2022年考博英语-江苏大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第12期

2022年考博英语-江苏大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 翻译题Ive come to appreciate that life has its own timetable. It takes nine months to make a baby, 2l years to make an adult. It takes a long time to become a good violinist or downhill skier. It also takes time to become a successand even more time to become a success as a person.Perhaps the last thing for controlling impatience is to examine your own contribution to it. Are you unwilling to grant children time to learn, or slow people time to accomplish a task? If impatience is only occasional, your annoyance will pass. But if youre almost always irritable and abrupt, you may well feel that youre just too important to ever be kept waiting for anyone or anything.Youre not, of course; none of us are. If we can accept that the world is ours to enjoy but not made for our convenience, well be better able to move through it equably, more patient with the ordinary vicissitudes of life and a good companion to our fellow human beingsand to ourselves.【答案】我已经开始欣赏生活有它自己的时间表。9个月就能生个孩子，21年就能长大成人。要成为一名优秀的小提琴家或滑降选手需要很长时间。成功也需要时间，甚至要花费更多的时间来成为一个成功的人。也许控制不耐烦的最后一件事是检查你自己对它的贡献。你是不愿意给孩子学习的时间，还是不愿意给慢吞吞的人完成任务的时间？如果只是偶尔不耐烦，那么你的烦恼就会过去。但如果你几乎总是易怒和唐突，那么你很可能会觉得自己太重要，以至于不应该等待任何人或任何事。当然，你不是最重要的，我们都不是最重要的。如果我们能接受这个世界是我们享受的，而不是为我们的便利而创造的，我们就能更好地平静度过，对普通的生活变迁更有耐心，并成为我们人类同胞和我们自己的好伴侣。2. 单选题In 1911, the forces of Sun Yat-sen established the Chinese Republic, and Pu Yi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was forced to _.问题1选项A.accreditB.abdicateC.tossD.accede【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. accredit认为；委任 B. abdicate退位；失（职）C. toss（轻轻或漫不经心地）扔，抛 D. accede同意（请求、建议等）；就任【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据空格前的was forced to可知，be forced to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“被迫做某事”，空格处应该填入一个动词，由关键信息the forces of Sun Yat-sen established the Chinese Republic（孙中山的军队建立了中华民国）和the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty（清朝末代皇帝），结合历史常识可知，空格处表示“退位”符合句意，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】1911年，孙中山的军队建立了中华民国，清朝末代皇帝溥仪被迫退位。3. 单选题At the wedding ceremony, the bridegroom and his bride exchanged rings as a_ of their love.问题1选项A.presentB.tokenC.markD.sign【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. present礼物；礼品 B. token象征；标志C. mark污点；污渍 D. sign迹象；征兆【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据the bridegroom and his bride exchanged rings（新郎和新娘交换了戒指）可推知，交换戒指是爱情的象征，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】在婚礼上，新郎和新娘交换了戒指作为他们爱情的象征。4. 不定项选择题Flight simulator (飞行模拟器) refers to any electronic or mechanical system for training airplane and spacecraft pilots and crew member by simulating fight conditions. The purpose of simulation is not to completely substitute (1) actual fight training but to thoroughly familiarize students with the vehicle (2) before they (3) extensive and possibly dangerous actual flight training. Simulations also is useful for review and for familiarizing pilots with new (4) to existing craft.Two early flight simulators appeared in England within a decade after the first fight of Orville and Wilbur Wright. They were designed