2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前拔高综合测试题(含答案带详解)第71期

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2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前拔高综合测试题(含答案带详解)1. 单选题The shop-assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of ( )quality, hed tell them so.问题1选项A.minorB.humbleC.inferiorD.awkward【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项minor“次要的;较小的”;B选项humble“谦逊的;简陋的;低下的”;C选项inferior“差的;自卑的;下级的”;D选项awkward“尴尬的;笨拙的;棘手的;不合适的”。句意:这位商店售货员对顾客很坦率。如果一件商品质量差,那么他就会如实地告诉他们。根据句中“quality质量”可知“差的”符合语境,因此C选项正确。2. 单选题( )Ill marry him all the same.问题1选项A.Was he rich or poorB.Whether rich or poorC.Were he rich or poorD.Be he rich or poor【答案】D【解析】语法题考查虚拟语气。D选项这是省略whether后的让步状语从句 ,从句用了省略should虚拟语气,省略whether后,句子要倒装,原句等于 whether he (should)be rich or poor.,谓语动词提前时要用从句谓语原形动词即be,排除A、C项;而B选项省略错误,逻辑主语发生了变化。句意:不管他是穷是富,我都要嫁给他。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题Compared to the angry, blaming American stance, the Chinese were paragons of compromise, finding fault on both sides and looking for solutions that moved both sides to the middle.问题1选项A.facilitatorsB.inheritorsC.predecessorsD.models【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。横线单词paragons意为“模范;完美之物”;A选项“facilitators”意为“服务商;促进者”;B选项“inheritors”意为“继承人;后继者”;C选项“predecessors”意为“前任,前辈”;D选项“models”意为“模型;典型;模范;样式”。句意:与美国人愤怒、指责的立场相比,中国人是和解的典范,他们会发现双方的问题,寻找能让双方走到中间的方案。由题干可知,looking for solutions that moved both sides to the middle(寻找能让双方和解的方案)说明中国一贯的做法都是妥协,寻找让双方和解的方法。可推测出中国是和解的典范。由此可知,paragons在此处最可能是“模范”的意思。因此D选项符合题意。4. 单选题( ) both sides accept the agreement ( ) a lasting peace be established in this region.问题1选项A.Only if, willB.If only, wouldC.Should, willD.Unless, would【答案】A【解析】语法题only if的用法。当only if位于句首时,其主句的谓语动词要部分倒装,根据四个选项,其谓语动词都提前了,而只有only if在句首,才部分倒装。句意:只有双方都接受这项协议,才能在这个地区建立持久的和平。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题As there was no road, the travelers ( )up a rocky slope on their way back.问题1选项A.ranB.hurriedC.scrambledD.crawled【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。四个选项均与up搭配,分别是run、hurry、scramble、crawl的过去式。A选项ran up“匆匆制成;积欠;迅速积累;向上跑”;B选项hurried up“(使)赶快”;C选项scrambled up“攀爬;巴结;搅混起来”;D选项crawl up“爬上;爬到”。由本句关键词“a rocky slope”(岩石边坡)可知,旅行者们需要攀爬边坡,才能返回,所以攀爬的意思在此处符合题意。句意:因为没有路,旅行者们在返回的路上攀爬了一个岩石斜坡。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题Excellent elementary schools, open attitudes toward new technology, premiums for inventions, and a genius for creative thinking interact with each other on the US mainland and produce the American characteristic, ( ).问题1选项A.emanationB.emulsionC.emulationD.emancipation【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项emanation“发出,散发”;B选项emulsion“乳剂;乳液”;C选项emulation“仿真;效仿;竞争”;D选项emancipation“解放;释放”。句意:在美国本土,优秀的小学教育、对新技术的开放态度、对发明的奖励,以及空间思维天赋相互作用,造就了美国人的特征竞争。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation, and _the Corporations statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply.问题1选项A.defersB.curtailsC.triggersD.sparks【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“defers”意为“推迟;延期;服从”;B选项“curtails”意为“缩减;剪短;剥夺特权”;C选项“triggers”意为“触发,引起;开动(装置)”;D选项“sparks”意为“发出火花;点燃;导致;求婚”。