2022年考博英语-扬州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷42

2022年考博英语-扬州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Investors are being encouraged to continue ploughing their savings into the stock market after shares in London recovered all the losses incurred since September 11. The advice comes despite Americas Dow Jones industrial average tumbling on Friday after a case of anthrax was diagnosed in New York. Consumer spending in America also slumped by more than three times economists predictions in September, pushing share prices back below pre-attack levels.The FTSE 100 index of Britains largest companies closed on Friday at 5,145 up 112 points on its September 10 close. The Dow in New York rallied late on to close at 9,344, down 66 points. Although most experts are predicting further volatility in the coming months, they remain cautiously optimistic that the FTSE 100 will begin a sustained, if rocky, rally towards 5,500 by the end of the year. The immediate economic outlook is still bleak. Some commentators predict that America will endure a recession lasting six months. They also expect Britain to suffer a sharp slowdown. But analysts say the market is well placed to absorb any further bad news.Sharp economic downturns can, perversely, be good for the market because they force firms to be more cost-efficient. Therefore, any announcements about rising unemployment or corporate streamlining could have a positive effect on shares. Of more concern to private investors is the impact that another terrorist attack would have on shares. If this were to happen, the market would almost certainly slump again. But history suggests that it would, once again, make up any lost ground within weeks.Experts are therefore urging private investors not to repeat their past mistakes, when they waited for a sustained rally before feeling confident enough to invest. Cross said, “Its peculiar that investors feel its safer to invest after the market has risen by 25% than when it has fallen by 25%. Common sense suggests that the opposite would be more appropriate.” Mike Lenhoff of Gerrard, the stockbroker, said that if the market hit 5 500 and remained around that level for some weeks, it would be a sign that further, sustained gains were imminent. He said, “Getting back to 5 500 would be important, because if the index stayed at that level, the psychology of the market would change substantially. Defensive shares would become too expensive and big investors would start moving into value stocks, which are the type of firms that do well in an economic recovery.”But private investors could be forgiven for their pessimistic mood, as nearly all Isa buyers have suffered big losses. But investors can take some comfort from the fact that the next three months are traditionally the best-performing period of the year for the stock market. David Schwartz, the stock-market historian, said the index almost always rose in the period between November and April. Since 1974, the market went up on 24 occasions between November and April, by an average of 15%, and dropped only three times. Schwartz said, “Its no guarantee for this year, but history is on our side.”1.We learn from the first paragraph that（ ）.2.The reason why some experts remain cautiously optimistic about the FTSE is that they believe that（ ）.3.In the present situation, corporate downsizing may（ ）.4.Experts advise private investors to avoid their past mistakes by（ ）.5.From the last sentence of the passage, we may infer that Schwartz believes that（ ）.