to enable pilots to stimulate simple aircraft (5) in three dimensions: nose up or down; left wing high and right low, or vice versa; and (6) to left or right. It took until 1929, however, for a truly effective simulator, the Link Trainer, to appear, devised by Edwin A. Link, a self-educated aviator and inventor from Binghamton, New York. (7), airplane instrumentation had been developed sufficiently to permit “blind” flying on instruments alone, but training pilots to do so involved (8) risk. Link built a model of an airplane cockpit equipped (9) instrument panel and controls that could realistically stimulate all the movements of an airplane. Pilots could use the device for instrument training, manipulating the controls (10) instrument readings so as to maintain straight and level flight or (11) climb or descent with no visual reference (12) any horizon except for the artificial one on the instrument panel. The trainer was modified (13) aircraft technology advanced. Commercial airlines began to use the Link Trainer for pilot training, and the US government began purchasing them in 1934, (14) thousands more as World War II (15).问题1选项A.forB.toC.withD.on问题2选项A.concerningB.concernC.being concernedD.concerned问题3选项A.undertakeB.undergoC.underplayD.underuse问题4选项A.modelsB.modificationsC.modifiersD.modicum问题5选项A.manifestationsB.manipulationsC.manifestoesD.maneuvers问题6选项A.yawlingB.yawningC.yawingD.yawping问题7选项A.From then onB.From now onC.By nowD.By then问题8选项A.considerableB.considerateC.consideringD.considered问题9选项A.forB.inC.withD.on问题10选项A.On the part ofB.On the basis ofC.On the track ofD.On the verge of问题11选项A.controlB.controllableC.controlledD.controller问题12选项A.toB.forC.onD.in问题13选项A.as forB.as toC.asD.for问题14选项A.acquiringB.requiringC.sustainingD.retaining问题15选项A.realizedB.realizingC.approachingD.approached【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:D第8题:A第9题:C第10题:B第11题:A第12题:A第13题:C第14题:A第15题:D【解析】1.【选项释义】A. for对于；因为 B. to给C. with和 D. on在之上【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】substitute作动词时，和for或者with搭配，substitute for sb./sth.表示“代替某人/某物”，substitute B with/by A表示“用A代替B”，空格处后面直接跟了actual fight training（实战训练），故填入for符合搭配，该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、D项不符合固定搭配；C项不符合句意。【句意】模拟的目的并不是要完全取代实战训练。2.【选项释义】A. concerning关于；涉及 B. concern担心；关心C. being concerned被关注 D. concerned相关的【考查点】非谓语动词。【解题思路】分析句子可知，空格处跟在名词vehicle的后面，是作vehicle的定语，concern是动词，不能直接跟在vehicle的后面，而vehicle和concern是被动关系，表示被涉及的，所以用concern的过去分词形式，故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A项表示主动关系；B、C项是动词，不符合句子语法结构。【句意】模拟的目的不是要完全取代实战训练，而是要让学生彻底熟悉有关的工具。3.【选项释义】A. undertake承担；从事 B. undergo经历，经受C. underplay低调处理；降低的重要性 D. underuse未充分利用【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】根据宾语actual flight training（实际飞行训练）可知，空格处表示“经历”符合动宾搭配，其他三个选项都不符合句意，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合动宾搭配。【句意】模拟的目的不是要完全替代实际的战斗训练，而是要在学生进行广泛的和可能危险的实际飞行训练之前彻底熟悉相关的工具。4.【选项释义】A. models模型 B. modifications修改；改进C. modifiers修饰语 D. modicum少量，一点点【考查点】语义逻辑。【解题思路】根据existing和new可推知，new (34)是指在现有的飞机上进行的改进或修改，故该题选择B项符合句子逻辑。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句子语义逻辑。【句意】模拟也有助于检查和使飞行员熟悉对现有飞机的新改进。5.【选项释义】A. manifestations显示；表明 B. manipulations操纵；控制C. manifestoes宣言 D. maneuvers机动动作；作战演习【考查点】句间逻辑。