2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第185期

2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence because college will help them earn more money become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who dont go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending those who dont fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each others experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies and drop out-often encouraged by college administrators.Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselvesthey are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But thats a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesnt explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. Weve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy cant absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesnt make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn thingsmaybe its just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-leaning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.1.According to the author （ ）.2.In the 2nd paragraph, “those who dont fit the pattern” refers to （ ）.3.The drop-out rate of college students seems to go up because （ ）.4.According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that （ ）.5.In this passage the author argues that （ ）.问题1选项A.people used to question the value of college educationB.people used to have full confidence in higher educationC.all high school graduates chose to go to collegeD.very few high school graduates chose to go to college问题2选项A.high school graduates who arent suitable for college educationB.college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxisC.college students who arent any better for their higher educationD.high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college问题3选项A.young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at collegeB.many young people are required to join the armyC.young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher educationD.young people dont like the intense competition for admission to graduate school问题4选项A.society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduatesB.high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college educationC.too many students have to earn their own livingD.college administrators encourage students to drop out问题5选项A.more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high school graduatesB.college education is not enough if one wants to be successfulC.college education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-learning peopleD.intelligent people may learn quicker if they dont go to college【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一句，“The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation.”，可知大学已经被超过一代的人们毫无疑问的接受了。可判断出人们过去总是对高等教育充满信心。选项B符合题意。2.语义理解题。根据文章第一句，“And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending those who dont fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious.”，可知近一半的高中毕业生就读于那些不符合这种模式的学校，人数越来越多，现象也越来越明显。下文紧接着用例子说明了这种现象。可判断出those who dont fit the pattern是指那些没有因为高等教育而变得更好的大学生们。选项C符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句，“Others find no stimulation in their studies and drop out-often encouraged by college administrators.”，可知另一些人在学习中找不到激励和鼓舞而辍学通常是受到大学管理者的鼓励。可判断出大学生的辍学率似乎在上升的原因在于年轻人很少有追求高等教育的动力。选项C符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“Weve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy cant absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.”