句意:1982年的石油和天然气法案赋予了允许处理公司持有资产的权力,并在供应天然气充当燃料的目的上,剥夺了公司的法定垄断特权,从而允许私人公司在供应方面竞争。由题干可知,横线后是the Corporations statutory monopoly(公司的法定垄断特权)而后文又说到to permit private companies to compete(允许私人公司在供应方面竞争),由此可以推测出应该是剥夺了公司的垄断特权,所以私人公司才能在供应方面竞争。因此B选项符合题意。8. 单选题They are meticulous in work, well aware a careless mistake will cost the company millions of pounds.问题1选项A.rather casualB.pretty slowC.very carefullyD.really considerate【答案】C【解析】考查形容词和词组辨析。meticulous“小心翼翼的;A选项rather casual“非常随便的”;B选项pretty slow“相当慢的”;C选项very carefully“非常小心地”;D选项really considerate“确实体贴的”。句意:在工作中,他们小心翼翼,很清楚一个粗心的错误将花费公司数百万英镑。由题干中的“well aware很清楚”可知meticulous在这里为“小心翼翼的”的意思,因此C选项正确。9. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your translation on the Answer Sheet II.We will effectively conserve resources and protect the environment. We will actively respond to climate change. We will strengthen resource conservation and management, become better able to ensure adequate supplies of resources, intensify the protection of farmland and the environment, strengthen ecological development and systems to prevent and mitigate natural disasters, and comprehensively build our capacity for sustainable development. The proportion of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption should reach 11.4 percent; energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per until of GDP should be reduced by 16 percent and 17 percent respectively; the release of major pollutant should be reduced by 8 percent to 10 percent; forest stock should be increased by 600 million cubic meters; and forest cover should be increased to 21.66 percent. We will substantially improve water conservancy facilities; make progress in better controlling important tributaries of large rivers as well as lakes and small and medium-sized rivers; and significantly improve agricultural irrigation, the efficiency of water resources use and resistance to flooding.【答案】我们将抓好节约资源和保护环境。我们将积极应对气候变化。我们将加强资源节约和管理,提高资源保障能力,加强对耕地和环境的保护力度,加强生态建设以及防灾减灾体系建设,全面增强可持续发展能力。非化石燃料在一次能源消费中的比例应达到11.4%;单位GDP的能源消耗和二氧化碳排放量应分别减少16%和17%,主要污染物排放量应减少8%至10%,森林蓄积量应增加6亿立方米,森林覆盖率应增加到21.66%。我们将大幅改善水利设施;更好地推进大江大河重要支流以及中小型河流的治理,并显著提高农业灌溉、水资源利用效率和抵抗洪水能力。10. 单选题Professor Smith and Professor Brown will( )in giving the class lectures.问题1选项A.exchangeB.alterC.shiftD.alternate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项exchange“交换;交易;兑换”;B选项alter“改变;变更”;C选项shift“转移;改变;替换”;D选项alternate“交替;轮流”。句意:史密斯教授和布朗教授将轮流给这个班级讲课。根据句中“giving the class lectures给这个班级讲课”可知“轮流”符合语境,因此D选项正确。11. 单选题His remarks were( )annoy everybody at the meeting.问题1选项A.so as toB.such as toC.such toD.as much as to【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项 so as to“以便;以致”;B选项such as to“达到这样的程度以致”;C选项such to,没有这样的搭配,可排除;D选项as much as to“就像是”。由本句关键词“annoy everybody”(惹恼了所有人)可知,他的评论到达了很严重的程度以致惹恼所有人。句意:他的话让会议上的每个人都很恼火。因此B选项正确。12. 单选题When dusts in the sky are at levels where little air is in motion, they do not _for many years.问题1选项A.dismissB.disguiseC.disgraceD.disperse【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“dismiss”意为“解散;解雇;开除;让离开;不予理会”;B选项“disguise”意为“掩饰;假装;隐瞒”;C选项“disgrace”意为“使失宠;给丢脸;使蒙受耻辱”;D选项“disperse”意为“分散;使散开;传播”。