是说这种农药会完全停止。be phased out（逐渐淘汰，逐渐停止），C选项“会在2005年1月前完全淘汰”，符合文章内容。A选项“现在被广泛使用”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。B选项“对大气安全”，文章提到甲基溴是一种强消耗农药，可知会对大气造成污染。D选项“对环境安全”，文章提到农药会破坏环境，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。64.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章从西红柿的种植开始，到最后一段讲到农药的使用，才涉及到了文章的主题“the truth is that there is no luxury nor critical usein it”这里的it 指的便是环境。这些关键性的使用和奢侈的代价绝没有破换环境的代价大。A选项“找到好吃的西红柿”，B选项“这是后院种植者最需要的”，C选项“任何奢侈或重要用途都不值得我们为污染环境付出代价”和D选项“你不知道的事不会伤害你”中对文章的主旨概括最准确的是C选项。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题They assisted the officials in organizing projects, took responsibility for their maintenance, and attended to the countless details involved in the organization, direction, and（ ）of masses of laborers.问题1选项A.staffB.sustenanceC.ingredientsD.components【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项staff“职员”；B选项sustenance“生计”；C选项ingredient“原料，要素”；D选项component“成分，组件”。题干提到，官员组织项目，负责项目的维护，其中也提到劳动者，可推测劳动者的生计问题受到关注，可知B选项正确。句意：他们帮助官员组织项目，负责项目的维护，处理组织、指导和广大劳动者的所涉及到的无数的细节。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题After continual bickering on questions of strategy, Li finally exhausted Tsengs patience by refusing to draft for him a memorial（ ）he took exception.问题1选项A.of whichB.to whichC.from whichD.out of which【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。take exception to“不以为然，反对”。这里是将介词提前，和which引导定语从句，因此B选项正确。句意：不停地争论策略问题后，李终于因为拒绝为茨奥设计他的纪念物而耗尽了茨奥的耐心。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题On behalf of my company, I am（ ）to you and your colleagues for your generous help.问题1选项A.subjectedB.inclinedC.availableD.obliged【答案】D【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项subject与to搭配，意思是“隶属于”；B选项incline to“倾向于”；C选项available to“供给”；D选项obliged to“感激”，句意：我代表我的公司，对你和你的同事们的慷慨帮助表示感谢。A，B，C项都不符合题意，故选D。5. 单选题After centuries of self-enforced（ ）, China has gained for herself a place in world affairs that brings her into the current of modern history.问题1选项A.cooperationB.monopolyC.dictatorshipD.seclusion【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项cooperation“合作，协作”；B选项monopoly“垄断”；C选项dictatorship“专政，专制”；D选项seclusion“隐居”。根据后文中国占据了一席之地，可推测，中国经过数百年的自我专制，到达今天的地位。句意：经过数百年的自我实施后，中国已经在国际事务上占有一席之地，并进入了现代历史的浪潮。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题The methods through which they built up and maintained personal followings and the outlooks which accompanied such activity likewise became important（ ）for modern Chinese political behavior.问题1选项A.precedentsB.pioneerC.sourceD.resource【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项precedents“引用单元”；B选项pioneer“先锋”；C选项source“来源”；D选项resource“资源”。分析题干可知，空白处应填入一个名词，根据题干内容，活动会成为中国政治行为的，可推测答案选项为C。句意：他们用来建立维护追随者的方法与完成这样的活动的展望也成为了现今中国政治行为的重要。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题The scene is so beautiful that it（ ）my power of description.问题1选项A.transportsB.transfersC.transcendsD.transforms【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项transport“运送”，B项transfer“转移”，C项transcend“胜过，超越”，D项transform“改变，转换”。句意：这景色是如此美丽，我无法用语言来形容。根据句意，该题选C正确。8. 单选题The sales manager was so adamant about her idea that it was out of the question for anyone to talk her out of it.问题1选项A.adaptableB.anxiousC.firmD.talkative【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。adamant在句中是“坚决的，坚定不移的”，A选项adaptable “能适应的”；B选项anxious“焦虑的”；C选项firm“坚固的；坚决的”；D选项talkative“健谈的”。句意：销售经理对自己的想法如此坚决，以至于任何人都无法说服她放弃。因此选C。9. 单选题The prodigal son spent his money extravagantly and soon after he left home he was reduced to a beggar.问题1选项A.lavishlyB.economicallyC.thriftilyD.extrovertly【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。extravagantly在句中是“挥霍无度地”；A选项lavishly“浪费地”；B选项economically“经济地，经济学地”；C项thriftily“节俭地”；D选项extrovertly“外向地”。句意：这个浪子挥霍钱财，离家不久就沦为乞丐。根据选项，只有A项符合。10. 