问题1选项A.FTSE 100 index fell immediately after September 11B.Dow Jones industrial index is now beginning to pick upC.Consumer spending is having a positive effect on the stock marketD.Share prices in America have risen contrary to most predictions问题2选项A.the American economy will be able to resist further downturnB.the Dow Jones index in New York will stop tumbling soonC.the market will absorb any further shock from bad newsD.the economic situation in Britain and America will take an upturn in 6 months问题3选项A.sharp economic downturnB.produce a positive effect on sharesC.cause the market to slump againD.enable the market to regain any lost ground问题4选项A.withholding any investment until the market has risen by 25%B.investing when the FTSE rallies back to 5 500C.investing only in those firms which show signs of recoveryD.investing when the stock market shows signs of upturn问题5选项A.the market will be most likely to go up between November and AprilB.the market will drop by an average of 15% between November and AprilC.the market will not likely go up in the next three monthsD.it is quite rational to take a pessimistic altitude towards the stock market【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段的内容，在伦敦股市收复了9.11以来的全部损失后，投资者被鼓励继续将他们的储蓄投入股市。尽管美国道琼斯工业平均指数在纽约被诊断出炭疽病例后在周五暴跌，该建议还是出现了。九月份，美国的消费支出也下跌了超过经济学家预测的三倍，将股价推回到袭击前的水平之下。由此可知，“911”事件后，英国富时100指数立即下跌，选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段最后两句“Some commentators predict that America will endure a recession lasting six months. They also expect Britain to suffer a sharp slowdown. But analysts say the market is well placed to absorb any further bad news. 一些评论家预测，美国将经历长达6个月的经济衰退。他们还预计英国经济将急剧放缓。但分析师表示，市场已经做好准备，可以消化任何进一步的坏消息。”A选项“美国经济将能够抵御进一步的衰退”和B选项“纽约的道琼斯指数将很快停止下跌”在文中没有提及，选项D“英国和美国的经济形势将在6个月内好转”不符合原文。选项C“市场将消化任何进一步的坏消息”符合原文3.细节事实题。根据第三段第二句“any announcements about rising unemployment or corporate streamlining could have a positive effect on shares. 任何有关失业率上升或公司裁员的消息，都可能对股价产生积极影响。”所以选项B正确。4.判断推理题。题干意思是“专家建议私人投资者避免过去的错误，在”。根据倒数第二段第一句Experts are therefore urging private invertors not to repeat their past mistakes, when they waited for a sustained rally before feeling confident enough to invest.（因此，专家们敦促私人投资者不要重蹈覆辙，不要等到股市持续上涨时才有足够的信心进行投资）和第四段if the market hit 5500 and remained around that level for some weeks, it would be a sign that further, sustained gains were imminent.（如果股市达到5500点，并在这一水平附近保持数周，这将表明，进一步持续的上涨即将到来）可推断，私人投资者可以在股市好转的时候进行投资，故D项“当股票市场显示好转迹象时进行投资”正确；B项“当富时指数回升至5500点时投资”与原文不符；由Its peculiar that investors feel its safer to invest after the market has risen by 25% than when it has fallen by 25%. Common sense suggests that the opposite would be more appropriate.（奇怪的是，投资者觉得在股市上涨25%后投资比下跌25%时更安全；常识告诉我们，相反的措辞会更合适）可知，市场下跌25%比股市上涨25%后投资更安全，A项“在市场上涨25%之前不做任何投资”错误；C项“只投资那些有复苏迹象的公司”原文没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Schwartz said, Its no guarantee for this year, but history is on our side. Schwartz说，今年不敢保证，但历史总是站在我们这一边。”上文提到，股票市场历史学家Schwartz 表示，股票指数在11月4月期间几乎总是上涨的。所以选项A符合原文。2. 单选题Love is the most melodious of all harmonies and the sentiment of love is innate. Woman is a delightful instrument of pleasure, but it is necessary to know its trembling strings, to study the position of them, the timid keyboard, the fingering so changeful and（ ）which befits it.问题1选项A.viciousB.unrulyC.maliciousD.capricious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vicious“恶毒的”；B选项unruly“任性的”；C选项malicious“蓄意的”；D选项capricious“反复无常的”。句意：爱是所有和声中最悦耳的，爱的情感是与生俱来的。女人是令人愉悦的乐器，但你必须知道它颤动的琴弦，研究它们的位置，了解羞怯的键盘，以及适合它的喜怒无常的指法。填空处所填的词应该和changeful意思相近，所以选项D正确。3. 写作题Directions: Write a composition on the topic The Social Function of Health. You should write at least 250 words and you should base your composition on the outline below:1.健康在个人行使社会功能中的作用。2.健康对于整个社会的作用。3.健康不仅是医学问题，更是社会问题。【答案】略4. 单选题（ ）before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.问题1选项A.Had they arrivedB.Were they arrivingC.Would they arriveD.Were they to arrive【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。主句谓语是“should+动词原形”，表示与现在事实相反或与将来事实可能相反。从句部分是倒装结构，省略了if，由于句子中的时间状语是the day after tomorrow，所以从句动词应该用与将来事实可能相反的虚拟语气。