2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考试名师点拨押题密卷93（含答案详解）

2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题The Japanese personnel manager had to（ ）keeping a chemist on the payroll even though the company no longer needed his expertise.问题1选项A.modifyB.justifyC.sustainD.launch【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。modify“修改，修饰”；justify“证明是正当的”；sustain“维持，支撑”；launch“发起，发动”；句意：尽管不再需要化学家的专业才能，这位日本人事经理仍然把他留下。even though表明前后句为让步关系，由后半句“尽管不再需要该化学家的专业才能”可推知前半句“仍然将其留下”符合句意。故C项正确。2. 单选题Rapid energy consumption will not only（ ）the environment, but also trigger serious social problems.问题1选项A.extractB.spoilC.disposeD.deteriorate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。extract“提取；提炼”; spoil“糟蹋；溺爱；dispose“处理；处置；安排”；deteriorate“恶化”。 句意：能源迅速消耗不仅会使环境恶化，还会引发严重的社会问题。只有D项符合句意，故答案D。3. 单选题The success or failure of a case often hinges on an organizing principle known as a case theme. For example, the case theme in the trial of Erick and Lyle Menendez, two brothers accused of murdering their parents, was “the abuse excuse”; The brothers should be excuse because they had been severely abused. A primary case theme of the O.J.Simpson defense was “the police messed up and planted evidence.”Themes are simple, brief （one sentence!） statements that capture the essence of your argument. You control the lens through which the facts will be viewed. For a trial lawyer, this is absolutely critical. If the lawyer fails to establish a case theme, he or she gives opposing counsel the advantage. Or even worse, the listeners, or those you are trying to persuade, will adopt the theme suggested to them by your adversary. Whoever controls the definition of the case is inevitably the one with the power.Just as a theme gives the listeners a generalizing principle around which information can be organized, so too does it give you one. The great trial lawyers emphasize the need for an overall strategy as well as day-to-day tactics. A case theme embodies a lawyers overall strategy in a nutshell and helps her organize the case so that she always stays on target use a theme to help you stay well and easily focused on the overall thrust of your presentation.A good case theme also greatly enhances your credibility. （41） When you establish a succinct, easy-to-remember, you let people know-well-defined and thought our point of view. Such specificity adds to your perceived competence and trustworthiness. Remember: successful trial lawyers are never wishy-washy.1. The case involving two brother killers demonstrates that（ ）.2. The message of this passage is that（ ）.3. A good case theme can prevent（ ）.4. An additional merit of a good case theme is that you may（ ）.5. The last word “wishy-washy” is closest in meaning to（ ）.问题1选项A.even murders may be excused sometimesB.a well-defined argument can win a difficult caseC.child abusers should be duly punishedD.upholding justice is the most important in court问题2选项A.good lawyers are of critical importance in a lawsuitB.legal procedures sometimes may run out of controlC.murder cases can be manipulated as people wishD.a well-defined focusing point is a key to win a case问题3选项A.the trial lawyer from losing his or her target in defenseB.the opposing side from forming their case themeC.audience from being easily persuadedD.those who have power from controlling the trial问题4选项A.get more informationB.control the opposing sideC.prove your competenceD.trust the jury and the judge问题5选项A.indecisiveB.imaginativeC.inadequateD.illogical【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段 “The success or failure of a case often hinges on an organizing principle known as a case theme. For example, the case theme in the trial of Erick and Lyle Menendez, two brothers accused of murdering their parents, was “the abuse excuse”; The brothers should be excuse because they had been severely abused. 案例的成功或失败往往取决于一个被称为案例主题的组织原则。例如，Erick和Lyle Menendez两兄弟被控谋杀他们的父母，他们的审判主题是“为虐待申辩”;兄弟俩应该得到原谅，因为他们受到了严重的虐待。”该案例中两兄弟杀害父母却得到了原谅，原因是他们被父母严重虐待，由此可知公平在法庭中起非常重要的作用。故D项正确。ABC三项均不能说明该案件体现的道理。2.主旨大意题。第一段开头就提到了The success or failure of a case often hinges on an organizing principle known as a case theme. 