不定项选择题A finalist in a youth oratorical contest, Ceciles speech focuses on a history of Americans and the world turning their backs on injustice, losing sight of “our humanitarian obligation.” The unconscionable acts of history are repeating, but the world is “bickering over the terminology that is used to describe what Darfur is facing,” she said, with a swing of her hip and an indignant glare.How could the United States that bonded after Sept. 11, 2001, leave people on rooftops surrounded by floodwaters almost four years later, she questioned. It all comes down to “people neglecting people, ” she said matter-of-factly.“Everybody is part of Gods creation. Everybody deserves help. We all are going to need it eventually in our lifetime, and for us to neglect anyone from anywhere is just horrible,” Cecile said, shaking her head.Emoni draws parallels between the Holocaust and current events in Africa by citing a lack of guidance, understanding and compassion.“How can we say hope for those unseen when we do not help them have hope or believe there is hope because we cant see them?” the Godwin Middle School student asked, nearly making the walls shake with her emphasis on the word “we”.The world has a history of great leaders who brought international wrongs to light, she said, jabbing her index finger into the air in front of her. The situation in Darfur has primarily been ignored because the world lacks a powerful leader to get that message out, she said, furiously pacing the classroom floor.“I think if people learn about it and they hear about itif they understood it, then we can make a difference,” Emoni said, getting to the heart of her argument.All three students understand it could be their voice that motivates the masses tomorrow. Their speeches could bring the issues into the light as they follow the tradition of great orators before them on the day honoring one of the greatest.After careful, quiet consideration, Seth said the contest and celebration would have moved King.“It is the little people trying to make a difference, reciting speeches and all of this. He can feel happy that his work, like, what he left behind, is still going on as if he was here today,” he said.“And how did he start it? He started it through his voice, you know. Through just speaking up for what is right. And not being afraid of what people think of you, but knowing what is right and setting aside all other things,” an excited and boisterous Cecile said.53. The word “boisterous” in the last paragraph can be substituted by（ ）.54. In her speech, Cecile, a finalist in a youth oratorical contest accuses America of（ ）.55. Emoni, another contestant, compared the Holocaust to current events in Africa by not citing（ ）.56. Emoni said the world lacks（ ）.57. Emonis main points did not include（ ）.58. Seth, another contestant, said if Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. were there, he would（ ）.问题1选项A.loudB.quiteC.niceD.noisy问题2选项A.fulfilling humanitarian obligationsB.promoting justice worldwideC.neglecting peopleD.using terminology to describe what Darfur is facing问题3选项A.lack of foodB.lack of guidanceC.lack of understandingD.lack of compassion问题4选项A.a powerful leader to crush wrongB.a powerful leader to bring international wrong to lightC.someone who understands the problemD.someone who cares about injustice问题5选项A.only listening and learningB.hearing and learningC.understandingD.making a difference问题6选项A.be afraid of what people would thinkB.not know what is right in todays worldC.feel happy that his work was still going onD.want the student to study harder【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A第6题:C【解析】53.【试题答案】D【试题解析】词义辨析题。根据题干，可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句an excited and boisterous Cecile said（兴奋而喧闹的塞西尔说），文章开头就提到了文章是辩论赛的决赛，那么辩论赛的现场应该是兴奋而又喧闹的，所以可推测boisterous指的应该是“喧闹的”。D选项“嘈杂的；喧闹的”，符合文章词义，D选项正确。A选项“大声的”，跟“喧闹”有一定的区别，可排除。B选项“相当”，不符合文章内容，可排除。C选项“精密的，美好的”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。54.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第一段the world turning their backs on injustice, losing sight of our humanitarian obligation. The world is “bickering over the terminology that is used to describe what Darfur is facing,”（全世界对不公正置之不理，忽视了我们的人道主义义务。