句意:当天空中的尘埃处于没有空气流动的高度时,它们要很多年才会消散。由题干可知,dusts in the sky are at levels where little air is in motion(天空中的尘埃处于没有空气流动的高度),没有空气流动尘埃自然也不能飘动,所以要等很多年尘埃才能消散。因此D选项符合题意。13. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your translation on the Answer Sheet II.The hypothesis of natural selection may not be a complete explanation, but it led to a greater thing than itself an acceptance of the theory of organic evolution, which the years have but confined. Yet at first some naturalists joined the opposition. To the many, who were unable to judge the biological evidence, the effect of the theory of evolution seemed incredible as well as devastating, to run counter to common sense and to overwhelm all philosophic and religious landmarks. Even educated man, choosing between the Book of Genesis and the Origin of Species, proclaimed with Disraeli that he was “on the side of the Angels”.【答案】自然选择的假说可能不是一个完整的解释,但它引出了一个比它本身更伟大的东西对有机进化理论的接受,这一理论多年来一直受到限制。然而,起初有些博物学家加入了反对阵营。对许多无法判断生物学证据的人来说,进化论的影响似乎难以置信,而且是毁灭性的,它与常识背道而驰,压倒了所有哲学和宗教的里程碑。即使是受过教育的人,在创世纪和物种起源中做出选择时,也会和迪斯雷利一起宣称自己“站在天使一边”。14. 单选题Henry was the only one who knew how to cook because he had _in the kitchen when he was a boy.问题1选项A.helped aboutB.helped outC.helped withD.helped up【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“helped about”意为“就帮忙”;B选项“helped out”意为“帮助摆脱困难;帮忙”;C选项“helped with”意为“帮某人做;在某方面帮助”;D选项“helped up”意为“把(某人)扶起来,帮助(某人)往上搬东西”。句意:亨利是唯一会做饭的人,因为他小时候在厨房里帮过忙。由题干可知,Henry was the only one who knew how to cook(亨利是唯一会做饭的人),所以可以推测出亨利小时候在厨房帮过忙。因此B选项符合题意。15. 单选题These continual( )in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.问题1选项A.alterationsB.vibrationsC.wavesD.fluctuations【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。选项alteration“修改,改变;变更”;vibration“振动;振荡;颤抖”;wave“波浪;挥手示意”;fluctuation“起伏,浮动;动荡;动摇”。句意:温度上的这些持续起伏让人无法决定穿什么衣服。根据句中“make it impossible to decide what to wear让人无法决定穿什么衣服”可知“起伏”符合语境,因此D选项正确。16. 单选题There were no tickets( )for Fridays performance.问题1选项A.preferableB.possibleC.considerableD.available【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项preferable“更好的,更可取的;更合意的”;B选项possible“可能的;合理的;合适的”;C选项considerable“相当大的;重要的,值得考虑的”;D选项available“可获得的;可购买的;可找到的;有空的”。句意:周五的演出已没有票可购买。根据句中“There were no tickets没有票”可知“可购买的”符合语境,因此D选项正确。17. 单选题He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ( ) that he paid me back the following week.问题1选项A.on occasionB.on purposeC.on conditionD.only if【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项on occasion“有时;偶尔”;B选项on purpose“有目的地,故意地”;C选项on condition“只要”;D选项only if“只要就”,引导从句的时候,一般不接that。由本句后半句“that he paid me back the following week”(他下周还给我)可知这是前者借钱的一个条件,“只要”符合此处的语境。句意:他要我借给他一些钱,只要他下周能还给我,我就借给他。因此C选项正确。18. 单选题Light is less vital to animals than it is to plants; ( ) most animals tend to shun the light rather than to welcome it.问题1选项A.for instanceB.indeedC.that isD.therefore【答案】B【解析】考查副词和词组辨析。A选项for instance“例如”;B选项 indeed“的确;事实上;甚至”;C选项that is“即;就是说;换言之”;D选项therefore“因此;所以”。句意:光对动物的重要性不如对植物;事实上,大多数动物倾向于回避光明,而不是欢迎它。