2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第56期

2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 翻译题Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate societys power of choice. We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat. drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.【答案】听戏剧无疑是昂贵的消费。但除非我们放弃社会赋予的选择权，否则昂贵的东西也并非富人专属。我们可以选择让那些无支付能力的人享有戏剧及其他形式的昂贵文化。但问题是，我们为什么要那样做？谁都不会否认，食物、居住、安全、健康和教育是必不可少的。但即使是在史前的洞穴里，人类伸出手来也并不只是为了吃、喝或打斗，也可能是为了涂涂画画。文化冲动，即通过想象和表征来表达、探索世界的欲望，是人类的基本特点。在欧洲，这种渴望已经在音乐、绘画、文学和戏剧的杰作中得以实现。这些杰作是衡量我们一切努力的标准，也是人类思想和想象力可能达到的高度。它们包含着人与人之间能够传递的最深刻的信息。2. 单选题The Browns lived in a（ ）and comfortably furnished house in the suburbs.问题1选项A.confessB.sufficientC.wideD.wretched【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：布朗一家住在郊区宽敞而且设施齐全的房子里。Confess “忏悔”，动词；sufficient “足够的”；wide “宽敞的”；wretched “可怜的”。根据句意，选项C符合题意。3. 单选题He lived in a（ ） house, and for this reason he was easily accepted into his money-worshiping society.问题1选项A.shabbyB.raggedC.dingyD.decent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他住在一栋很体面的房子里，也因为这样他很快就被金钱至上的社会所接纳。shabby “破旧的”；ragged “粗糙的”；dingy “昏暗的”；decent “体面的”。根据句意，选项D符合题意。4. 单选题The most familiar headache comes from（ ）tightness in the back, head and neck, which might be caused in turn by exertion, or worry or stress.问题1选项A.monopolyB.muscleC.murmurD.monster【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最常见的头痛来自于后背、头部和脖子处的肌肉紧张，这些可能是由过度工作、担忧和压力造成的。Monopoly “垄断”；muscle “肌肉”；murmur “低语”；monster “怪物”。根据句意，选项B符合题意。5. 单选题（ ）is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.问题1选项A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It【答案】D【解析】考查形式主语的用法。本句缺少主语。that引导了一个完整的句子，由此可知句首只需要一个形式主语。四个选项中只有D选项it可充当形式主语。句意：英语正在被接受为一种国际语言，这是一个事实。6. 单选题Doctors are researching the health benefits of red wine, specifically the apparently wondrous powers of resveratrol, a polyphenol that is found in the skin of grapes and is thought to prevent illness and promote longevity. This wasnt the first time trumpeting the virtues of red wine; in 1991, it called attention to the so-called French Paradox, which assumed that the low rate of heart disease in France, despite a national diet gloriously abundant in rich foods, was due to the countrys huge consumption of red wine, That report fanned an obsessive interest in the nutritional and therapeutic properties of wine. This seems to be a particularly American fixation, and it raises an intriguing question: Why are we-Americans-so anxious to find justifications for drinking wine beyond the fact that it tastes good and we like it?Obviously, scientists arent investigating wines physiological impact because they are camouflage for the wine industry and want to encourage Americans to drink; the research is being pursued and the results disseminated because it appears that there really is a link between red wine and well-being. It is now widely recognized that moderate red wine consumption-generally defined ad one or two 5-ounce glasses a day for women and two or three for men, drunk with food-increases HDL cholesterol. The “good” cholesterol that remover fatty deposits from arteries. In addition, scientists have determined that the flavonoids in red wine have an anticoagulant effect that can help prevent blood clots leading to heart attacks.Resveratrol is also said to have a role in preventing clots and is believed to inhibit the production of LDL cholesterol-the bad kind. Resveratrol seems to be the omnipotent ingredient in red wine-a “vascular pipe-cleaner,” as Dr. Christoph Westphal and Harvard biochemist David Sinclair put it, whose research suggests that resveratrol can delay the aging process and prevent many gerontological diseases. A few years ago, scientists reported that resveratrol may discourage the onset of one such illness, Alzheimer. It is also claimed that this antioxidant can boost stamina, reduce lung inflammation stemming from chronic pulmonary disease, and help prevent cancer. In the fall of 2008, University of Pittsburgh scientists even reported that resveratrol might offer some protection against radiation poisoning.1.The author refers to the “French Paradox” (Line 4, Para 1) in order to（ ）.2.The last sentence in Paragraph 1 implies（ ）.3.The authors purpose is to（ ）.4.In the last paragraph, “Alzheime” is stated as an example of（ ）.问题1选项A.explain all former studies have failed to discover the medical function of red wineB.give more information on a newly-found scientific discovery of red wineC.advocate further study should be conducted on the national diet of FranceD.show its hard to decide whether red wine results in lower heart disease rate in France问题2选项A.Americans are always curious to find out scientific evidence for their dietB.as long as we like the flavor of wine, we can just go ahead to have moreC.Americans have for long had a very strong interest in raising questionsD.people can continue drinking red wine regardless of its taste and effect问题3选项A.narrateB.instructC.criticizeD.explain问题4选项A.the aging processB.chronic pulmonary diseaseC.gerontological diseaseD.radiation poisoning【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C【解析】1.细节题。题目提问作者提到(第4行，第1段) “法国悖论”是为了。根据第一段第二句中的 “This wasnt the first time trumpeting the virtues of red wine; in 1991, it called attention to the so-called French Paradox. 这已经不是第一次鼓吹红酒的好处了，1991年呼吁人们注意所谓法国悖论就是其中的一次。”确定B选项为关于红酒的新科学发现提供更多信息正确。2.推断题。题目提问第1段的最后一句意味着。根据第段最后一句“This seems to be a particularly American fixation, and it raises an intriguing question: Why are we-Americans-so anxious to find justifications for drinking wine beyond the fact that it tastes good and we like it? 这似乎是一种特别的美国情结，它提出了一个耐人寻味的问题：为什么我们美国人如此渴望找到喝酒的理由，而不只是因为它味道好，而且我们喜欢它?”确定这里作者想说的是“想喝酒就喝吧，不要找其它理由”，所以B选项只要酒的味道是我们喜欢的，我们就可以直接多喝些正确。3.推断题。题目提问作者的目的是。根据文中由第一段第二句中的“This wasnt the first time trumpeting the virtues of red wine.这不是第一次鼓吹红酒的好处。”中的trumpeting （鼓吹）以及第段最后一句“This seems to be a particularly American fixation, and it raises an intriguing question: Why are we-Americans-so anxious to find justifications for drinking wine beyond the fact that it tastes good and we like it? 这似乎是一种特别的美国情结，它提出了一个耐人寻味的问题：为什么我们美国人如此渴望找到喝酒的理由，而不只是因为它味道好，而且我们喜欢它?”可以确定作者的态度是带有批评意味的，C选项正确。4.推断题。题目提问在最后一段，“阿尔茨海默病”是作为一个例子。根据最后一段第一句中的“whose research suggests that resveratrol can delay the aging process and prevent many gerontological diseases. 研究表明白藜芦醇可以延缓衰老过程，预防许多老年疾病。” 与第二句中的 “A few years ago, scientists reported that resveratrol may discourage the onset of one such illness. 