【解题思路】根据句子可知，冒号后的内容是对空格处进行的解释，根据冒号后的关键信息“机头向上或向下；机翼左高右低或相反”可知，这是对飞机进行动作操作，maneuver指操纵某物的动作，一般是用于作战目的，符合句子语境，故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、C项不符合句意；B项多指需要熟练运用到手的操作，不符合语境。【句意】它们的设计是为了让飞行员在三维空间中模拟简单的飞机动作：机头向上或向下；机翼左高右低或相反。6.【选项释义】A. yawling双桅轻便帆船 B. yawning打哈欠C. yawing偏航 D. yawping叫喊；哭喊【考查点】联系上下文。【解题思路】由to left or right（向左或向右），结合前文提到“在三维空间中模拟简单的飞机动作”可知，空格处表示“偏航”，故该题选择C项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项都不符合句子语义逻辑。【句意】向左或向右偏航。7.【选项释义】A. From then on从那时起 B. From now on从现在开始C. By now到目前为止 D. By then到那时候【考查点】联系上下文。【解题思路】根据句子中的had been developed可知，“飞机上的仪器发展到足以允许盲人仅靠仪器飞行”这件事情是已经发生在过去，而上文说“直到1929年，一个真正有效的模拟器才被设计出来”，说明这个模拟器设计的时间没有足以允许盲人飞行的仪器的发展时间长，也就是说到真正有效的模拟器设计出来的时候，飞机上的仪器已经发展到可以让盲人飞行的地步了，故该题选择D项符合上下文语义。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合上下文语义。【句意】到那时，飞机上的仪器已经发展到足以允许“盲人”仅靠仪器飞行。8.【选项释义】A. considerable相当多（或大、重要等）的 B. considerate体谅的；体贴的C. considering考虑到；鉴于 D. considered经过深思熟虑的【考查点】联系上下文。【解题思路】由but可知，句子前后语义表示转折，前文说“飞机上的仪器发展到足以允许盲人仅靠仪器飞行”，后文又提到“但是这样做的话会”，综合理解可推知involved (38) risk指的是“涉及到相当大的风险”，该题选择A项符合语义。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句子前后语义衔接。【句意】到那时，飞机的仪器已经发展到足以允许“盲人”仅靠仪器飞行，但训练飞行员这样做有相当大的风险。9.【选项释义】A. for对于；因为 B. in在里面C. with和 D. on在上面【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】equip作动词，常与with搭配，equip with表示“配备，装备”，故该题选择C项符合搭配。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不和equip搭配使用。【句意】林克训练器建立了一个飞机驾驶舱的模型，配备了仪表板和控制装置，可以真实地模拟飞机的所有动作。10.【选项释义】A. on the part of就而言 B. on the basis of根据；基于C. on the track of追踪 D. on the verge of濒临于；接近于【考查点】语义逻辑。【解题思路】根据manipulating the controls（操纵控制）和instrument readings（仪表读数）可知，操纵控制是基于仪表盘读数，所以空格处表示“基于”符合句意，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句子语义逻辑。【句意】飞行员可以使用该设备进行仪表训练，根据仪表读数操纵控制，以保持直线和水平飞行。11.【选项释义】A. control指挥；控制 B. controllable可控制的C. controlled受控制的 D. controller控制器【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】分析句子可知，空格处前有or，表示空格处所填单词和maintain是并列动词，to是不定式，故空格处填入control的动词原形，该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项都不符合句子语法结构。【句意】飞行员可以使用该设备进行仪表训练，根据仪表读数操纵操纵装置，保持直线水平飞行或控制爬升或下降。12.【选项释义】A. to对；给 B. for因为；对于C. on在上面 D. in在里面【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】根据空格前的reference可知，reference to sth.表示“参考某物”，故该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项均不和reference搭配。【句意】飞行员可以使用该设备进行仪表训练，根据仪表读数操纵操纵装置，保持直线水平飞行或控制爬升或下降，除仪表面板上的人工水平线外，无需任何地平线的视觉参考。13.【选项释义】A. as for关于；至于 B. as to至于；就而论C. as随着；当时 D. for因为；对于【考查点】联系上下文。【解题思路】上文提到飞行员可以用林克训练器进行多种操纵和控制，而飞机的仪器已经发展到足以允许“盲人”仅靠仪器飞行，所以推断训练器随着飞机技术的进步而改进，空格处表示“随着”，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句子语义逻辑。【句意】训练器随着飞机技术的进步而改进。14.【选项释义】A. acquiring获得，得到 B. requiring要求C. sustaining维持；支撑 D. retaining保持；保留【考查点】联系上下文。【解题思路】空格后的thousands more是指“数千架训练器”，前文提到“美国政府在1934年就开始购买训练器”，后面又提到“随着二战又数千架训练器”可知，美国又购买了数千架，acquire表示“获得，得到”，放在句中符合上下文语义，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合上下文语义。【句意】随着二战又购买了数千架训练器。15.【选项释义】A. realized实现 B. realizing实现C. approaching接近 D. approached接近【考查点】语义逻辑。【解题思路】由as可知，as在句中作时间状语，表示是一件事情正在发生，另一件事也正在进行当中，但as从句中的动词一般用过去式，且按照句意“随着二战又购买了数千架训练器”可知，空格处表示“战争的临近”符合句意，故选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B项不符合句意；C项不符合as时间状语从句的用法。【句意】随着第二次世界大战的临近，又购买了数千架训练器。