世界正在为描述达尔富尔所面临的问题的术语而争吵）这是Cecile对整个世界的控诉，不是对美国的控诉。第二段的内容才是对美国的控诉，即It all comes down to people neglecting people.（这一切都归结于人们忽视他人），C选项“忽视人民”符合文章内容，C选项正确。A选项“履行人道主义义务”，文章提到，忽视了我们的人道主义义务，A选项可排除。B选项“促进全球正义”，不符合文章内容，可排除。D选项“用术语来描述达尔富尔所面临的问题”，文章提到世界正在为描述达尔富尔所面临的问题的术语而争吵，并没有用术语解决问题，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。55.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第四段Emoni draws parallels between the Holocaust and current events in Africa by citing a lack of guidance, understanding and compassion.（Emoni以缺乏指导、理解和同情为例，将大屠杀和非洲的当前事件进行了对比），A选项“食物的缺乏”，没有提及，可排除。B选项“缺乏指导”、C选项“缺乏理解”，D选项“缺乏同情心”，文章提到，Emoni以缺乏指导、理解和同情为例。可排除B、C、D选项。因此A选项正确。56.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第六段第二句The situation in Darfur has primarily been ignored because the world lacks a powerful leader to get that message out（达尔富尔的局势基本上被忽视了，因为世界缺乏一个强有力的领导人来传达这一信息），这句话中“get that message out”的意思是“将这个信息曝光，让人们知道”，等同“bring sth to light”。B选项“一个揭露国际错误的强大领袖”，符合文章内容。A选项“一个强有力的领导者，可以粉碎错误”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“一个理解问题的人”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“一个关心不公正的人”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此B选项正确。57.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第七段“I think if people learn about it and they hear about it . . . if they understood it, then we can make a difference,” Emoni said, getting to the heart of her argument（我认为，如果人们了解它，听到它如果他们能理解，我们就能有所作为，埃莫尼说，直指她的核心论点），选项A“只听和学”，文章埃莫尼的论点，没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“听力和学习”，文章提到，人们听力和学习，可排除B选项。C选项“理解”，文章提到，他们能理解，可排除C选项。D选项“有所作为”，文章提到，如果他们能理解，就会有所作为，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。58.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。根据倒数第二段第二句He can feel happy that his work, like, what he left behind, is still going on as if he was here today（他会感到高兴，他的工作，他留下的东西，还在继续，就像他今天还在这里一样）。C选项“很高兴，他的工作还在继续”，符合文章的内容，C选项正确。A选项“害怕别人的想法”，文章没有提到，他会害怕别人的想法，可排除。B选项“不知道在当今世界什么是对的”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“希望学生学习更加努力”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此C选项正确。11. 单选题Familiarity with Western weapons, the assistance of European officers, reliance upon steamships, all gave his army great superiority（ ）the other armies of the period, including those of the government.问题1选项A.toB.betterC.overD.of【答案】C【解析】固定搭配辨析。superiority over sth.“比优越；比优越”。句意：熟悉西方武器，欧洲官员的帮助以及蒸汽船的使用使得他的军队当时的包括政府军队在内的其他军队。本句表达“他的军队比其他军队优越”。因此C选项正确。12. 问答题Directions: After you have read the following passage, write out a summary in English whit about 70 to 90 words. Put your summary on the ANSWER SHEET.What is Society?Society is a group of human beings, held together by agreement for reasons that are mutually beneficial to the individual members. Societies operate as a whole, as a collective body, chiefly in ways that look out for the highest common good of all. Members have specific roles and responsibilities within the society. One of the best direct analogies is with the human body itself. The cells are all alive, independently, yet they group together and establish roles, responsibilities, and relationships that allow a greater whole to exist that is more than just the sum of the parts. The cells gain from the specific roles they play because they are allowed to be what they are more effectively. Further, they are given a limited awareness of the whole that their efforts aid in creating.Similarly, when individual human beings group together to form societies, an organization is created in which the members are the cells. Subgroups of the members may form organs through which higher level functions can then manifest. If the relationships are loose, the body created has limited functionality over that of any individual member because there is little synergy. When the relationships are close and founded on a basis of love, the body thus created has