应为should(were to)+动词原形。句意：如果他们在我们后天出发之前到达的话，我们可以有一顿丰盛的晚宴。故D项正确。5. 单选题Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why theyre always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. Its iniquitous, they say, that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why dont they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, its the consumer who pays.The poor old consumer! Hed have to pay a great deal more if advertising didnt create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities,We must not forget, cither, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!Another thing we mustnt forget is the small ads. which arc in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the hatch, match and dispatch column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or agony column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. Its the best advertisement for advertising there is!1.What is main idea of this passage?2.The attitude of the author toward advertisers is（ ）.3.Why do the critics criticize advertisers?4.Which of the following is Not True?5.The passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.Advertisement.B.The benefits of advertisement.C.Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.D.The costs of advertisement.问题2选项A.appreciative.B.trustworthy.C.critical.D.dissatisfactory.问题3选项A.Because advertisers often brag.B.Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”.C.Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.D.Because customers pay more.问题4选项A.Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.B.We can buy what we want.C.Good quality products dont need to be advertised.D.Advertisement makes our life colorful.问题5选项A.Narration.B.Description.C.Criticism.D.Argumentation.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，作者在第一段引出广告这个话题，接着在接下来的段落从不同的角度讲述了广告给人们带来的便利，表面上看似乎是在讲广告的优点，但实际上是在讲述广告服务于社会的功能，而且第一段实际上也有提到广告的缺点，不全是在讲述广告的优点，所以选项C更为恰当。2.观点态度题。A选项appreciative“赞赏的”；B选项trustworthy“信任的”；C选项critical“批评的”；D选项dissatisfactory“不满意的”。根据原文可知，作者所提到的大多是广告积极的一面，说明作者对其的态度是赞赏的，所以选项A正确。选项B“信任的”有点言过其实，毕竟作者在第一段也提及了广告的缺点，所以谈不上信任依赖，选B不正确。3.细节事实题。根据第一段的一、二句“Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why theyre always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. 广告商往往好高骛远，也许这就是他们总是招致批评的原因。批评者似乎对他们（广告商）很气愤，因为他们擅于自我推销，而且有很多钱可以用来挥霍。”由此可知，批评者批评广告商是因为广告商喜欢吹嘘，所以选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第四段的第一句“advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. 广告为我们的口袋做出了积极的贡献。”可知，选项A正确；第二段提及“广告可以提供信息，我们对家庭用品的了解很大程度上来自我们读到的广告”，也就是说我们可以买到自己想买的东西，所以选项B正确；选项C“高品质的产品不需要广告”在文中没有提及；选项D“广告使我们的生活多姿多彩”，在原文第三段的时候提及，符合原文。所以本题选C。5.判断推理题。A选项Narration“叙事”；B选项Description“描写”；C选项Criticism“批判”；D选项Argumentation“议论”。文章首段就是对广告的批评，后面再通过对比的手法说明广告的功能，所以选项C正确。6. 单选题Many tourists were（ ）by the citys complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。degrade“使降低，使堕落，” ；bewilder“迷惑；把弄糊涂，”；evoke意为“唤起，引起，”；divert意为“转移，分散。”句意：这个城市复杂的交通把许多游客搞得晕头转向。B项符合题意。7. 单选题Popular in the UK are the older ruins at the castles edge, known as “the abbey”: Two small cells,（ ）with ivy, crumbling and open to the sky.问题1选项A.strewnB.loadedC.permeatedD.crammed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项strewn“撒满的，散播的”；B选项loaded“载着重物的”；C选项permeated“弥漫的，遍布的”，多指气味弥漫或液体渗透；D选项crammed“挤满的”。句意：在英国很受欢迎的是城堡边缘的古老废墟，被称为“修道院”：两个小隔间，散布着常春藤，摇摇欲坠，朝向天空。选项A符合句意。8. 