，可知我们被告知年轻人必须上大学，因为经济不会给一个18岁的未受过训练的人工作机会。但是令人沮丧的事实是，毕业生了解到社会也无法给受过大学教育的22岁的毕业生适合的工作机会。可判断出大学教育的问题部分来自于社会无法为受过良好训练的大学毕业生提供足够的工作机会。选项A符合题意。5.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段，“This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.”，可知我们从小就被教育说接受一点教育是好的，接受的教育越多越好，这是有争议的。相反的证据也开始增多。可判断出作者认为对于高中毕业的年轻人来说，大学并非最好的、唯一的去处。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题Coffee can be considered one of natures greatest gifts, it gives mental and emotional（1）without harmful side effects, and it （2） a wealth of nutrients. Yet, when most people drink coffee, they are not thinking that the beverage is （3）their health. In fact, some may even feel a little guilty, （4）some believe coffee isnt good for you at all.Well, coffee, like anything else, can cause problems if too much is （5 ）. Moderate consumption of coffee （6）your body with a wealth of antioxidants. These substances are responsible （7） eliminating free radicals. They are the chemical byproducts produced any time your body does, something. A small number of them can help serve （8）a buffer against negative elements, if they arent（9）in check, they can cause health problems. Antioxidants ensure that this doesnt happen.The psychological effects of caffeine cannot be （10）either. Not only does caffeine make you more（11）, but it can actually affect your mood. If you were feeling （12） or overwhelmed, a nice cup of coffee could change your （13）. The stack of work that seemed impossible before isnt even a problem now. （14）, caffeine helps stimulate creativity as it speeds up the bodys functioning. Thats why coffee is often（15）with writers and other intellectual professions. Other drugs （16）to make people dumber. Consider what happens when people get high off of crack or when they get drunk off of alcohol. They wont be （17） at all. But with coffee, an individual gets a creative boost（18）still helping their bodies. In conclusion, dont feel bad when youre brewing your morning cup of coffee.（19）a can of soda or a shot of alcohol, coffee will make you feel wonderful while keeping you healthy. Just remember, you do have to consume the beverage in （20）.问题1选项A.cleanB.clarityC.brightnessD.clear问题2选项A.combinesB.contentsC.consistsD.contains问题3选项A.improvingB.harmingC.threateningD.stimulating问题4选项A.andB.burC.sinceD.while问题5选项A.consumedB.conductedC.engagedD.attracted问题6选项A.providesB.attributesC.absorbsD.attaches问题7选项A.withB.ofC.forD.to问题8选项A.forB.asC.toD.with问题9选项A.takenB.madeC.putD.kept问题10选项A.ignoredB.abandonedC.deletedD.canceled问题11选项A.stemB.shrewdC.alertD.nasty问题12选项A.immersedB.depressedC.oppressedD.compelled问题13选项A.interpretiveB.relativeC.representativeD.perspective问题14选项A.On the contraryB.On the other handC.In additionD.At last问题15选项A.associatedB.connectedC.coincidedD.compared问题16选项A.intendB.tendC.extendD.pretend问题17选项A.deliberateB.credibleC.accurateD.functional问题18选项A.thoughB.whileC.beforeD.until问题19选项A.LikeB.WhetherC.EitherD.Unlike问题20选项A.moderationB.particularC.meditationD.standard【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A第6题:A第7题:C第8题:B第9题:D第10题:A第11题:C第12题:B第13题:D第14题:C第15题:A第16题:B第17题:D第18题:B第19题:D第20题:A【解析】（1）词义辨析。根据句子结构，可知空格中应填入一个名词，作动词give的宾语。选项A和D可排除。clarity “清楚，明晰”；brightness “光亮，聪明”。句意：它使人精神和心情明朗，没有副作用。选项B符合题意。（2）动词词义辨析。combine “联合，结合”；content “使满足”；consist “由组成”；contain “包含”。句意：它含有丰富的营养物质。选项D符合题意。（3）动词词义辨析。improve “改善”；harm “伤害”；threaten “危害，威胁”；stimulate “刺激”。