significant functionality over that of the individuals. When the group is small, few organs can be created so there is limited complexity or functionality. When the group is large, many organs can be created, resulting in highly increased complexity and functionality. Countries, regions, states cities, and neighborhoods could all be considered to be societies as could teams, groups, and any other organizations of people. For our purposes here, the most important society is The United States of America since it is the one established to set up the New Order for the Ages, novus ordo seclorum.Society is more than the government, however. It also includes all the economic and social infrastructure necessary to provide people with what they need.【答案】参考范文：Society is a group of human beings, held together by agreement for reasons that are mutually beneficial to the individual members. Societies operate as a whole, chiefly in ways that look out for the highest common good of all. Members have specific roles and responsibilities within the society. Society is more than the government, however. It also includes the entire economic and social infrastructure necessary to provide people with what they need.13. 单选题He was（ ）between the desire to crush Nanking at the earliest possible moment by throwing his full force against that city and his realization of the need to provide strong forces for the relief of Shanghai.问题1选项A.irritatedB.besetC.tornD.tortured【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项irritated“生气的”；B选项beset“困扰的”，表示某人因某事而困扰，符合题意；C选项torn“撕裂的”；D选项tortured“折磨的”。结合文章内容可知，他正在被两件事情所困扰，B选项符合题意。句意：他既希望尽其所能尽快摧毁南京，又意识到需要提供强大的力量来解救上海，他在两者之间。因此B选项正确。14. 单选题Other non-dominant males were hyperactive; they were much more active than is normal, chasing others and fighting each other.问题1选项A.hardly activeB.relatively activeC.extremely inactiveD.pathologically active【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。hyperactive在句中是“过分活跃”，A选项hardly active “几乎不活跃”；B选项relatively active“相对活跃”extremely inactive“极度不活跃”；D选项pathologically active“病态性活跃”。只有D项最符合。句意：其他不占优势的男性则是过度活跃；他们比正常人活跃得多，追逐他人，互相争斗。根据各选项词义，选D。15. 单选题With orders and counter-orders, and with pressure mounting on all sides, the question of where he was to go again（ ）.问题1选项A.has come to the foreB.came to the foreC.had come to the foreD.came to the spotlight【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。come to the fore“出现”。题中的句子只是一个普通的过去陈述句，所以选B。D选项“出现在聚光灯下”，不符合文章内容，可排除。句意：由于汇票、还盘以及各方面的压力的攀升，他要去哪里的问题又出来了。因此B选项正确。16. 单选题An examination of the stages of his rise, the methods he employed to strengthen himself, and the institutional reforms he effected in order to maintain his power helps us（ ）the factors and dynamics of power within a bureaucratically dominated society.问题1选项A.think ofB.account forC.considerD.weigh【答案】B【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项think of“想起”；B选项account for“解释，说明”；C选项consider“考虑”；D选项weigh“权衡”。根据前文通过利用某种方法，以及后文官僚统治的社会中权力的因素和动态，可以推测方法解释了这种因素，B选项正确。句意：通过对他成名阶段的调查，发现他用来加强自身实力的方法和为了维护其权利的体制改革帮助我们了官僚主义占主导的社会中的权利因素和权利力量。因此B选项正确。17. 单选题He（ ）the theory, the philosophy and the pattern that became the model for Lis own military forces later.问题1选项A.furnishedB.decoratedC.polishedD.meditated【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项furnish“提供”；B选项decorate“修饰”；C选项polish“使完美，完善”；D选项meditate“冥想”。根据题干可知，可推测这里应当填入一个表示完成的动词，C选项符合题干内容。句意：他的理论，哲学和模式，成为后来李自己的军队的模型。因此C选项正确。18. 不定项选择题Severe drought in the 1970s and 80s, coupled with a population explosion and destructive farming and livestock practices, was denuding vast swaths of land. The desert seemed determined to swallow everything. So Mr. Danjimo and other farmers in Guidan Bakoye，the Sahel, a semiarid belt that spans Africa just below the Sahara took a small but radical step. No longer would they clear the saplings from their fields before planting, as they had for generations. Instead they would protect and nurture them, carefully plowing around them whe