5. 单选题He knew that he had one more duty to perform before he allowed himself to succumb to his _ for rest.问题1选项A.orientationB.disgustC.cravingD.objection【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. orientation方向；目标 B. disgust厌恶；憎恶C. craving强烈的愿望；渴望 D. objection反对的理由；反对【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】按照句意“他知道在他屈服于对休息的_之前，他还有一个任务要完成”可推知，_ for rest应该是指对休息的强烈渴望，故该题选择C项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。【句意】他知道在他屈服于对休息的渴望之前，他还有一个任务要完成。6. 单选题And while the collapse of Russias financial system is devastating to Russians, Omsk isnt Omaha.问题1选项A.destroyingB.betrayingC.wolfishD.unrelenting【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. destroying摧毁的；毁灭的 B. betraying出卖的；背叛的C. wolfish似狼的 D. unrelenting不缓和的；势头不减的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】devastating本意是“毁灭性的；令人震惊的”，由the collapse of Russias financial system（俄罗斯金融体系的崩溃）可知，devastating在句中表示“毁灭性的”，A项词义与之相近，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合划线单词词义。【句意】尽管俄罗斯金融体系的崩溃对俄罗斯人来说是毁灭性的，但鄂木斯克并非奥马哈。7. 单选题America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it _ before the West was settled.问题1选项A.couldB.didC.wouldD.was【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. could能够 B. did助动词do的过去式C. would将要 D. was是【考查点】省略。【解题思路】根据asas可知，此处是比较级，比较的成分应该是相同的，所以第二个as后面的成分应该是as it had the spirit of adventure，但前面已经出现the spirit of adventure，所以后面用助动词did替代，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合语法结构。【句意】作为一个国家，美国将不再具有开拓西部之前的那种冒险精神。8. 单选题Chinas resuming exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and Macao is _ of Chinese prosperity.问题1选项A.indulgentB.indifferentC.indignantD.indicative【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. indulgent纵容的；放纵的 B. indifferent漠不关心；不感兴趣的C. indignant愤慨的；愤怒的 D. indicative陈述的；指示的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息Chinas resuming exercise of sovereignty（中国恢复行使主权）和Chinese prosperity（中国繁荣）可推知，对香港和澳门的行使主权的恢复是繁荣的标志，而be indicative of表示“暗示，表示”，故该题选择D项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】中国恢复对香港和澳门行使主权，标志着中国的繁荣。9. 单选题Certainly every school _ high priority to the quality of teaching.问题1选项A.ascribesB.refersC.reconcilesD.accords【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. ascribes把归因于；认为是 B. refers提到，谈到C. reconciles调和；和解 D. accords（与）一致，符合【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据high priority（高优先级）和the quality of teaching（教学质量）可知，此句应该表示学校教学质量是高优先级，结合to可知，ascribe to表示“认为是；归因于”符合句意，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】当然，每个学校都对教学质量高度重视。10. 单选题In business to-business markets, sales of some software products languish because not enough independent software vendors write applications.问题1选项A.advertiseB.lastC.declineD.dominate【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. advertise（为）做广告；登广告 B. last持续C. decline减少；下降 D. dominate支配；控制【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息because not enough independent software vendors write applications（由于没有足够多的独立软件供应商编写应用程序）可推知，sales of some software products languish指的是软件产品的销量下降，languish在句中表示“下降”，C项词义与之相近，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合划线单词词义。【句意】在企业对企业的市场中，由于没有足够多的独立软件供应商编写应用程序，一些软件产品的销售受到影响。11. 