空格后的内容“most animals tend to shun the light rather than to welcome it大多数动物倾向于避开光明而不是欢迎它”是对空格前句子的进一步说明,因此“事实上”符合语境,因此B选项正确。19. 单选题The severance of church and state is a basic principle of our government.问题1选项A.integrationB.discriminationC.separationD.exposition【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。severance“分离;断绝;隔离”;A选项integration“集成;整合”;B选项discrimination“歧视;区别,辨别”;C选项separations“分开;间隔”;D选项exposition“博览会;阐述;展览会”。句意:政教分离是我国政府的一项基本原则。severance在这里是“分离”的意思,因此C选项正确。20. 不定项选择题Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children are ready to take on formal learning. Educators find that (71) toddlers are most likely to succeed during their school careers, (72) their younger counterparts are more likely to (73). Kindergarten children who turn five during the (74) half of the year seem to be at a disadvantage when it (75) physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development. Additionally, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten (76) to receive better grades and score higher on achievement (77) throughout their schooling experience (78) do those who begin kindergarten having just turned five. Being bright and verbally skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the (79) thing. It is easy to confuse the superficial poise and sophistication of many of todays children (80) inner maturity. Indeed, evidence suggests that early schooling boomerangs: youngsters (81) parents push them to attain academic success in preschool are less creative, have (82) anxiety about tests, and, by the end of kindergarten, fall to maintain their initial academic advantage (83) their less-pressured peers.Many psychologist and educators remain skeptical of approaches that place 4-year-olds in a formal educational setting. They question (84) environmental enrichment can significantly alter the built-in developmental timetable of a child reared in a non-disadvantages home. They do not deny, however, the (85) of day-care centers and nursery schools that provide a homelike environment and allow children (86) freedom to play, develop at their own (87), and evolve their social skills. But they point out that many of the things children once did in first grade are now (88) of them in kindergarten, and they worry lest more and more will now be asked of 4-year-olds. These psychologists and educators believe we are driving young children too (89) and thereby depriving them of their(90).问题1选项A.olderB.tallerC.strongerD.smarter问题2选项A.sinceB.now thatC.therebyD.whereas问题3选项A.fallB.failC.fleeD.fear问题4选项A.lateB.laterC.latestD.latter问题5选项A.lies inB.deals withC.comes toD.calls for问题6选项A.helpB.wantC.tendD.prefer问题7选项A.testsB.trialsC.performanceD.competition问题8选项A.thatB.whichC.thenD.than问题9选项A.easyB.hardC.sameD.similar问题10选项A.forB.againstC.withD.towards问题11选项A.andB.withC.thoseD.whose问题12选项A.muchB.moreC.manyD.most问题13选项A.toB.againstC.overD.than问题14选项A.howB.thatC.whyD.whether问题15选项A.valueB.powerC.considerationD.responsibility问题16选项A.possibleB.reasonableC.imaginableD.considerable问题17选项A.wayB.caseC.paceD.means问题18选项A.thoughtB.remindedC.expectedD.regarded问题19选项A.wellB.hardC.badlyD.directly问题20选项A.memoryB.childhoodC.ambitionsD.simplicity【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C第6题:C第7题:A第8题:D第9题:C第10题:C第11题:D第12题:B第13题:C第14题:D第15题:A第16题:D第17题:C第18题:C第19题:B第20题:D【解析】第1题:考查逻辑关系。