案例的成功或失败往往取决于一个被称为案例主题的组织原则。接下来的段落都是围绕case theme展开论述。全文主要讲述了一个好的案例主题（焦点）是赢得官司的关键。故D项正确。3.判断推理题。由第三段The great trial lawyers emphasize the need for an overall strategy as well as day-to-day tactics. A case theme embodies a lawyers overall strategy in a nutshell and helps her organize the case so that she always stays on target use a theme to help you stay well and easily focused on the overall thrust of your presentation. 伟大的辩护律师强调整体战略和日常战术的必要性。案例主题概括地体现了律师的总体策略，并帮助她组织案例，使她始终紧扣主题，帮助你保持良好的状态，轻松地聚焦于陈述的总体主旨。可知好的案例主题能使辩护律师在辩护时始终聚焦于主题，不会走偏。故A项正确。4.判断推理题。由第二段If the lawyer fails to establish a case theme, he or she gives opposing counsel the advantage. Or even worse, the listeners, or those you are trying to persuade, will adopt the theme suggested to them by your adversary. 如果律师未能确立案件主题，他或她就会给予对方律师优势。更糟糕的是，听众或你试图说服的人会采用你的对手建议的主题。由此可知一个好的案件主题能控制反方。5.词义题。When you establish a succinct, easy-to-remember, you let people know-well-defined and thought -our point of view. Such specificity adds to your perceived competence and trustworthiness. Remember: successful trial lawyers are never wishy-washy. 当你建立一个简洁的，易于记忆的案件主题时，你让人们明确地知道我们的观点。这种专一性会增加你的能力和可信度。记住:成功的辩护律师从不优柔寡断。indecisive犹豫不决的；imaginative富于想象力的，具有创造力的；inadequate不充足的；illogical不合逻辑的，不合理的。既然是成功的辩护律师的特点，那应该用褒义词，故先排除CD两项。B项“富有想象力的”不是律师的特点，相反律师是依据事实说话。故A项正确。4. 单选题Microwaves are a type of electromagnetic radiation; they are a very mild form of electrical or magnetic wave that moves through space. Unlike X-rays and gamma rays, which are very powerful rays of radiation, microwaves are rather weak and are much more like the waves of radiation used in radio broadcasting.In microwave ovens, the use of microwaves with which most people are familiar, the waves are produced by an electronic tube called a magnetron. Microwaves produce beat in any food placed inside the oven by causing the water in the food to vibrate rapidly and thus heat up. Food that have more water in them take less time to cook and probably have more of their nutrients left intact when cooked in a microwave oven.Microwaves do not pass through metals so the microwaves are retained within the oven. Microwaves pass immediately through glass, paper, and plastic with no effect on these materials or on the microwaves; nothing inside the microwave oven is heated except the food itself, so the cooking process is much more efficient than in conventional ovens. Sometimes a part or container is heated because it is touching the hot food, though; some users of microwave ovens have been burned by hot food, by hot pans, or steam escaping from the food. No documented case of radiation burns from a microwave oven has ever been reported.Actually, we know very little about how microwave radiation might affect human beings. Obviously, if microwaves can cook a roast by exciting the water molecules in the meats they could do the same thing to human flesh. Human being could be burned by prolonged exposure to high levels of microwaves. But scientists are more concerned about the effects of low level microwave exposures, such as might result from a leaking microwave oven.No research has yet been performed on people who have been exposed to low level microwave radiation. Some experiments have been performed on animals, but the results are very difficult to interpret. As the eyes are particularly sensitive, rabbits exposed to low level microwaves were checked for the growth of cataracts, and none were found. On the other hand, some animals seem able to sense microwave radiation and try to escape from it immediately. In others, microwave radiation causes the body to react as if defending itself against decease. These responses lead some scientists to think that microwave radiation is harmful，though in some yet undiscovered way.1. The purpose of this passage is to discuss（ ）.2. Microwaves are（ ）.3. We can conclude from this passage that（ ）.4. The authors tone is（ ）.5. As used in the 3rd paragraph of this passage, the word “documented means（ ）.