几年前，科学家报告说，白藜芦醇可能会阻止这种疾病的发生.” 两句的关系（前面提出与后面证明）确定第二句中的one such illness （Alzheimer）与第一句中的 many gerontological diseases 是相互对应的，所以C选项正确。7. 单选题We dont（ ）any difficulties in completing the project so long as we keep within our budget.问题1选项A.foreseeB.fabricateC.inferD.inhibit【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项foresee“预见；预知”；B选项fabricate“制造；伪造；装配”；C选项infer“推断；推论”；D选项inhibit“抑制；禁止”。句意：只要我们不超出预算，我们就无法完成这个项目就没有什么困难。完成项目的困难在于预算不够，不超预算则不应有困难，也就是现在“看不到有什么困难”，因此A选项正确。8. 单选题His illness first（ ）itself as severe stomach pains and headaches.问题1选项A.expressedB.manifestedC.reflectedD.displayed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项express“表达；快递”；B选项manifest“表明；（病症）显现”；C选项reflect“反映；反射”；D选项display“显示；表现”。句意：他的病最初为严重的胃痛和头痛。与“病症”相关的“表现症状”只有B选项符合。9. 单选题After youve started to master the techniques, the real struggle is just beginning. Its（ ）that makes you great.问题1选项A.persistenceB.insistenceC.continuationD.mentality【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你开始掌握技术后，真正的斗争才开始。让你变得伟大的是坚持。persistence “坚持不懈”；insistence “坚持，强调”；continuation “继续”；mentality “心态”。根据句意，选项A符合题意。10. 填空题Most parents, I suppose, have had the experience of reading a bedtime story to their（1）.And they must have（2） how difficult it is to write a good childrens book. Either the author has aimed too（3） , so that the children cant follow what is in his (or more often, her) story,（4） the story seems to be talking to the readers.The best childrens books are neither very difficult nor very simple, and satisfy both the children who（5） the story and the adult who（6） it. Unfortunately, there are in fact（7） books like this, so the problem of finding the right bedtime story is not（8） to solve. This may be why many of books regarded as works of childrens literature were in fact written for（9） . “Alices Adventure in Wonderland” is perhaps the most obvious of this. Children, left for themselves, often（10） the worst possible interest in literature. Just leave a child in bookshop or（11） and he will more willingly choose the books written in an imaginative way, or have a（12） at most childrens comics, full of the stories and jokes which are the objections of teachers and right-thinking parents.Perhaps we parents should（13） trying to brainwash children into accepting our taste in literature. After all children and adults are so（14） that we parents should not expect that they will enjoy the（15） books. So I suppose well just have to compromise over that bedtime story.【答案】（1）children（2）realized（3）high（4）or（5）hear（6）read（7）few（8）easy（9）grow-ups或adults（10）show（11）library（12）look（13）stop（14）different（15）same【解析】（1）由空格前的their可知此处应填入名词。句中出现parents“父母”和bedtime story“床头故事”，空格前的their指parents，因此可知空格处可填入“children”。（2）空格前的they依然指parents，空格后是how引导的从句，因此空格处为动词。根据句意“他们一定已经写一本好的儿童书有多难”。这里需要选择一个动词表示父母们“知道”、“认知”写一本好的儿童书的有多难，可填入realized“意识到”，符合语境，（3）由空格前的too可知此处应填入形容词。前面动词aim“设置目标”，加上后面so that引导的结果状语“孩子们听不懂他(或她)的故事”，因此作者设置的目标应该是“过于高（high）”。（4）空格后是一个完整句，因此空格处应为连接词或关联词。本句句首出现了either，结合后半句句意“这个故事似乎在与读者对话”，可知本句就是在表达写故事的两种后果一种看不懂，一种似乎是对话。可想到与either搭配的or，eitheror表示“要么要么”。（5）空格处为who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the children，主语who后面缺少从句的谓语动词成分。宾语是the story，children自然是“听”故事的人，因此此处填入hear。（6）空格前后都有名词，且这里有并列关系词and，可知空格处应填入动词。The adult指的是parents，it指the story，因此应填入动词read。（7）空格处应填入形容词来修饰名词books。由句首的unfortunately可知，“像这样的（上一句所说）故事书”应该是“很难”找到，这个修饰词表示否定含义，因此可用few修饰books，表示“几乎没有（很难找到）这样的书”。（8）空格前有be动词，后面是动词不定式to solve，需要解决的是“the problem”，且本句后半部分是so引导的结果状语，原因在前半句“不幸的是，事实上像这样的书没有几本”，由此可知这个问题“不容易解决”，应填入easy。（9）本句句首的“this may be why”说明本句是顺承上句而来的结果，上句说到“真正的儿童书籍几乎没有”，因此本句表示“儿童文学作品实际上是为成年人而写”。空格处应填入表示“成年人”的词，adults或grow-ups。（10）空格处词语的宾语是interest“兴趣”，因此这里说的是“让孩子自己读书时，他们常常对文学毫无兴趣”。“表现兴趣”应用“show the interest”表示，空格处填入show。（11）空格前的or在本句表示并列，or前后的词语应该词性一致、并具有同一特点，bookshop“书店”有书供孩子阅读，另一个常见同类地方就是library“图书馆”。（12）本句表示“让孩子们在书店或图书馆自行选书阅读”，空格后是一类图书childrens comics“儿童漫画”，因此前面应是表示“阅读”的动词或动词词组，加上空格前后的have aat，可推知此处应是“have a look at”。（13）本句句意：也许我们父母应该尝试给孩子洗脑，让他们接受我们对文学的品味。上一段表示儿童文学作品大多为成年人而写，真正的儿童读物很少。由此推测本句是在呼吁“停止尝试给孩子洗脑”。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”。（14）本句句意：毕竟儿童和成人间有着很大的，因此父母不应期待他们会喜欢读的书，接上文，儿童不会喜欢成人化的作品，说明儿童与成人是“不同的”，因此此处应填入different。（15）接上题解析，由于儿童和成人有很大不同，因此他们不会读“相同的”书籍，应填入same。11. 单选题He said it was important to put in the hours, but it was not just the hours that（ ）.问题1选项A.affectedB.countedC.focusedD.faltered【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。affect “影响，感染，感动”；count “计算，认为，起作用，值得考虑”；focus “使集中，使聚焦”；falter “支吾地说，畏缩，蹒跚”。根据句意他说，投入时间是重要的，但是（ ）不只是时间。确定B选项count “起作用”正确。12. 单选题Hostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14lh century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for “man”. But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behavior in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery, it wasnt until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continents largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own-unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. “Romanestan” said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, “is where my two feet stand.”1.Gypsies are united only when they（ ）.2.In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPT（ ）.3.According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts of（ ）.问题1选项A.are engaged in traditional craftsB.call themselves RomaC.live under a clan systemD.face external threats问题2选项A.the EgyptiansB.the stateC.the churchD.the Nazis问题3选项A.languageB.cultureC.identityD.custom【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。题干“Gypsies are united only when”提供了重要信息，表明吉普赛人平时是并不会联合在一起，是个分散的民族。第一段倒数第三句中说到“only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies只有在面对来自非吉普赛人的敌意时才真正团结起来”，由此可知使吉普赛人团结起来的是外人的敌意。因此D选项“面对外部威胁”符合题意。2.判断推理题。本题需要从欧洲对吉普赛人的种种迫害行为中作排除法。第二段提到“with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behavior in their nomadism教会在他们的算命中看到异端邪说，国家在他们的游牧中看到反社会行为”以及“In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria在更近的时期，吉普赛人陷入了纳粹种族狂热中”。因此教会、国家和纳粹都对吉普赛人进行了迫害，A选项“埃及人”符合题意。3.判断推理题。本题需要找出吉普赛人与犹太人的区别。最后一段最后两居中说到了两个种族的比较“With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own-unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. 除了极少数的例外，吉普赛人并没有表现出想要一个国家成为自己国家的强烈愿望不像犹太人，吉普赛人的经历经常被拿来与犹太人作比较。”可知吉普赛人与犹太人的最大区别在于建立国家的愿望是否强烈，吉普赛人对自己身份的认同性不如犹太人高。C选项正确。13. 翻译题After I gave a talk on the subject of happiness, a woman in the audience stood up and said, “I wish my husband had come.” “Much as I loved him,” she explained, “it wasnt easy being married to someone so unhappy.” This woman enabled me to put into words what I had been searching foraltruistic, as well as the personal, reasons for taking happiness seriously. I told her that each of us owes it to our spouse, our children, and our friends to be as happy as we can.I was not a particularly happy child, and like most teenagers, I took pleasure in my anguish. One day, however, it occurred to me that I was taking the easy way out. Anyone could be unhappy; it took no courage and effort. True achievement lay in struggling to be happy. The notion that we have to work at happiness comes as news to many people. We assume its a feeling that comes as a result of good things that just happen to us, things over which we have little or no control. But the opposite is true: happiness is largely under our control. It is a battle to be fought and not a feeling to be awaited. To achieve a happy life, its necessary to overcome some stumbling blocks.We all know people who have had a relatively easy life yet are essentially unhappy. And we know people who have suffered a great deal but generally remain happy. The first secret is gratitude. All happy people are grateful. Ungrateful people cannot be happy. We tend to think that being unhappy leads people to complain, but its truer to say that complaining leads to people becoming unhappy.【答案】在我做了一场以快乐为主题的报告之后，一位女士听众站起来说：“要是我丈夫也能来听报告就好了。”她解释说：“虽然我很爱他，可是同一个不快乐的人做夫妻真不是件容易的事情。”这位女士用语言表达出了我一直在探索的一个道理认真对待快乐，即可利己，也有利于他人。我告诉她，为了我们的配偶、孩子和朋友，我们每个人都应尽可能快乐。以前，我像大多数十几岁的少年一样，并不是一个特别快乐的孩子，经常在苦中求乐。然而，有一天，我突然意识到，我是在贪图省事。任何人都可以不开心，这不需要勇气和努力。真正的成就在于努力奋斗去获得快乐。对许多人来说，我们必须努力去正确快乐这一概念是一件新鲜事。我们以为，快乐是一种感觉，是我们碰到好事的结果，我们很难掌控它。然而事实恰好相反，在很大程度上我们可以控制快乐。这是一场需要为之拼搏，而不是坐等。为了实现快乐的人生，我们需要克服一些障碍。众所周知，生活相对简单的人基本上并不快乐。而有一些人，他们经历了巨大的痛苦却往往仍然是快乐的。第一大秘诀就是感恩。所有快乐的人都怀有感恩的心。没有感恩之心的人不可能快乐。我们往往认为，不快乐会导致人们抱怨。但事实却是抱怨让人变得不快乐。14. 翻译题由于对急剧上涨的油价和气候变化的日益担心，生物燃料变成了绿色技术革命的先锋，除了作为替代能源外，还希望它在此过程中减缓全球变暖趋势。但是，近期的几项研究表明，生物燃料不但没有实现其提倡者的良好愿望，相反却加剧了全球变暖，并还以拯救地球的名义危害着地球。的确，生物燃料在某种程度上减轻了人们对进口石油的依赖，使某些农民综合企业致富的同时，也给农民创造了就业机会。但是大多数生物燃料遇到的一个基本问题实际上很简单：将土地用于生产生物燃料所需的作物，导致储存了大量碳的森林、湿地和草地被毁，这是研究人员一直没注意到的问题.【答案】Due to growing concerns about climate changes and the sharp rise in oil prices, people have turned bio-fuels into the pioneer of green technology revolution, which is expected to slow global warming in the process in addition to being an alternative energy source. But several recent studies suggested that bio-fuels have worsened global warming instead of fulfilling the good wishes of its advocates, and are contributing to global warming and harming the planet in the name of saving it. Indeed, bio-fuels have reduced peoples dependence on imported oil to a certain extent and created employment opportunities for farmers while making some rural comprehensive enterprises rich. But one fundamental problem that most bio-fuels is currently encountering is actually very simple: the usage of land for producing crops required by bio-fuels has leaded to destructions of large areas of forests, wetlands and grasslands which are used to store a lot of carbons. And our researchers have paid no attention to this problem.15. 单选题Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideals of their elders. Events which the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Ev