A选项older“更年长的”;B选项taller“更高的”;C选项stronger “更强壮的”;D选项smarter“更聪明的;更精明的”。句意:教育家们发现,学步的大龄儿童在他们的学校生涯中最有可能取得成功,而他们的年轻同行则更有可能失败。因此A选项正确。第2题:考查逻辑关系。A选项since“因为;自以来”;B选项now that“既然;由于”;C选项thereby“从而,因此;在那附近”;D选项whereas“然而”。句意:教育家们发现,学步的大龄儿童在他们的学校生涯中最有可能取得成功,而他们的年轻同行则更有可能失败。空格前后是表示转折的对比关系,因此D选项正确。第3题:考查逻辑关系。A选项fall“落下;跌倒”;B选项fail“失败”;C选项flee“逃走;消失”;D选项fear“害怕;恐惧”。句意:教育家们发现,学步的大龄儿童在他们的学校生涯中最有可能取得成功,而他们的年轻同行则更有可能失败。由关键词“succeed成功”可知这里指“失败”,因此B选项正确。第4题:考查逻辑关系。A选项late“晚的;已故的;最近的”;B选项later“更迟的;更后的”;C选项latest“最新的;最迟的,最后的”;D选项latter“后面的”。句意:在今年下半年满5岁的幼儿园孩子在身体、情感、社交和智力发展方面似乎处于不利地位。因此D选项正确。第5题:考查逻辑关系。A选项lie in“在于”;B选项deal with“处理”;C选项come to“谈到”;D选项call for“要求;提倡;邀请”。句意:在今年下半年满5岁的幼儿园孩子在身体、情感、社交和智力发展方面似乎处于不利地位。由空格前“when it”的提示可知这里指“when it come to当提到;就而论”,因此C选项正确。第6题:考查逻辑关系。A选项help“帮助;促进”;B选项want“需要;希望”;C选项tend “倾向”;D选项prefer“更喜欢;宁愿”。句意:此外,在进入幼儿园时接近6岁的孩子在整个学习过程中往往比那些刚满5岁才开始上幼儿园的孩子取得更好的成绩,在成就测试中得分也更高。这里是指一种倾向性,因此C选项正确。第7题:考查逻辑关系。A选项test“测试”;B选项trial“试验;审讯”;C选项performance “性能;表现”;D选项competition“竞争;竞赛”。句意:此外,在进入幼儿园时接近6岁的孩子在整个学习过程中往往比那些刚满5岁才开始上幼儿园的孩子取得更好的成绩,在成就测试中得分也更高。由“grades分数”可知这里指“测试”,因此A选项正确。第8题:考查语法。句意:此外,在进入幼儿园时接近6岁的孩子在整个学习过程中往往比那些刚满5岁才开始上幼儿园的孩子取得更好的成绩,在成就测试中得分也更高。than引导的比较结构,前后进行比较,因此D选项正确。第9题:考查词义辨析。A选项easy“容易的;舒适的”;B选项hard“努力的;困难的;辛苦的”;C选项same“相同的;同一的”;D选项similar“相似的”。句意:聪明、语言熟练和准备好上学似乎不是同一件事。因此C选项正确。第10题:考查固定搭配。句意:人们很容易把当今许多孩子表面上的自信和老练与内心的成熟混为一谈。confuse sth. with sth.“将某事与某事混淆”为固定搭配,因此C选项正确。第11题:考查语法。句意:如果父母强迫孩子在学前班取得学业上的成功,他们的创造力就会降低。whose引导后置定语从句,因此D选项正确。第12题:考查逻辑关系。A选项much“大量的”;B选项more“更多的”;C选项many“许多的”;D选项most“大部分的,多数的;最多的”。句意:父母强迫孩子在学前班取得学业上的成功,这些孩子的创造力较低,对考试更焦虑。而且,到幼儿园结束时,与压力较小的同龄人相比,他们无法保持最初的学业优势。与前面的“less creative更少有创造性”相对应,因此B选项正确。第13题:考查固定搭配。句意:父母强迫孩子在学前班取得学业上的成功,这些孩子的创造力较低,对考试更焦虑。而且,到幼儿园结束时,与压力较小的同龄人相比,他们无法保持最初的学业优势。maintain advantages over sb.“保持比某人有优势”为固定搭配,因此C选项正确。第14题:考查逻辑关系。句意:他们质疑丰富的环境是否能显著改变一个在非劣势家庭中长大的孩子的内在发展时间表。根据句意可知这里表示怀疑态度,因此D选项正确。第15题:考查词义辨析。A选项value“价值;价格;重要性”;B选项power“力量,能力;电力,功率;政权,势力”;C选项consideration“考虑;关心”;D选项responsibility“责任,职责;义务”。句意:然而,他们并不否认日托中心和幼儿园的价值,因为它们提供了一个像家一样的环境,并允许孩子们有相当大的玩耍自由。因此A选项正确。第16题:考查同义辨析。A选项possible“可能的;合适的”;B选项reasonable“合理的;通情达理的”;C选项imaginable“可能的;可想象的”;D选项considerable“相当大的;重要的,值得考虑的”。句意:然而,他们并不否认日托中心和幼儿园的价值,因为它们提供了一个像家一样的环境,并允许孩子们有相当大的玩耍自由。因此D选项正确。第17题:考查词义辨析。A选项way“方法;道路;方向”;B选项case“情况;实例”;C选项pace“步速;步伐;速度”;D选项means“手段;方法;财产”。句意:按照他们自己的速度发展。因此C选项正确。第18题:考查逻辑关系。A选项think“想;认为”;B选项remind“提醒;使想起”;C选项expect“期望;指望;认为;预料”;D选项regard“注重,考虑;看待;尊敬;把看作”。句意:但他们指出,孩子们曾经在一年级做过的许多事情,现在都被要求在幼儿园做,他们担心现在会有越来越多的4岁孩子被要求做这些事情。sth. be expected of sb.“期望某人做某事”,因此C选项正确。第19题:考查固定搭配。A选项well“良好的;健康的”;B选项hard“努力的;困难的;严厉的;猛烈的”;C选项badly“非常,很;严重地”;D选项directly“直接地;立即”。句意:这些心理学家和教育家认为,我们对孩子的要求太高,从而剥夺了他们的童年。drive sb. too hard“逼得某人太过分”为固定搭配,因此B选项正确。第20题:考查词义辨析。A选项memory“记忆;内存,存储器”;B选项childhood“童年时期;幼年时代”;C选项ambition“野心,雄心;抱负,志向”;D选项simplicity“朴素;简易;天真”。句意:这些心理学家和教育家认为,我们对孩子的要求太高,从而剥夺了他们的童年。因此B选项正确。
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