问题1选项A.the beneficial use of microwavesB.the harmful effects of microwavesC.the modern methods of cookingD.the use and possible harmful effects of microwaves问题2选项A.absolutely safe at low levelsB.very efficient for cookingC.cancer-causing in people with weak eyesD.completely understood by Scientists问题3选项A.the heat created in microwave ovens is very difficult to controlB.food tastes better when cooked in a microwave ovenC.food cooked in microwave ovens is probably more nutritious than food cooked in more conventional waysD.most research on the effects of microwaves on human beings has been restricted to the study of low level microwave radiation问题4选项A.objectiveB.sarcasticC.negativeD.skeptical问题5选项A.numberedB.recordedC.legalD.believable【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文第一段介绍了微波的特点，第二三段讲述了微波的用途，最后分析了微波可能对人体造成的伤害。故D项“微波的用途及可能造成的影响”正确。ABC三项均比较片面。2.推理判断题。由第三段“nothing inside the microwave oven is heated except the food itself, so the cooking process is much more efficient than in conventional ovens. 除了食物本身，微波炉里的任何东西都不会被加热，因此烹饪过程比传统的烤箱更有效率。可知B项正确。由These responses lead some scientists to think that microwave radiation is harmful，though in some yet undiscovered way. 这些反应使一些科学家认为微波辐射是有害的，尽管是以一些尚未被发现的方式。可知A项错误。No research has yet been performed on people who have been exposed to low level microwave radiation. 目前还没有对暴露在低水平微波辐射下的人进行研究。可知C项错误。3.推理判断题。第四段But scientists are more concerned about the effects of low level microwave exposures, such as might result from a leaking microwave oven. 但科学家们更关心的是低水平微波照射的影响，比如微波炉泄漏可能造成的影响。与D项“微波对人体影响的研究大多局限于对低水平微波辐射的研究”同义。AB两项文中没有提及；C项“用微波炉烹饪的食物可能比用传统方法烹饪的食物更有营养”是对原文“Food that have more water in them take less time to cook and probably have more of their nutrients left intact when cooked in a microwave oven. 含有更多水分的食物烹饪时间更短，在微波炉中烹饪时可能会保留更多的营养成分。”的曲解。4.观点态度题。本文前半部分提到了微波给人们的生活带来了便利，可以快速地加热食物，后半部分提到了科学家对微波是否会对人体造成伤害进行了讨论，全文没有涉及主观性色彩的内容，所以作者的态度是客观的，故A项正确。5.词义题。Some users of microwave ovens have been burned by hot food, by hot pans, or steam escaping from the food. No documented case of radiation burns from a microwave oven has ever been reported. 一些使用微波炉的人被热的食物、热锅或从食物中逸出的蒸汽烧伤。没有记录在案的微波炉辐射灼伤案例。联系上文可以推断documented为记录的。5. 单选题It is crucial that a broad set of people-not just technologists or those who happen to be in the computer industry（ ） in the debate about how this technology should be shaped.问题1选项A.compensateB.saturateC.motivateD.participate【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。compensate“赔偿，补偿”；saturate“浸透，使湿透”；motivate“刺激，使有动机”；participate in“参加”。句意：重要的是要有一大群人而不仅仅技术员或那些碰巧在计算机领域工作的人参与到这项技术该如何发展的讨论中来。D项能与介词in搭配，且符合句意。6. 单选题The tenant must be prepared to decorate the property（ ）the terms of the agreement.问题1选项A.by way ofB.in accordance withC.with regard toD.in relation to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。by way of“经由”；in accordance with“依照，与一致”；with regard to “关于，至于”；in relation to“关于，涉及”。句意：承租人必须（ ）协议条款来准备装修房屋。只有B项符合句意，表示根据协议条款来装修房屋。7. 单选题It is also important to have something that can clean water and kill（ ）, so water from other sources can be made safe to drink.问题1选项A.plasmodiaB.bacteriaC.criteriaD.malaria【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。plasmodia“疟原虫；bacteria“细菌”；criteria“标准，条件”；malaria“痢疾，瘴气”。句意：有可以清洁水并可以杀死细菌的东西很重要，这样的话来自其他来源的水也可以安全饮用。只有清洁的水，并且水里面的细菌被杀死了，才是可以安全饮用的水。故B项正确。8. 单选题The chairman said it gave him great（ ） to welcome so many guests.问题1选项A.humorB.contentC.funD.pleasure【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。humor“幽默”；content“内容，目录”；fun“乐趣”；pleasure“快乐，令人高兴的事”。句意：主席说欢迎这么多宾客是一件让他很高兴的事情。D项符合句意。9. 单选题Without a proper education, people could（ ） all kinds of crimes.问题1选项A.conductB.stoopC.commitD.sweat【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。conduct“组织，实施”；stoop“辱没，堕落”；commit“犯罪”；sweat“出汗”。commit crimes犯罪，故C项正确。句意：如果没有接受合适的教育，人们可能会进行各种犯罪活动。10. 单选题Once you have added up the figures in the budget plan, you will have to（ ）income tax to arrive at the net spending amount available to you.问题1选项A.divideB.deductC.multiplyD.add【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。divide“分开”；deduct“扣除;减去”multiply“乘； 使增加”；add“增加”，add to“加入，增加”。句意：一旦你把预算计划中的数字加起来，为了得出你可利用的净支出金额，你将不得不加入所得税。D项符合题意。11. 单选题I was totally mixed up by his（ ） and ambiguous remarks.问题1选项A.ubiquitousB.unsettledC.elusiveD.daring【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。ubiquitous“普遍存在的”;unsettled“未决定的; 怀疑的”; elusive“难懂的；难以捉摸的；易忘的”; daring“大胆的；勇敢的”。句意：我完全被他的难以琢磨的和模棱两可的话搞糊涂了。由连词and可知空格处所填词与ambiguous remarks词义相近，故C项正确。12. 写作题Directions: From June 1, 2008, China will ban shops from offering free plastic bag and has called on consumers to use baskets and cloth sacks instead to reduce environmental pollution. What do you think about this policy? Please write a composition of approximately 200 words on the following topic:Should We Ban Free Plastic Bags From Shops?In the first part, you should stale clearly your viewpoint on this issue. In the second part, you should support your viewpoint wilh appropriate details. In I he last part, you should bring what you have written Io a natural conclusion.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow these instructions may result in the loss of marks.Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET. 【答案】略13. 单选题She made two copies of this poem and posted them（ ） to different publishers.问题1选项A.sensationallyB.simultaneouslyC.strenuouslyD.simply【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。sensational 轰动的、耸人听闻的；simultaneously 同时地；strenuous 紧张的，费力的；simply 简单地。由前半句“她将这首诗复印了两份”以及后半句的“不同的出版商”可推知她同时将两份复印件寄给了不同的出版商。故B项正确。14. 单选题You arent going to the library, are you? （ ）, Im not going to the library.问题1选项A.YesB.NoC.OKD.All right【答案】B【解析】考查反义疑问句。反义疑问句的回答根据实际情况作答，空格后为否定的情况，故用No.B项正确。15. 单选题The hotel（ ） we stayed last Friday was right in the center of the city.问题1选项A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。stay in the hotel，故用where引导定语从句，where=in which=in the hotel.句意：我们上周五住的那个酒店就在市中心。16. 单选题Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example, providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train, up to any age he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition of each new skill- the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early; a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this cooperation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness and well being.1. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children（ ）.2. The child in the nursery（ ）.3. The encouragement of children to achieve - new skills（ ）.4. Jigsaw puzzles are（ ）.5. Parental controls and discipline（ ）.问题1选项A.is to send them to clinicsB.offers recapture of earlier experiencesC.is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD.is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced问题2选项A.quickly learns to wait for foodB.doesnt initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC.always accepts the rhythm of the world around themD.always feels the world around him is warm and friendly问题3选项A.can never be taken too farB.should be left to school teachersC.will always assist their developmentD.should be balanced between two extremes问题4选项A.too difficult for childrenB.a kind of building-block toyC.not very entertaining for adultsD.suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation问题5选项A.serve a dual purposeB.should be avoided as much as possibleC.reflect the values of the communityD.are designed to promote the childs【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example, providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train, up to any age he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics. 如果儿童发展的一个阶段被遗漏，或者没有足够的经验，儿童可能必须回去捕捉它的经验。一个好的家庭使这成为可能，例如，提供机会，让孩子玩发条车或玩具火车，直到任何年龄，他仍然需要这样做。事实上，这一原则是对发育有困难的儿童进行所有心理治疗的基础，也是儿童诊所工作的基础。可知B项“对早期经验的再现”正确。2.细节事实题。由第二段The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. 纪律是从托儿所开始的。甚至最小的婴儿被逐步教导等食物,有规律地睡眠和醒来等等。可知B项“托儿所的孩子一开始并不是有规律地睡觉和醒来”正确。3.判断推理题。由第三段It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. 催促孩子超过他的自然学习速度通常是诱人的，但这会在孩子身上建立起失败的危险感觉和焦虑状态。可知揠苗助长会到导致孩子产生两种极端情况，故应在两种极端方式之间采取保持平衡。4.细节事实题。Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this cooperation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples. 父母和孩子都能分享的玩具和游戏是实现这种合作的重要手段。积木玩具、拼图和填字游戏都是很好的例子。由此可知拼图游戏适合建立父母与孩子之间的合作关系。故D项正确。5.细节事实题。由末段In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness and well being. 一般来说，施加控制代表父母的需要和社区的价值，以及儿童本身的幸福和福祉。据此可知纪律和施加控制由双重目的。故A项正确。17. 单选题This is a very big hotel and it can（ ） more than 1,000 people.