2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第127期

2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Do you know what a resolution is? its a promise. Most promises are made（1）other people(Mom, I promise Ill tidy my room when I get back from the beach). （2）resolutions are promises that you make to yourself. And New years resolutions are resolutions that people make at the beginning of the year in the（3）that they will improve their lives. Some people write down their resolutions to remember them. But（4）the resolution is important enough, you（5） have to write it down to remember it.There are different kinds of resolutions. Some relate to（6）health such as starting a workout program or（7）the amount of junk food that you eat. Many have to do with self improvement, such as（8）a hobby live painting or photography, or learning a musical instrument. Then there are resolutions that have to do with being better organized. （9）here might include using a weekly planner or organizing your school notes into folder.Despite these differences, there is one thing that most resolutions have（10）. People hardly ever keep them. The resolutions are too difficult to keep. For people simply forget. For this reason, some people argue that the best resolution is simply not to make any resolutions!问题1选项A.forB.byC.toD.with问题2选项A.HoweverB.NeverthelessC.LikewiseD.Incidentally问题3选项A.resolveB.assumptionC.pledgeD.hope问题4选项A.asB.ifC.thoughD.because问题5选项A.shouldntB.couldntC.mustntD.wouldnt问题6选项A.normalB.mentalC.publicD.physical问题7选项A.determiningB.increasingC.limitingD.retaining问题8选项A.taking upB.giving upC.holding downD.laying do问题9选项A.ExceptionsB.ExamplesC.SamplesD.Variations问题10选项A.in conclusionB.in diversityC.in commonD.in favor【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C第6题:D第7题:C第8题:A第9题:B第10题:C【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。make promise to意为“对许下承诺”。第2题:考查副词辨析。however意为“然而”，表转折关系，常作插入语；nevertheless意为“然而，不过”，表示尽管作出完全让步，也不会发生任何影响；likewise意为“同样地”；incidentally意为“顺便”。第3题:考查上下文语义。由后面they will improve their live可知新年决心表达的是一种美好的愿望，一种希望，因此选D。第4题:考查上下文语义。由前面的“有些人写下了他们的决心来记住他们”，此处表示转折关系，因此填though（虽然，尽管）。第5题:考查上下文语义。此处表示尽管决心很重要，但你不必一定要把它写下来，因此填mustnt（不必）。第6题:考查上下文语义。由such as starting a workout program（锻炼计划）or _ the amount of junk food that you eat可知与身体有关，因此填physical，physical health意为“身体健康”。第7题:考查上下文语义。or表示并列关系，由前面的“开始锻炼计划”可知此表示“限制垃圾食品”，因此填limiting。第8题:考查上下文语义。由前面Many have to do with self improvement（许多人必须自我改进）可推测此处表示开始一个新的爱好，因此填taking up（开始，从事）。第9题:考查上下文语义。由后面的using a weekly planner or organizing your school notes into folder可知这里是举例说明，因此填examples（例子）。第10题:考查上下文语义。由前面的Despite these differences（尽管有这些差异），但有一个大部分决心是相同的，因此填in common（共有的，相同的）。2. 单选题As educational levels rise and information technology accelerates, the distinction between managers and workers will （ ）and management knowledge will be everyones responsibility.问题1选项A.fade awayB.pass awayC.slip awayD.wash away【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。fade away意为“消失，衰弱”；pass away意为“（时间等）消磨掉”；slip away意为“悄没声息地溜走”；wash away意为“冲走，清洗”。句意：随着教育水平的提高和信息技术的加速，“管理者”与“员工”之间的区别将逐渐消失，管理知识将是每个人的责任。3. 单选题The use of natural gas to generate electricityfar from perfectly clean but less carbon- （ ）than coal usehas jumped 25 percent since 2008.问题1选项A.inclusiveB.extensiveC.intensiveD.exclusive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。inclusive意为“包括的，包罗广泛的”；extensive意为“广阔的，广大的”；intensive意为“密集的，加强的”；exclusive意为“专有的，排外的”。句意：自2008年以来，使用天然气发电远没有完全清洁，但碳密集型比煤炭的使用要少已经上涨了25%。4. 单选题The doctors dont（ ）that the patient will live much longer.问题1选项A.entailB.manifestC.articulateD.anticipate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。entail意为“牵涉，需要”；manifest意为“显示，表明”；articulate意为“口齿清楚，清晰发(音)”；anticipate意为“预料，预期”。句意：医生们预计病人活不了多久了。5. 单选题Scientists have found that scents （ ）efficiency and reduce stress among office workers.问题1选项A.enhanceB.amplifyC.fosterD.magnify【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。enhance意为“提高，增加”；amplify意为“放大，扩大”；foster意为“培养”；magnify意为“放大”。句意：科学家们发现，气味能提高办公室职员的效率，减轻他们的压力。6. 单选题We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night, is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a m one week, 8 a.m to 4 p.m the next, and 4 p. in to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence（发生率）of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.1.Why is the question of “how easily people can get used to working at night” not a mere academic question?2.The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in （ ）.3.The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems to be（ ）.4.It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because（ ）.5.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?问题1选项A.Because few people like to reverse the cycle of sleep and wakefulness.B.Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.C.Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.D.Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.问题2选项A.the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introductionB.the disturbance of the daily life cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequentlyC.the fact that people working at night are often less effectiveD.the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers问题3选项A.to change shifts at longer intervalsB.to have longer shiftsC.to arrange for some people to work on night shifts onlyD.to create better living conditions for night workers问题4选项A.people have higher temperatures when they are working efficientlyB.body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or backC.the temperature reverses when the routine is changedD.body temperature changes with the cycle of sleep and wakefulness问题5选项A.Body temperature may serve as an indication of a workers performance.B.The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers has proved to be the best solution to problems of the round-the-clock working system.C.Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine.D.Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or day shifts.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night, is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines.（例如，人们可以轻松地从白天工作到晚上工作，这是一个在自动化工业中越来越重要的问题，在这个行业中，要求机器全天候运转） 可知选C。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m one week, 8 a.m to 4 p.m the next, and 4 p.m to 12 midnight the third and so on.（不幸的是，在工业中，每周都会发生变化；一个人每周可以从午夜12点工作到每周8点，第二天晚上8点到下午4点，下午4点到12点，以此类推）可知选B。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers.（唯一真正的解决办法似乎是把轮班交付给一些长期的夜间工人）可知选C。第4题:推理判断题。由文章最后一段中One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; particularly in terms of performance.（知道一个人何时适应的方法是测量他的体温。从事正常日间工作的人在清醒的时候会有较高的温度，晚上则会有较低的温度；特别是在工作表现方面）可知选A。第5题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers.（唯一真正的解决办法似乎是把轮班交付给一些长期的夜间工人）和最后一段中So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.（然而，到目前为止，这种选择形式似乎还没有在实践中得到应用）可知选B。7. 单选题One effect of the （ ）economy of 2009 on state and local governments is a decrease in income, sales, and property tax revenues.问题1选项A.prosperousB.sluggishC.substantialD.pervasive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。prosperous意为“繁荣的，兴旺的”；sluggish意为“缓慢的，迟缓的”；substantial意为“大量的，重大的”；pervasive意为“遍布的，普遍的”。句意：2009年经济发展缓慢对国家和地方政府的影响是收入、销售和财产税收入的减少。8. 单选题（ ）he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.问题1选项A.Much thoughB.Much asC.As muchD.Though much【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句。as可以引导原因状语从句，though不能引导原因状语从句。as引导原因状语的时候进行倒装，much是用来修饰want的程度副词句意：因为周末他很想跟他的朋友出去玩，所以他不得不留下来完成作业。9. 单选题At present rates of demand, the world has enough oil in known and economically viable reserves to last for more than 40 years, enough gas for more than 60 years and enough coal for more than 230 years. Naturally, demand will increase; but so will reserves as companies explore more widely and costs fall. Since 1970 viable reserves of oil have almost doubled while those of gas have leapt three-fold. One distant day a difficult situation will come, but as it approaches, fossil-fuel prices will rise, making alternative forms of energy, perhaps including nuclear power, competitive. That is no reason to spend on nuclear right now.All oil shock is a more worrying prospect despite todays low oil price and OPECs present inability to budge it upwards. However, even if an oil shock is a real danger, building nuclear reactors is not a good way to avert it. A higher oil price would have a relatively small effect on the supply of electricity-the only sort of energy that nuclear power can now provide. Just over a tenth of the worlds electricity is generated from oil, and the proportion has steadily fallen since 1970. Transport, by contrast, relies almost entirely upon oil, already swallowing half the worlds oil supply and likely to take an even larger chunk in the future. If the supply of oil were cut off tomorrow, billions of people would find themselves immobile. Relatively few would be without electricity.The congestion and pollution are serious problems, and they could try to restrict the growth of car use, or promote cars which use less fuel. For governments keen to reduce electricitys dependence on oil still further, there are usually cheaper alternatives to nuclear, such as coal or hydro power.Climate change is a legitimate worry. Although still riddled with uncertainties, the science of climate change is becoming firmer: put too much carbon in the atmosphere and you might end up cooking the earth, with possible catastrophic results. But here again switching immediately to nuclear power is not the best response. Cutting the larger subsidies that go to the worlds coal producers would help tilt the worlds energy balance towards natural gas, which gives off much less carbon dioxide. Developing countries subsidize electricity prices up to $120 billion a year, according to World Bank estimates. If price reflected the true costs of generation, electricity demand would fall, thus, cutting greenhouse emissions.1.What is the main idea of the first paragraph?2.Which of the following would NOT be true if an oil shock came soon?3.What is NOT mentioned as a way to prepare for an oil shock?4.What is meant by “cooking the earth”?5.What is the main aim of the passage?