2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第122期

2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 问答题Another benefit of the study of history is the broad range of human experience which is Acovered. War and peace are certainly covered like are national and international affairs. However, Bmatters of culture (art, literature, and music) are also included in historical study. Human nature is an important part of history: emotions like passion, greed, and insecurity have influenced the shaping of world affairs. Anyone who thinks that the study of history is boring has not really C Dstudied history.【答案】试题答案：B; as【解析】考查连词倒装。由系动词are被提到主语之前，可知此处用连词as（如何一样）构成倒装。2. 单选题The word euthanasia is of Greek origin and literally means “a good death. The American Heritage Dictionary defines it as the act of killing a person painlessly for reasons of mercy. Such killing can be done through active means, such as administering a lethal injection, or by passive means, such as withholding medical care or food and water.In recent years in the United States, there have been numerous cases of active euthanasia in the news. They usually involve the deliberate killing of ill or incapacitated persons by relatives or friends who plead that they can no longer bear to see their loved ones suffer. Although such killings are a crime, the perpetrators are often dealt with leniently by our legal system, and the media usually portrays them as compassionate heroes who take personal risks to save another from unbearable suffering.The seeming acceptance of active forms of euthanasia is alarming, but we face a bigger, more insidious threat from passive forms of euthanasia. Every year, in hospitals and nursing homes around the country, there are growing numbers of documented deaths caused by caregivers withholding life sustaining care, including food and water, from vulnerable patients who cannot speak for themselves.While it is illegal to kill someone directly, for example with a gun or knife, in many cases the law has put its stamp of approval on causing death by omitting needed care. Further, many states have “living will laws designed to protect those who withhold treatment, and there have been numerous court rulings which have approved of patients being denied care and even starved and dehydrated to death.Because such deaths occur quietly within the confines of hospitals and nursing homes, they can be kept hidden from the public. Most euthanasia victims are old or very ill, so their deaths might be attributed to a cause other than the denial of care that really killed them. Further, it is often relatives of the patient who request that care be withheld. In one court case, the court held that decisions to withhold life-sustaining care may be made not only by close family members but also by a number of third parties, and that such decisions need not be reviewed by the judicial system if there is no disagreement between decision makers and medical staff. The court went so far as to rule that a nursing home may not refuse to participate in the fatal withdrawal of food and water from an incompetent patient!Extraordinary or “heroic treatment need not be used when the chance for recovery is poor and medical intervention would serve only to prolong the dying process. But to deny customary and reasonable care or to deliberately starve or dehydrate someone because he or she is very old or very ill should not be permitted. Most of the cases coming before the courts do not involve withholding heroic measures from imminently dying people, but rather they seek approval for denying basic care, such as administration of food and water, to people who are not elderly or terminally ill, but who are permanently incapacitated. These people could be expected to live indefinitely, though in an impaired state, if they were given food and water and minimal treatment.No one has the right to judge that anothers life is not worth living. The basic right to life should not be abridged because someone decides that someone elses quality of life is too low. If we base the right to life on quality of life standards, there is no logical place to draw the line.To protect vulnerable patients, we must foster more positive attitudes towards people with serious and incapacitating illnesses and conditions. Despite the ravages of their diseases, they are still our fellow human beings and deserve our care and respect. We must also enact positive legislation that will protect vulnerable people from those who consider their lives meaningless or too costly to maintain and who would cause their deaths by withholding life-sustaining care such as food and water.1.The tone of the author can best be described as （ ）.2.In paragraph 3, the author finds starvation and dehydration induced euthanasia is to be more insidious because（ ）.3.As used in paragraph 3, what is the best synonym for insidious?4.The author maintains that death by withholding care is（ ）.5.As used in paragraph 7, which is the best definition of abridged?6.The main idea of paragraph 7 is that（ ）.7.In the final paragraph the author writes, Despite the ravages of their diseases, they are stillour fellow human beings and deserve our care and respect. The main purpose of this statement is to（ ）.问题1选项A.pleadingB.argumentativeC.compassionateD.emphaticE.mpathetic问题2选项A.euthanasia is legally considered to be a criminal actB.the publics attitude toward euthanasia is becoming more positiveC.it often involves those who cannot protestD.the patient has asked to die with dignityE.its perpetrators are viewed as kindly caregivers问题3选项A.mischievousB.treacherousC.seductiveD.apparentE.cumulative问题4选项A.largely confined to hospitalsB.largely confined to the terminally illC.often requested by family membersD.approved by living willsE.difficult to prove if prosecuted问题5选项A.trimmedB.curtailedC.lengthenedD.extendedE.compressed问题6选项A.lawyers will be unable to prosecute or defend caregiversB.no comprehensive right or wrong definition of euthanasia will existC.using a subjective standard will make the decision to end an individuals life arbitraryD.no boundary will exist between euthanasia and care omissionE.quality of life will no longer be able to be rigidly defined问题7选项A.prove a previous argumentB.illustrate an exampleC.gainsay a later statementD.object to a larger ideaE.justify an earlier statement【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B第6题:C第7题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Despite the ravages of their diseases, they are still our fellow human beings and deserve our care and respect.”尽管他们的疾病肆虐，但他们仍然是我们的同胞，值得我们的关心和尊重，可知作者的语气是同情的，因此C选项“有同情心的”正确。A选项“恳求的”；B选项“争论的”；D选项“强调的”；E选项“同感的”。2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Every year, in hospitals and nursing homes around the country, there are growing numbers of documented deaths caused by caregivers withholding life sustaining care, including food and water, from vulnerable patients who cannot speak for themselves.”每年，在全国各地的医院和疗养院里，有越来越多的记录在案的死亡案例是由于护理人员拒绝给予不能为自己说话的病人提供包括食物和水在内的生命维持护理。可知作案者为护理人员，因此A选项“它的作案者被视为仁慈的照顾者”符合题意。3.词义题。根据文章第三段中“but we face a bigger, more insidious threat from passive forms of euthanasia. Every year, in hospitals and nursing homes around the country, there are growing numbers of documented deaths caused by caregivers withholding life sustaining care, including food and water, from vulnerable patients who cannot speak for themselves.”可知这些病人的不是自愿选择安乐死的，而是由护理人员有意为之的。因此A选项“恶意的”符合题意；B选项“骗人的”；C选项“诱惑的，引诱的”；D选项“表面的，可看得到的”E选项“累积的”。4.细节事实题。根据文章倒数第三段中“Extraordinary or “heroic treatment need not be used when the chance for recovery is poor and medical intervention would serve only to prolong the dying process. But to deny customary and reasonable care or to deliberately starve or dehydrate someone because he or she is very old or very ill should not be permitted.”当恢复的可能性很小，且医疗干预只会延长垂死的过程时，就不需要使用“特殊的”或“英勇的”的治疗。但因他或她很老或病得严重而拒绝给予惯常、合理的照顾或故意使其饥饿或脱水却不应该被允许，可知B选项“很大程度上仅限于绝症患者”与作者的主张相符。5.词义题。根据文章第七段中“No one has the right to judge that anothers life is not worth living. The basic right to life should not be abridged because someone decides that someone elses quality of life is too low. ”没有人有权力去断定另一个人的生命是否值得继续，基本生存权不应该被因为有人认为别人的生活质量太低了。可知“abridge”与生命结束有关，因此B选项“被缩短”符合题意。A选项“被修剪，被整理”；C选项“被加长”；D选项“被延长”；E选项“被压缩”。6.主旨大意题。根据文章第七段中“No one has the right to judge that anothers life is not worth living. The basic right to life should not be abridged because someone decides that someone elses quality of life is too low.”可知每个人的基本生存权不能由别人认为其生活质量太低而被缩短，因此C选项“使用一个主观标准将让结束一个人的生命的决定变得武断”符合题意”。7.推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“The seeming acceptance of active forms of euthanasia is alarming, but we face a bigger, more insidious threat from passive forms of euthanasia.”人们对主动形式的安乐死的赞同看起来令人惊讶，但我们面临着来自被动形式安乐死的更大、更隐蔽的威胁，和最后一段中“Despite the ravages of their diseases, they are still our fellow human beings and deserve our care and respect.”尽管他们的疾病肆虐，但他们仍然是我们的同胞，值得我们的关心和尊重。可知作者反对这种被人们接受的观点，因此D选项“反对一种广泛的观点”符合题意。3. 翻译题Translate the following passage into English.国务院总理温家宝3月5日在十一届全国人大三次会议上作政府工作报告时提出，要坚定不移推进改革。进一步扩大开放。要全面适应国际形势变化和国内发展要求，拓展对外开放的广度和深度。温家宝提出，要稳定发展对外贸易。今年的主要着力点是拓市场、调结构、促平衡。坚持实施市场多元化战略和以质取胜战略落实和完善出口退税、出口信贷、出口信用保险等各项政策措施，继续改善海关、质检、外汇等方面的服务。温家宝表示，要推动利用外资和对外投资协调发展。优化利用外资结构，鼓励外资投向高端制造业、高新技术产业、现代服务业、新能源和节能环保产业，鼓励跨国公司在华设立地区总部等各类功能性机构，鼓励中外企业加强研发合作。“走出去”的企业要依法经营，规避风险，防止恶性竞争，维护国家整体利益和良好形象。温家宝提出，要深化多边双边经贸合作。加强和改善与发达国家的经贸关系，深化与发展中国家的互利合作。发挥经济高层对话和双边经贸联委会作用。加快自由贸易区建设步伐。积极参与多哈回合谈判，推动早日达成更加合理、平衡的谈判结果。反对各种形式的保护主义，妥善处理贸易摩擦。【答案】While delivering a government work report at the Third Session of the Eleventh National Peoples Congress on March 5, Premier Wen Jiabao put forward that we must unswervingly advance reform and further expand opening up, we must fully adapt to changes in the international situation, meet the needs of domestic development, and expand the breadth and depth of opening up.Wen Jiabao proposed that we will seek for stable development of foreign trade. He said that this years main focuses are on opening new markets, adjusting structure, promoting balance; we should continue our market diversification strategy and win-through-quality strategy, implement and improve export tax refund, export credit, export credit insurance and other policies and measures; we should continue to improve service in customs, quality inspections and foreign exchange and other areas.Wen Jiabao said that we should promote coordinated development between using other countries investment in China and making Chinese investment overseas; we should optimize the structure of foreign capital utilization, encourage foreign capital to be invested in high-end manufacturing industry, high and new technological industry, modem service industry, new energy industry, energy-saving and environment-friendly industries; we must encourage multinational corporations to set up regional headquarters and other functional agencies in China, encourage the Chinese and foreign enterprises to strengthen research and development cooperation; the enterprises that have gone global should operate in accordance with the law, avoid risks, prevent vicious competition, and safeguard the countrys overall interests and good image.Wen Jiabao proposed that we will deepen multilateral and bilateral business cooperation; we will strengthen and improve the economic and trade relations with developed countries, and deepen mutually beneficial cooperation with developing countries; we will make full use of the role of high-level economic dialogue and bilateral economic and trade joint commissions, quicken the pace of establishing free trade zones and actively participate in the Doha round of trade talks to reach a more reasonable and balanced outcome as early as possible; we will oppose protectionism in all forms and properly handle trade frictions.4. 问答题(A) Define ambition and you instantly (B) reveal a great deal about yourself: Even that most neutral of works, Websters, in its Seventh New Collegiate Edition, (C) gives itself off, (D) defining ambition first and foremost as “an ardent desire for rank, fame and power.”【答案】C；改成gives itself away5. 问答题Each year, a few so-called top designers in Paris and London lay down on the law and Awomen around the world run to obey. The decrees of the designers are unpredictable and Bdictatorial. Sometime they decide arbitrarily, that skirts will be short and waists will be high; Czips are in and buttons are out. D【答案】试题答案：A; 去掉on【解析】考查固定搭配。lay down意为“制定”，介词on在此处是多余的。6. 翻译题Translate the following passage from English to ChineseNature contains the elements, in color and form, of all pictures, as the keyboard contains the notes of all music.But the artist is born to pick, and choose; and group with science, these elements, that the result may be beautiful as the musician gathers his notes, and forms his chords, until he brings forth from chaos glorious harmony.To say to the painter, that Nature is to be taken as she is, is to say to the player, that he may sit on the piano.The dignity of the snow-capped mountain is lost in distinctness, but the joy of the tourist is to recognize the traveler on the top. The desire to see, for the sake of seeing, is, with the mass, alone the one to be gratified, hence the delight in detail.【答案】在色彩和形状方面，大自然包含所有的图画元素，如同键盘包含所有的音乐的音符一样。但是艺术家生来就有挑选和选择的能力，将它们巧妙地结合在一起，构成一幅美丽的图画，如同音乐家用声音谱成和音，从混乱无序的声音中创作出动听和谐的乐曲一样。对画家来说，他可以按照大自然本来的样子创作，就等同对演奏家说，他可以坐在钢琴 白雪皑皑的高山若是变得清晰可见就失去了它的威严，但观光者的快乐在于能看到山顶上的游客。对于大多数人，只是为了看见而要看见，只是为了使这个愿望得到满足，因此，他们以能一睹细节为快。 7. 问答题Less noted but equally significant, the men and women who formed families between 1940 and 1960 alsoreduced the divorce rate after a postwar peak: their marriages remained intact to a A Bgreater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well as later decades. C D【答案】试题答案：C; those【解析】考查代词。由“their marriages”可知此处代词应用相应的复数形式，that的复数形式为those。8. 问答题The costs of watching the film is that it takes up 120 minutes of your time - time which could A B Cbe spent in bed asleep. The benefit is the enjoyment gained from each extra minute viewed. D【答案】试题答案：A; cost【解析】考查主谓一致。谓语动词is用的是单数形式，故主语也需要用单数形式。9. 填空题Albert Einstein once (1) _ the creativity of a famous scientist to the fact that he “never went to school, and therefore preserved the rare gift of thinking freely.” There is undoubtedly (2) _ in Einsteins observation: many artists and geniuses seem to (3) _ their schooling as a big disadvantage. Anecdotal reports support this. Pablo Picasso, Charles Darwin, Mark Twain, Oliver Goldsmith, and William Butler Yeats all (4) _ school. (5) _did Winston Churchill, who almost failed out of Harrow, an elite British school. But such a truth is not a criticism of schools. (6) _ is the function of schools to civilize, not to train explorers. The explorer is always a miserably lonely individual (7) _ his or her pioneering is in art, music, science and technology. The creative explorer of unmapped lands share with the genius what William James described (8) _ the “faculty of perceiving in an unhabitual way.” However, the social order demands unity and widespread agreement, both traits are (9) _ to creativity. There will always be (10) _ between the demands of society and the impulses of creativity and genius.【答案】1.attributed2.truth3.view4.disliked5.So6.It7.whether8.as9.destructive10.conflict【解析】1.考查上下文语义。句意：阿尔伯特爱因斯坦曾经将一个著名的科学家的创造力_于这样的一个事实：他从未上过学，从而保留了自由思考的天赋。所以填入attributed表示“将创造力归因于一个事实”。2.考查上下文语义。句意：毫无疑问是_在爱因斯坦的观点中：许多艺术家和天才似乎都_他们的上学经历为极大的不利因素。所以填入truth表示“爱因斯坦的观点毫无疑问是真实的”。3.考查上下文语义和搭配。句意：爱因斯坦的观点毫无疑问是真实的：许多艺术家和天才似乎都_他们的上学经历为极大的不利因素。所以填入view构成搭配“viewas 将看作”，表示“都将他们的上学经历看作成极大的不利因素”。4.考查上下文语义。句意：巴勃罗毕加索、查尔斯达尔文、马克吐温，奥利弗戈德史密斯，还有威廉巴特勒叶芝都_学校。所以填入disliked表示“他们都不喜欢学校”。5.考查倒装句语法。句意：温斯顿丘吉尔也一样，他差点被哈罗工效开除，而这是一所名校。所以填入连词so构成倒装结构“so + 助动词/be动词/情态动词 + 主语”表示“.也一样”。6.考查语法。句意：引导探索者是学校的职责，而不是训练探索者。此句中动词不定式“to civilize, not to train explorers”为句子真正的主语，所以填入It作形式主语。7.考查连词。探索者总是一个孤独的个体，无论他的创举是在艺术、音乐、科学或是技术领域。所以填入whether构成搭配“whetheror 不论.或者.”，表示“无论是在艺术、音乐、科学或是技术领域”。8.考查介词搭配。句意：对于为开拓的领域进行探索的有创造力的人与天才具有共同之处，这种共同之处被威廉詹姆斯描述为“不同寻常的感知能力”。所以填入as构成搭配“describeas将描述为”。What引导宾语从句，作share with的宾语，表示“共同之处被描述为都不同寻常的感知能力”。9.考查上下文语义。句意：然而，社会秩序要求团结和广泛一致，这两个方面对于创造力来说是_的。所以填入destructive表示“具有毁灭性的”。10.考查上下文语义。句意：社会的要求和对于创造力和天才的需求之间总是会存在_。所以填入conflict表示“二者之间存在矛盾或冲突”。10. 单选题The weeds and tall grass in that yard make the house look as long as it has been vacant for quite A B C Dsome time.问题1选项A.weedsB.makeC.lookD.as long as【答案】D【解析】考查固定短语。as long as意为“只要”，与句意不符，故用as if（好像，似乎）。句意：院子里的杂草使得这座房子看起来似乎荒废了很久。试题答案：D; as if11. 单选题The Titanic turned just in time and narrowly missed to be struck by the immense wall of ice A Bwhich rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. C D问题1选项A.justB.to be struckC.roseD.beside【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。miss doing sth.意为“避免做某事”，此处表示被动，因此用过去分词。试题答案：B; being struck12. 问答题This competition is good for the overall development of Chinas long-monopolizing banking Aindustry and is expected to intensify by the end of the year or early next year as more private B C Dbanks are established.【答案】试题答案：A; monopolized【解析】考查非谓语动词。banking industry与monopolize的关系是被动的，故用其过去分词做定语修饰。13. 写作题Milton Mizner once said, “A good listener is not only popular everywhere, but after a while he gets to know something.”Listening is not the simple thing it seems to be. Listening is participating in at least five important ways. You are a good listener if 1. you can “see” an idea when you hear it. 2. you can distinguish between essential points and details. 3. you can distinguish between facts and opinions. 4. you can distinguish