写作题Directions: Human identity, the idea that defines each and every one of us, could be facing an unprecedented crisis. It is a crisis that would threaten long-held notions of who we are, what we do and how we behave. According to neuroscientists, this crisis could reshape the way we think, we learn and we interact with each other, alter what makes us happy, and modify our capacity for reaching our full potential as individuals. It is caused by one simple fact: We are excessively reliant on the use of the information technology. Likewise, the way we traditionally learn and teach in classrooms is under threat from the modern technology and fails to attract the post-1990s, who have been negatively stereotyped as a selfish group or labeled as Iphone fans or Wechat-(or QQ-) addicted kids.What do you think of the possible changes that could be made in the Chinese tertiary education to be adapted to the learning needs of the post-1990s in the new era of information technology? Write a composition of about 250 words expressing your own opinions. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)Note: In the first part of your writing you should state clearly the thesis statement (i.e., your main argument), and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.【答案】略9. 单选题Hilter committed one of the most（ ）crimes in history.问题1选项A.violentB.venturousC.viciousD.virus【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。violent“暴力的，猛烈的”；venturous“不顾一切的，好冒险的”；vicious“恶毒的，恶意的，凶残的”；virus“病毒”。句意：Hilter犯下了历史上最暴力的行径之一。A项符合题意。10. 单选题Dont care what he said. You know, it was said in a（ ）of anger.问题1选项A.fitB.rayC.grainD.layer【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项a fit of“突发一阵，阵发”；B选项a ray of“一线”；C选项a grain of“一点点；一些” D选项a layer of“一层”。句意：不用管他说什么。你知道，这是在愤怒中说的。这里指 “阵发的愤怒”，因此A选项正确。11. 单选题He is totally（ ）to other peoples attitudes.问题1选项A.concernedB.carelessC.indifferentD.cold【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项concerned“有关的；关心的”；B选项careless“粗心的；无忧无虑的”；C选项indifferent“冷淡的；不关心的” D选项cold“冷淡的，不热情的”。句意：他对别人的态度漠不关心。be indifferent to是固定搭配，表示 “对漠不关心”，因此C项正确。12. 单选题Many（ ）came to the Presidents reception.问题1选项A.personB.charactersC.peopleD.notables【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。person“人”；character“性格，品质”；people“人，人类”；notable“名人，显要人物”。句意：许多显要人物前来参加总统的招待会。13. 单选题Parents often faced the（ ）between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.问题1选项A.paradoxB.junctionC.dilemmaD.premise【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项paradox“悖论，似是而非的论点”；B选项junction“连接，结合点”；C选项dilemma“困境，进退两难”；D选项premise“前提，假定”。句意：家长们经常面对这样进退两难的境况：是做自己认为对孩子发展好的事情还是继续容忍孩子没有规矩的吵闹和破坏。选项C符合句意。14. 单选题I would do anything for her except（ ）what she cooks.问题1选项A.to eatB.eatC.eatingD.eaten【答案】B【解析】考查动词的形式。句意：我可以为她做任何事，就是不要吃她做的饭。Except在这里表示并列关系，前面是would do，后面同样也是用动词原形，所以选项B正确。15. 单选题None of this is（ ）surprising, nor are these questionable industry machination limited to the frenzied search for the so-called pink pill.问题1选项A.at the leastB.the leastC.the least bitD.in the least bit【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项at the least“无论如何”；B选项the least“最少”；C选项the least bit“半点，毫厘”；D选项in the least bit“一点，丝毫”。句意：这些丝毫不令人感到惊讶，这些可疑行业的阴谋也不仅仅局限于疯狂地寻找所谓的“粉色药丸”。选项D符合句意。16. 写作题Directions: Write a composition of about 250 words to express your own opinions on the following topic:How to Protect Intellectual Property Rights in Doing Academic ResearchNotes: In the first part of your writing, you should state clearly the thesis statement (i.e. your main argument), and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.【答案】略17. 单选题As social beings we live with our eyes upon our reflection, but have no（ ）of the tranquility of the waters in which we see it.问题1选项A.warrantB.obligationC.assuranceD.certainty【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warrant“根据，证明”，强调法律依据，确信无疑的证据；B选项obligation“职责，义务”；C选项assurance“保证，担保”；D选项certainty“必然，确实”。句意：作为社会上的人我们坚信眼见为实，但是没法保证我们所看到的一定就是真实的。选项C符合句意。18. 单选题Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion-a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds (关系) among members of groups. Societys economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives(刺激,动力) of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain