2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷74

2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题We are sorry to inform you that the shipment is not（ ）the standard in the contract.问题1选项A.due toB.according toC.prior toD.up to【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项due to“由于，归功于”，B选项according to “根据按照”，C选项prior to“在.之前，先于”，D选项up to“直到，胜任”。句意：我们很抱歉地通知你方所装运的货物不符合合同规定的标准。D选项符合句意。2. 单选题Signs warned that the trail was（ ）even in good weather conditions, so only experienced and well-equipped hikers should attempt it.问题1选项A.affluentB.wholesomeC.treacherousD.incurable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项affluent“丰富的”；B选项wholesome“健全的”；C选项treacherous“危险的”；D选项incurable“不能治愈的”。句意：指示牌上写着，即使在天气条件好的情况下，这条小路也是危险的，所以只有经验丰富、装备精良的徒步旅行者才能尝试。本句表示小路很危险。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题The temperature of the atmosphere becomes colder as elevation increases.问题1选项A.altitudeB.aptitudeC.latitudeD.longitude【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项altitude“海拔”；B选项aptitude“天资”；C选项latitude“纬度”；D选项longitude“经度”。句意：海拔越高，大气温度越低。划线部分elevation是海拔的意思。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题The machine needs a complete（ ）since it has been in use for over ten years.问题1选项A.amendingB.fittingC.mendingD.renovating【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项amending（amend的现在分词形式）“修改”；B选项fitting“配件，安装”；C选项mending“修补”；D选项renovating“更新，修补”。根据句意可知，这个机器用了十几年，应该是需要修理，所以首先排除选项A和选项B；C选项mending多指修理机器，D选项多指翻新房屋建筑等，所以选项C更恰当。5. 单选题The athlete has been accused of（ ）his performance with illegal drugs, but he firmly denies the charges.问题1选项A.enhancingB.tenderingC.dilutingD.dispensing【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项enhancing“提高”；B选项tendering“提议”；C选项diluting“稀释”；D选项dispensing“配发”。句意：这位运动员被指控使用违禁药物提高成绩，但他坚决否认这些指控。本句表示提高成绩。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a babys life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes may not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye which is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus ones gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of ones conversation partner”.The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker re-establishes eye contact: If they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.1. The author is convinced that the eyes are（ ）.2.Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person（ ）.3.According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to（ ）.4.To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants（ ）.问题1选项A.of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideasB.something through which one can see a persons inner worldC.of considerable significance in making conversations interestingD.something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate问题2选项A.whose front view is fully perceivedB.whose face is covered with a maskC.whose face is seen from the sideD.whose face is free of any covering.问题3选项A.one temporarily glancing away from the otherB.eye contact of more than one secondC.improperly-timed ceasing of eye contactD.constant adjustment of eye contact问题4选项A.not to wear dark spectaclesB.not to make any interruptionsC.not to glance away from each otherD.not to make unpredictable pauses【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第一段首句“Whether the eyes are the windows of the soul is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact.” 眼睛是不是“心灵的窗户”是有争议的;它们在人际交往中非常重要，这是一个事实。A选项“在表达感情和交换思想方面是极为重要的”，B选项“可以看到一个人内心世界的东西”，C选项“在使谈话变得有趣方面具有相当重要的意义”，D选项“它的价值在很大程度上是一个长期争论的问题”。因此，A选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文，“Significantly, a real human face with eyes may not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye which is presented in profile.”值得注意的是，一张有眼睛的真实的人脸可能不会让人发笑，而只看到一只眼睛的侧面也不会让人发笑。A选项“正面被完全感知”，B选项“脸上戴着面具”，C选项“从侧面看脸”，D选项“脸部没有任何遮盖物”。因此，C选项符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文“If they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation.”如果对方没看，说话者就会认为对方不感兴趣，就会停下来等对方继续看他，或者终止谈话。A选项“一个人暂时把目光从另一个人身上移开”，B选项“眼神交流超过一秒”，C选项“不合时宜地停止眼神接触”，D选项“不断调整眼神接触”。因此，C选项符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文的最后一段的最后一句，“Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.”当两个说话的人都戴着墨镜时，就会清楚地看到这种眼动对保持谈话顺畅有多么重要:谈话中可能会出现由于打断、错误的开始和不可预知的停顿而造成的语塞，A选项“不要戴黑眼镜”，B选项“不要打岔”，C选项“不要把目光从对方身上移开”，D选项“不要出人意料地停顿”。因此，C选项符合题意。7. 单选题There are faults which age releases us from, and there are virtues which turn to vices with the lapse of years. The worst of these is thrift, which in early and middle life is wisdom and duty to practice for a provision against destitution. As time goes on this virtue is apt to turn into the ugliest, cruelest, shabbiest of the vices. Then the victim of it finds himself storing past all probable need of saving for himself or those next him, to the deprivation of the remoter kin of the race. In the earlier time when gain was symbolized by gold or silver, the miser had a sensual joy in the touch of his riches, in hearing the coins clink in their fall through his fingers and in gloating upon their increase sensible to the hand and eye. Then the miser had his place among the great figures of misdoing; he was of a dramatic effect, like a murderer or a robber and something of this bad distinction clung to him even when his coins had changed to paper currency, the clean, white notes of the only English bank, or the greenbacks, of our innumerable banks of issue; but when the sense of riches had been transmuted to the balance in his favor at his bankers, or the bonds in his drawer at the safety-deposit vault, all splendor had gone out of his vice. His bad eminence was gone, but he clung to the lust of gain which had ranked him with the picturesque wrong-doers, and which only ruin from without could save him from, unless he gave his remnant of strength to saving himself from it. Most aging men are sensible of all this, but few have the frankness of that aging man who once said that he who died rich died disgraced, and died the other day in the comparative poverty of fifty millions.1. This short passage is mainly to tell that（ ）.2.According to the passage, one is thought vicious when he（ ）.3.The italicized expression “gloating upon” probably means（ ）.4.The words “in the comparative poverty of fifty millions” at the end of the passage suggests a notion that（ ）.问题1选项A.man becomes increasingly greedy when getting oldB.a miser can be honest if he does no wrong actC.age can help convert some virtue into viceD.misers all started from trying to be thrifty问题2选项A.gathers up money at the sacrifice of all his family membersB.practices endless thrifty to guard his people from povertyC.stores continuously for his own and his relatives needsD.saves too much but wouldnt spend it for the necessary问题3选项A.thinking with slight guiltB.seeing with much satisfactionC.touching with great aweD.hearing with little delight问题4选项A.stinginess may cause a very rich man to die very pitifulB.rich people may still take 50 million as comparative littleC.one remains discontent with all he has gained until his deathD.the rich are inconsiderate of the majority that live in poverty【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章的中心句是第一句There are faults which age releases us from, and there are virtues which turn to vices with the lapse of years.（有些缺点会随着年龄的增长而消失，有些美德会随着岁月的流逝而变成恶习。），接着文章以节俭为例说明主题。因此C选项“年龄可以使美德变为邪恶”正确。A选项“人越老越贪婪”和原文随着岁月的流逝节俭变成恶习的意思混淆，所以A错误。B选项“如果守财奴没有做错事，他也可以是诚实的”在文中没有提及，所以B错误。D选项“吝啬鬼都是从努力节俭开始的”是文中的一个细节，不能概括文章主旨，所以D错误。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第四句Then the victim of it finds himself storing past all probable need of saving for himself or those next him, to the deprivation of the remoter kin of the race.（有这种陋习的人发现他们自己不断地储存，致使其他远亲们一无所获。），说明被视为罪恶的原因是只顾自己积蓄，不帮助其他远亲。因此D选项“储蓄太多，但不愿花在必要的地方”正确。A选项“牺牲所有的家庭成员来攒钱”，B选项“孜孜不倦地节俭以保护他的人民免受贫困”，C选项“不断地储存以满足自己和亲戚的需要”均不是被视为罪恶的原因，所以A，B，C错误。3.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第五句In the earlier time when gain was symbolized by gold or silver, the miser had a sensual joy in the touch of his riches, in hearing the coins clink in their fall through his fingers and in gloating upon their increase sensible to the hand and eye.（在早期，财富是以金或银作为象征的，当守财奴接触到自己的财富时，听到硬币从他的手指间叮当作响地掉下时，就会感到一种感官上的快乐，而且还会因为硬币的增加而沾沾自喜。），说明“gloating upon”在这里的意思是满意地看到自己的财富增加。因此B选项“满意地看到”正确。A选项“带着轻微的负罪感思考”，C选项“充满敬畏地触摸”，D选项“听着不太高兴”不符合原文的意思，所以A，C，D错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一句Most aging men are sensible of all this, but few have the frankness of that aging man who once said that he who died rich died disgraced, and died the other day in the comparative poverty of fifty millions.（大多数上了年纪的人都明白吝啬的下场，但是没几个人像那位老人一样坦率地说过，富人死得并不体面，他死时虽然有五千万的财富，但相对来说，他精神上是十分贫困的。），说明这句话暗示的内容是虽然吝啬的人可能会非常富有，但他们死去时的处境也是很可怜的。因此A选项“吝啬可能会使一个非常富有的人死得很可怜”正确。B选项“富人可能仍然觉得五千万很少”，C选项“一个人直到死前都不满足于他所得到的一切”，D选项“富人不考虑大多数生活在贫困中的人”的说法均太笼统，所以B，C，D错误。8. 单选题Although it was his first experience as chairman, he（ ）over the meeting with great skill.问题1选项A.presidedB.administeredC.masteredD.executed【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项presided“主持”；B选项administered“管理”；C选项mastered“支配”；D选项executed“实行”。句意：虽然这是他第一次当主席，但他还是娴熟地主持了这次会议。本句表示主持会议，只有presided才能与over搭配。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题The wooden cases must be secured by overall metal strapping so that they can be strong enough to stand rough handling during（ ）.问题1选项A.transitB.motionC.shiftD.traffic【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项transit“搬运”；B选项motion“运动”；C选项shift“转移”；D选项traffic“交通”。句意：木箱必须用整体金属带固定，这样才能保证木箱在运输过程中足够坚固，经得起粗暴的搬运。本句表示木箱的搬运过程，因此A选项正确。10. 单选题He raised his eyebrows and stuck his head forward and（ ）it in a single nod, a gesture boys used then for O.K. when they were pleased.问题1选项A.shruggedB.tuggedC.jerkedD.twisted【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项shrugged“耸肩”；B选项tugged“用力拖，拉”；C选项jerked“使猝然一动，猛拉”；D选项twisted“使缠绕”。句意：他扬起眉毛，把头向前探了探，猛地点了点头，这是当时男孩们高兴时用来表示“OK”的手势。本句表示猛地点了点头，因此C选项正确。11. 翻译题Modern science, particularly physics, is being forced, under pressure of its own advances, to acknowledge that the truths it offers are true not in an absolute but in a poetic sense, that its laws are contingent, that its facts are a kind of metaphor. Of course, art and science are fundamentally different in their methods, and in their ends. The doing of science involves a level of rigor unattainable to art. A scientific hypothesis can be proven or, perhaps more importantly, disproven but a poem, a picture, or a piece of music, cannot. Yet in their origins art and science are remarkably similar.【答案】现代科学，尤其是物理学，在自身进步的压力下，被迫承认它所提供的真理不是绝对的，而是诗意的，它的规律是偶然的，它的事实是一种隐喻。当然，艺术和科学在方法上、在目的上是根本不同的。科学所涉及的严格程度是艺术所无法企及的。一个科学假设可以被证明或者，也许更重要的是，被否定但一首诗、一幅画或一首音乐却不能。然而，艺术和科学在其起源上是非常相似的。12. 单选题Many young people involved in forced marriages have to face a（ ）, that is, they love their parents but they also want to pursue true love.问题1选项A.dilemmaB.confrontationC.doctrineD.conflict【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项dilemma“进退两难”，B选项confrontation “争执，对抗”，C选项doctrine“教义，学说，信条”，D选项conflict“争执，分歧”，句意:许多卷入逼婚的年轻人不得不面对一个两难的境地，即他们爱父母，但也想追求真爱。因此，A选项符合句意。13. 翻译题1. 科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严肃解释的表达方式。（3）2. 按照Sveiby的观点来看，既然知识是个无形的关键资产，将知识从一个员工传递给另一个员工，或者从外部资源传递给员工的能力就是企业的一个重要能力。（4）3. 就像因事故而堵在晚间高峰路上发怒的司机一样，如果网页打开很慢或者不能很快进入网页时，上网的人就会坐立不安。（4）4. 正是这个信息系统影响着人们医疗保健的范围和质量，它使社会服务更加公正，它提高了个人的舒适度，为安全和自由行动采取更多的措施。（4）【答案】1. The method of scientific research is nothing more than a necessary expression of the activity of the human mind, that is, an expression that contemplates and gives a precise and serious explanation of all phenomena.2. From Sveibys point of view, since knowledge is a key intangible asset, the ability to transfer knowledge from one employee to another, or from external resources to employees, is an important capability of an enterprise.3. Like a driver stuck in an accident and fuming on the evening rush hour road, people who surf the Internet can get fidgety if the page opens slowly or they cant get to it quickly enough.4. It is this information system that influences the scope and quality of peoples health care, it makes social services more just, it increases the comfort of individuals and takes more measures for safety and free movement.14. 单选题It was a bold idea to build a power station in the deep valley, but it（ ）as well as we had hoped.问题1选项A.came offB.went offC.brought outD.made out【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项come off“成功，实现”；B选项go off“离开，变质”；C选项bring out“出版，生产”；D选项make out“辨认出，理解”。根据句意：在深谷里建发电站是个大胆的想法，但结果与我们原来所希望的一样。也就说，这个想法得到实现，所以选项A符合语境。15. 单选题David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much（ ）to who compete well.问题1选项A.prestigeB.regimeC.superiorityD.legislation【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项prestige“威信”；B选项regime“政体”；C选项superiority“优越”；D选项legislation“立法”。句意：在这样一个给予强者显赫声望的社会里，大卫觉得自己无用，不被社会需要。本句表示强者获得威望。因此A选项正确。16. 单选题There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from sending a few hours a week with some charitable organization to practically full-time work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) for young people before they take up full-time employment,（1）there are opportunities for overseas service for qualified technicians in developing countries. Some people, （2）those who retire early, offer their technical and business skills in countries（3）there is a special need.So in considering voluntary or paid community service, there are more opportunities than there（4）were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small full-time staff, and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from those in commercial organizations, and values may be different. In some ways they may seem more（5）and less efficient, but one should not judge them by commercial（6）.The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different objectives, both personal and organizational. One should not join them（7）to arm them with professional expertise; they must be joined with commitment to the cause, not business（8）Because salaries are small or non-existent many voluntary bodies offer modest expenses. But many retired people take part in community service for（9）， simply because they enjoy the work.Many community activities possible in retirement were also possible during ones working life but they are to be undertaken no less seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should not consider（10）community service.问题1选项A.asB.soC.thenD.that问题2选项A.passionatelyB.partiallyC.particularlyD.peculiarly问题3选项A.whichB.whereC.asD.that问题4选项A.everB.beforeC.neverD.lately问题5选项A.casualB.formaC.activeD.usual问题6选项A.valueB.normC.criteriaD.perspective问题7选项A.expectingB.to expectC.being expectedD.expected问题8选项A.effectB.sufficiencyC.deficiencyD.efficiency问题9选项A.freeB.freedomC.healthD.salary问题10选项A.to be takenB.to takeC.being takenD.taking【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A第6题:C第7题:A第8题:D第9题:A第10题:C【解析】1.本题考查连词的用法。本句意为:“正如年轻人在参加全职工作前有机会参加海外志愿服务一样,发展中国家的合格技术人员也有机会参加海外服务。”just asso”意为也，因此，B选项为正确答案。2.本题考查副词的用法。根据句意，“一些人，尤其是那些退休早的人”，空格所在句子的前后均是逗号，并且紧跟在主语的后面，因此后面的应该加上表示更进一步的副词， A选项passionately“热情地，强烈地”，B选项partially“部分地，偏袒地”， C选项particularly“特别地，尤其地”，D选项peculiarly“特殊地，奇怪地”，因此，C选项为正确答案。3.本题考查关系副词的用法。countries ,表示地点, where用于表示地点，放在地点之后,意为“在那;该处”,句意：在有特殊需要的国家提供他们的技术和商业技能。根据空格前的countries，可知此处缺少一个表示地点的副词，引导一个定语从句，因此，B 选项为正确答案。4.本题考查副词辨析。此处是一个more than的比较结构,现在和以前做比较，因此此句缺少的是一个表示过去状况的时间副词。A选项ever“曾经”，B选项before“以前”，C选项never“决不“，D选项lately“近来”，before作副词需要放在动词后，lately和never都不符合与过去时态之间的逻辑关系，本句意为“所以在考虑义务或付费的社区服务时,现在比一个人刚开始工作时有更多的机会。”5.本题考查形容词的用法。A选项casual“随便的，疏忽的”， B选项forma“植物型，变型”，C选项active“忙碌的，活跃的”， D选项usual“通常的，惯例的”,此空的后面有个less efficient，并列成分，因此应该是more casual，来表达同一个意思，与之相对应，句意：在某些方面，他们可能看起来更随意，效率更低。因此，A选项为正确答案。6.本题考查名词用法。根据judge可以得出，后面应该是有一个评判的标准，才可以去根据这个标准做出判断，A选项value“价值，益处”，B选项norm“准则，惯例” ，C选项criteria“标准”，D选项perspective“态度，观点”，因此，C选项为正确答案。7.本题考查动词+ ing作宾语补足语的用法。此句中them和they指代的都是志愿者组织的全职员工，join them后面所跟的部分为伴随状语，故应使用动词的现在分词形式。因此，A选项为正确答案。8.本题考查名词用法。A选项effect“影响，结果，效应”，B选项sufficiency“足量，充足”，C选项deficiency“缺点，缺陷”，D选项efficiency“效率，功效”，该空前面一句话说的是人们不应该加入他们指望用专业知识武装他们;之后有提到必须结合对事业的承诺，而不是什么，那么也就是前文所提到的用专业知识所获取的商业的效率。因此，D选项为正确答案。9.本题考查词汇的固定搭配。A选项free“自由的，免费的”，B选项freedom“自由”，C选项health“健康”，D选项salary“薪资”，由上下文可知，他们选择做这项工作只是因为他们喜欢，因此可以推断他们不要求报酬，无偿参加社区服务的工作，for free表示“无偿的”。因此，A选项为正确答案。10.本题考查非谓语动词。consider要求后面动词用ing形式,作宾语。句意：那些只是想在退休之后寻找一些新鲜事情做的人并不应该考虑做社区服务。因此，C选项为正确答案。17. 单选题I waited until he had（ ）before I told him I was leaving and headed for the front door.问题1选项A.handed downB.calmed downC.turned downD.tracked down【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项handed down“把.传给，流传下来”，B选项calmed down“冷静，平静”，C选项turned down“拒绝，调低”，D选项tracked down“追捕，查出”，句意：我一直等到他平静下来，才告诉他我要离开并朝前门走去。因此，B选项符合句意。18. 单选题The old man（ ）defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion which enabled him to win the respect of all people.问题1选项A.peculiarlyB.indifferentlyC.vigorouslyD.inevitably【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项peculiarly“尤其地”；B选项indifferently“冷淡地”；C选项vigorously“积极地”；D选项inevitably“不可避免地”。句意：老人积极地捍卫了每个公民选择宗教自由的权利，这使他赢得了所有人的尊重。本句表示积极地捍卫权利。因此C选项正确。19. 单选题（ ）for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.问题1选项A.Had it not beenB.Were it notC.Be it notD.Should it not be【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气的倒装。句意：要不是公众及时投资，我们公司就不会像现在这样繁荣。由此可知，主句和从句发生的时间不一致，主句是对现在的虚拟，所以用would+动词原形；从句是对过去的虚拟，投资发生在公司繁荣之前，所以应使用过去完成时，即had+过去分词。虚拟条件句中如果含有助动词should、had和were，可以将if 省略，将助动词提前。这里还原应该是“If it had not been for the timely investment