单选题Doctors are often enmeshed in a dilemma because they have to decide whether they should tell their patients the truth or not.问题1选项A.caught inB.caught upC.stuck onD.adhered to【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. caught in被困住，绊住 B. caught up赶上C. stuck on保持在之上；贴上 D. adhered to坚持；黏附【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词dilemma可知，enmeshed in是指“陷入”的意思，A项词义与之相近，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项词义不符合句中所选词汇。【句意】医生常常陷入进退两难的境地，因为他们必须决定是否应该告诉他们的病人真相。12. 不定项选择题Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental supporta financial aid, material resources, and needed servicesthat reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.1. Interpersonal relationships are important because _.2. Research shows that peoples physical and mental health _.3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “cushions” (Para. 3)?4. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of _.5. Social companionship is beneficial in that _.问题1选项A.they are indispensable to peoples social well-beingB.they waken peoples desire to exchange resourcesC.they help people to cope with life in the information eraD.they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc.问题2选项A.relies on the social welfare systems which support themB.has much to do with the amount of support they get from othersC.depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troublesD.is closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives问题3选项A.Adds up to.B.Does away with.C.Lessens the effect of.D.Lays the foundation for.问题4选项A.instrumental supportB.informational supportC.social companionshipD.the strengthening of self-respect问题5选项A.it helps strengthen our ties with relativesB.it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakesC.it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyableD.it draws our attention away from our worries and troubles【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.【选项释义】1. Interpersonal relationships are important because _. 1.人际关系很重要，因为_。A. they are indispensable to peoples social well-being A. 它们对人们的社会福祉不可或缺B. they waken peoples desire to exchange resources B. 它们唤醒了人们交换资源的欲望C. they help people to cope with life in the information era C. 他们帮助人们应对信息时代的生活D. they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc. D. 他们能治疗一系列的疾病，如心脏病等。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“由于我们是社会人，我们的生活质量在很大程度上取决于我们的人际关系”可知，人际关系对我们的生活质量很重要，A项“它们对人们的社会福祉不可或缺”与之相近，故该题选择A项符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“它们唤醒了人们交换资源的欲望”，原文只提到资源交换是社会支持的一部分，文中没有提到人际关系促进交换资源，该项属于曲解原文；C项“他们帮助人们应对信息时代的生活”没有提到，该项属于无中生有；D项“他们能治疗一系列的疾病，如心脏病等”，根据第二段最后一句“社会支持的存在有助于人们抵御疾病”可知，人际关系只是帮助预防疾病，不能治愈疾病，该项属于曲解原文。2.【选项释义】2. Research shows that peoples physical and mental health _. 2. 研究表明人们的身心健康_。A. relies on the social welfare systems which support them A. 依靠支持他们的社会福利体系B. has much to do with the amount of support they get from others B. 和他们从别人那里得到的支持有很大关系C. depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles C. 取决于他们处理日常担忧和烦恼的能力D. is closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives D. 