问题1选项A.Oil, gas and coal play an important role in energy supply.B.The more reserves, the greater demand there is for energy.C.There is no point in bothering about nuclear power at present.D.Some other forms of energy will replace fossil fuels someday.问题2选项A.It wouldnt affect much of the supply of electricity.B.It would have great impact on transport.C.The world would be badly in need of nuclear plants.D.Oil price would go upwards.问题3选项A.Exploiting nuclear energy instead.B.Promoting cars which consume less fuel.C.Building up stock of oil for future consumption.D.Using coal or hydro power.问题4选项A.The earth is getting wanner as if fueled by carbon dioxide dischargers.B.Owing to the change of climate, there will be less oil reservesC.The power plant emits too much smoke and fume.D.Automobile exhausts give off too much carbon dioxide.问题5选项A.To reject the idea of turning to nuclear reactors for energy.B.To demonstrate that there are alternative forms of energy.C.To defend oil consumption from the blame for greenhouse effect.D.To warn people of the inevitable exhaustion of fossil fuels.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由文章第一段中Naturally, demand will increase; but so will reserves as companies explore more widely and costs fall.可知需求增多，储存随着增多，与B选项表达表述相反；C、D选项在第一段中虽有提及，但都只是一笔带过，因此A选项“石油、天然气和煤炭在能源供应中发挥着重要作用”是本段的主旨。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中However, even if an oil shock is a real danger, building nuclear reactors is not a good way to avert it.（然而，即使石油冲击是真正的危险，建造核反应堆并不是避免它的好方法）可知选C。第3题:由文章第二段中building nuclear reactors is not a good way to avert it可知与A选项相符（虽然不是一种好的方法，但也属于一种方法）；第三段中promote cars which use less fuel可知B选项相符；第三段中there are usually cheaper alternatives to nuclear, such as coal or hydro power与D选项相符。通过排除法，选C，只有C选项没有在文章中提及。第4题:词义题。由文章第四段中put too much carbon in the atmosphere and you might end up cooking the earth, with possible catastrophic results（在大气中放太多的碳，你可能最终会可能会造成灾难性的后果）的句意，可知A选项“地球变得越来越暖，好像被二氧化碳排放的燃料点燃”最为恰当。第5题:主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲了石油、天然气和煤炭在能源供应中发挥着重要作用；第二段主要讲了石油的重要性及影响，提出了建造核反应堆应对石油危机的想法，因此排除A；第三段主要讲了减少拥堵和污染的方法，以及更便宜的核能替代品；最后一段主要讲了应对气候变化最好的方式是向天然气转变，因此B选项符合题意。10. 单选题Hoping that he might be able to （ ）the problem, I asked Manio to look at the engine.问题1选项A.shed light onB.make light ofC.bring light toD.set light to【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。shed light on意为“阐明，解释”；make light of意为“对不在乎，轻视”；bring light to意为“为带来光明”；set light to意为“点燃，点着”。句意：我让马里奥看一下引擎，希望他能弄清楚这个问题。11. 单选题Glass （ ）provide a useful function in sectioning off and enclosing an area when the desired effect is to maintain visual transparency.问题1选项A.separationsB.segregationsC.partitionsD.isolations【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。separation意为“分离，分开”；segregation意为“隔离”；partition意为“划分”；isolation意为“隔离”。句意：玻璃分割提供一个有用的功能，在切断和包围某一区域时，所预期的效果是保持视觉的透明度。12. 单选题My uncle is quite worm out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man （ ）he was fifteen years ago.问题1选项A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。先行词the man表示人，不能用which，关系代词在从句中作表语，只能用that引导。句意：我叔叔经过多年的艰苦工作，累得精疲力竭。他不再是十五年前的那个人了。13. 单选题In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror or the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the suns rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather experts prediction, the atmosphere will be 3C warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming-up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earths chief food growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have gone beyond those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and cold spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27. 5 days, it presents hotter or colder faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earths atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also changeable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding shared relations between models of solar weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earths climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful opposed balance to the suns fading heat.1.It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would （ ）.2.The article was written to explain（ ）.3.Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is（ ）.4.On the basis of their models, scientists believe th