与他们应对生活中重大变化的能力密切相关【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据关键词research定位至第二段最后一句“对从抑郁症到心脏病等一系列疾病的研究表明，社会支持的存在有助于人们抵御疾病，而缺乏这种支持则更有可能导致健康状况不佳”理解可知，人们的身心健康和社会支持有很大的关系，B项“和他们从别人那里得到的支持有很大关系”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“依靠支持他们的社会福利体系”没有提到，该项属于无中生有；C项“取决于他们处理日常担忧和烦恼的能力”，第二段第一句提到有社会支持的人似乎更能应付日常的烦恼，和人们的身心健康无关，该项属于出处错位；D项“与他们应对生活中重大变化的能力密切相关”，根据第二段第一句“我们这些有强大支持系统的人似乎（appear）更能应付重大的生活变化和日常的烦恼”可知，应对生活中重大变化的能力并不是研究得出的结论，该项属于出处错位。3.【选项释义】3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “cushions” (Para. 3)? 3. 下列哪项在意思上最接近第三段的词“cushions”？A. Adds up to. A. 总计为B. Does away with. B. 消除C. Lessens the effect of. C. 减少的效果D. Lays the foundation for. D. 奠定基础【考查点】词义推测题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第三段第一句“社会支持可以从很多方面cushion压力”，结合下文提到社会支持能加强自尊、提供信息支持、满足社会需求与分散我们的忧虑和烦恼、以及提供物质支持，综合理解可以推断，社会支持可以缓解压力，cushion表示的是“缓解”，C项“减少的效果”与之相近，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项“总计为”、B项“消除”、D项“奠定基础”词义都不符合，这三项属于曲解原文。4.【选项释义】4. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of _. 4. 帮助生病的邻居做一些维修工作是_的一个例子。A. instrumental support A. 物质支持B. informational support B. 信息支持C. social companionship C. 社会交往D. the strengthening of self-respect D. 自尊加强【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句“最后，其他人可能给我们提供物质支持经济援助、物质资源和所需服务通过帮助我们解决和处理问题来减轻我们的压力”可知，经济援助、物质资源和提供所需服务都是物质支持，帮助生病的邻居做一些维修工作是提供所需服务，属于物质支持，故该题选择A项“物质支持”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“信息支持”、C项“社会交往”和D项“自尊加强”都属于出处错位。5.【选项释义】5. Social companionship is beneficial in that _. 5. 社会交往是有益的，因为_。A. it helps strengthen our ties with relatives A. 它有助于加强我们与亲戚之间的联系B. it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakes B. 它使我们能够消除我们的缺点和错误C. it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyable C. 它使我们的休闲活动更加愉快D. it draws our attention away from our worries and troubles D. 它把我们的注意力从忧虑和烦恼中转移开【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至最后一段倒数第二句和第三句“第三，我们通常会发现社会交往是有帮助的。与他人一起参加休闲活动能帮助我们满足社会需求，同时也能分散我们的忧虑和烦恼。”理解可知，社会交往能分散我们的忧虑和烦恼，该题选择D项“它把我们的注意力从忧虑和烦恼中转移开”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“它有助于加强我们与亲戚之间的联系”是社会支持其中一方面的好处，与题干无关，该项属于出处错位；B项“它使我们能够消除我们的缺点和错误”和C项“它使我们的休闲活动更加愉快”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有。13. 单选题David is trying to get that promotion by hook or by crook; he even spread rumors defaming other candidates.问题1选项A.scaringB.smearingC.squashingD.startling【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. scaring使害怕；使恐惧 B. smearing诽谤；弄脏C. squashing挤压 D. startling使惊吓；使吓一跳【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息spread rumors（散发谣言）可推知，defaming是指“诽谤”的意思，B项词义与之相近，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项词义不符合句中所选词汇。【句意】大卫为了得到提升不择手段；他甚至散布诽谤其他候选人的谣言。14. 不定项选择题Given the lack of between gifted students and their schools, it is not surprising that such students often have little good to say about their school experience. In one study of 400 adults who had achieved distinction in all areas of life, researchers found that three-fifths of these individuals either did badly in school or were unhappy in school. Few, MacArthur Prize fellows, winners of the MacArhur Award for creative accomplishment, had good things to say about their pre-collegiate schooling if they had not been placed in advanced programs. Anecdotal reports support this. Pablo Picasso, Charles Darwin, Mark Twai