句意：然而，当大多数人喝咖啡的时候，他们并不认为咖啡正在改善他们的健康状况。选项A符合题意。（4）上下文逻辑。空格前句意思为：事实上，有些人会觉得有些内疚惭愧。空格后一句意思为：有些人认为咖啡对身体根本没有好处。前后两句存在因果关系，所以选用since “因为”，可引导原因状语从句。选项C符合题意。（5）动词词义辨析。consume “消耗”；conduct “组织，实施”；engage “从事，吸引，占用”；attract “吸引”。句意：咖啡和其他东西一样，如果喝得太多也会引起问题。这里是指过量消耗。选项A符合题意。（6）动词词义辨析。provide “提供”；attribute “归属，归因于”；absorb “吸收”；attach “使依附，系上”。句意：适量饮用咖啡可以为身体提供丰富的抗氧化剂。选项A符合题意。（7）固定搭配。be responsible for为固定搭配，“对负责”。句意：这些物质负责清除自由基。选项C符合题意。（8）介词辨析。for “为了”；as “作为”；to “动作的目的和导向”；with “和，与，用”。句意：它们中的一部分可以作为一种缓冲，来对抗负面元素。选项B符合题意。（9）固定搭配。keep in check “阻止，约束，制止”。句意：它们中的一部分可以作为一种缓冲，来对抗负面元素，如果不对它们加以控制，可能会导致健康问题。选项D符合题意。（10）动词词义辨析。ignore “忽视”；abandon “抛弃，放弃”；delete “删除”；cancel “取消”。句意：咖啡因的心理作用也不容忽视。选项A符合题意。（11）形容词词义辨析。stem “严厉的”；shrewd “精明的，机灵的”；alert “警惕的，警觉的”；nasty “下流的，肮脏的”。句意：咖啡因不仅会让你更加警觉，实际上还会影响你的心情。选项C符合题意。（12）词义辨析题。immerse “沉浸，使陷入”；depress “压抑，使沮丧”；oppress “压抑，使烦恼”；compel “强迫，迫使”。根据连词or可知，空格中填入的词和overwhelmed词义和形式都要保持一致。overwhelmed “受打击的”。句意：如果你感到沮丧或受打击。选项B符合题意。（13）词汇辨析。根据空格前的your，可知空格中应该填入名词。interpretive “解释的，作为说明的，为形容词”，选项A可排除。relative “形容词意思为相关的，名词意思为亲戚”。 representative “形容词意思为有代表性的，作名词意思为代表”。perspective “形容词意思为透视的，名词意思为观点”。句意：如果你感到沮丧或受打击的，一杯好咖啡可以改变你的观点。选项D符合题意。（14）逻辑关系。上文提到了咖啡对人体的心理产生作用，影响人的情绪。空格后提到了咖啡因可以刺激人的创造能力，前后都提到了咖啡带来的积极影响，所以前后为递进关系。In addition “除此之外，还有”。选项C符合题意。（15）固定搭配。be associated with “与有关”；be connected with “与连接”；没有搭配be coincided with，选项C可排除。be compared with “与相比较”。句意：这就是为什么咖啡经常与作家和其他知识界人士联系在一起。选项A符合题意。（16）动词词义辨析。intend “打算，意图”；tend “趋向”；extend “延伸”；pretend “假装”。句意：其他药物会使人变笨。又因为固定搭配tend to “有倾向”。选项B符合题意。（17）形容词词义辨析。deliberate “故意的，深思熟虑的”；credible “可靠的，可信的”；accurate “精确的”；functional “功能的”。句意：想想当人们因吸毒而兴奋或因喝酒而喝醉时会发生一些事情，因此他们的身体各项功能会失调。选项D符合题意。（18）逻辑关系。空格前一句提到咖啡会提升人的创造力，后一句提到会对身体有帮助，可知前后两句都是提到了咖啡带来的好处，可判断前后两句为并列关系。while “与此同时”可表并列，选项B符合题意。（19）逻辑关系。like “像”；whether “是否”；either “或者”；unlike “不像”。句意：不像一罐苏打水或一杯酒，咖啡会让你感觉很好，同时保持你的健康。选项D符合题意。（20）名词词义辨析。moderation “适度，节制”；particular “详细说明”；meditation “冥想，沉思”；standard “标准”。句意：记住，一定要适量饮用这种饮料。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题The ascent to the mountain is （ ） but anyone who makes it to the top is rewarded by a spectacular view.问题1选项A.helpfulB.assiduousC.arduousD.unique【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。helpful “有帮助的”；assiduous “刻苦的，勤勉的”；arduous “努力的，费力的”；unique “特别的”。句意：登到山顶是艰苦的，但任何成功登顶的人都会欣赏到壮观的景色。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题The arts and Craft movement in the United States are responsible for （ ） change in attitudes toward the decorative arts, then considered the minor or household arts.问题1选项A.smashingB.sleepingC.sweepingD.switching【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。smashing “极好的，猛烈的”；sleeping “睡着的”；sweeping “影响广泛的，规模大的”；switching “开关，动词的-ing形式”。句意：美国的艺术和工艺运动使人们对装饰艺术的态度发生了翻天覆地的变化，它考虑到低层次的艺术或家庭艺术。选项C符合题意。5. 翻译题品德的高尚与美好所达到的程度可能与对美的感受程度成正比。欣赏美的能力不仅增加了我们快乐的来源，也加强了我们德性的修养。社区教育课程建设是社区教育发展的必然产物，科学适宜的系列教育课程是有效实施 社区教育的基础。其课程建设应以满足社区发展需求的多样化为根本。礼仪之于社会犹如衣着之于个人。人若不穿衣服，就会一丝不挂，令人耻笑，必然导致道德败坏。假定社会是一列火车，礼仪就好比轨道，火车只能沿着它隆隆前进。假定 社会是一辆贵宾车，礼仪就好比轮子与轴，马车只有靠它们才能滚滚前进。【答案】The degree to which nobility and beauty of character are attained may be in direct proportion to the degree to which beauty is felt. The power to appreciate beauty not only increases our sources of happiness, but also enhances our moral cultivation.Construction of community education curriculum is the inevitable product of community education development. The scientific and proper series education curriculum may be the basis of effective implementing community education. Its curriculum construction should be based on the diversification needs of community development needs.Etiquette is to society what apparel is to the individual. Without apparel people would be naked and laughed by others, which would certainly result in moral corruption. If society were a train, the etiquette would be the rails along which the train could rumble on. If society were a state car, the etiquette would be its wheels and axis only on which the carriage could roll forward.6. 单选题Fiber-optic cables can carry hundreds of telephone conversations （ ）.问题1选项A.homogeneouslyB.spontaneouslyC.simultaneouslyD.ingeniously【答案】C【解析】副词词义辨析。homogeneously “同样地”； spontaneously “自发地，自然地”； ingeniously “贤明地，有才能地”。句意：光纤电缆可以同时传输数百个电话通话。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题The oil price is also a big risk, mainly because the Bush （ ） appears determined to attack Iraq.问题1选项A.governmentB.administrationC.cabinetD.registration【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。government “政府”；administration “管理，行政”；cabinet “内阁”；registration “登记，注册”。句意：油价也是一个很大的风险，主要是因为布什政府似乎决意要攻打伊拉克。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题This week in Japan, some 10, 000（1） from across the globe will meet to examine what, for many of the worlds poorest people, are issues of life and death. At sessions in Kyoto, Shiga and Osaka, the 3rd World Water Forum will （2）a crisis that currently forces more than one billion people to （3） sources contaminated with human waste, and leaves countless millions more with insufficient supplies to （4） their crops, or to spur industrial development. The meeting is the culmination of the International Year of Freshwater 2003, declared by the United Nations to （5） awareness of the worsening state of the worlds water resources.（6）that goal, the forum could hardly have been held at a less opportune moment. Events in Iraq may limit media（7） of the 3rd World Water Forum to mere footnote status. “Our discussions will have far more effect on humankind in the twenty-first century than the current crisis in the Middle East,” claims William Cosgrove, vice-president of the World Water Council, a think-tank dedicated to （8） water resources. But the forums organizers must know that there is little hope of gaining firm（9） from nations that are （10） war.问题1选项A.delegatesB.dedicatesC.dictatorsD.decision-makers问题2选项A.spotlightB.highlightC.brightenD.show问题3选项A.make use ofB.eat withC.drink fromD.grope for问题4选项A.plantB.cultivateC.transplantD.water问题5选项A.realizeB.achieveC.gainD.raise问题6选项A.ForB.But forC.GivenD.Giving问题7选项A.coverB.coveringC.coverageD.discover问题8选项A.improveB.improvingC.promoteD.promoting问题9选项A.commitmentsB.commitmentC.promisesD.promise问题10选项A.focusing withB.focused withC.focusing onD.focused on【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C第7题:C第8题:B第9题:A第10题:D【解析】（1）名词词义辨析。delegate “代表”；dedicate “致力，动词”；dictator “独裁者”；decision-makers “决策者”。根据句子结构，可知空格填入一个名词，选项B可排除。句意：本周在日本，来自世界各地的约一万名代表将齐聚一堂，探讨对世界上许多最贫穷的人来说，什么是生死攸关的问题。选项A符合题意。（2）动词词义辨析。spotlight “聚焦”；highlight “突出，强调”；brighten “使明亮”；show “展示，出示”。句意：在京都、志贺和大阪的会议上，第三节水资源大会将强调一场危机。选项B符合题意。（3）词汇辨析。make use of “使用，利用”；drink from “从喝”；grope for “探索”；eat with “用吃”。句意：目前迫使超过10亿人饮用被人类废弃物污染的水源。选项C符合题意。（4）动词词义辨析。Plant “种植”；cultivate “培养，培育”；transplant “移植，迁移”；water “浇水”。句意：这使得数以百万计的人没有足够的水来灌溉他们的庄稼，或者刺激工业发展。选项D符合题意。（5）动词词义辨析。realize “意识到，认识到”；achieve “实现，达到”；gain “获得，增加”；raise “提高，提升”。句意：提高对世界水资源日益恶化状况的认识。选项D符合题意。（6）语法题。Given引导条件状语从句，表鉴于、出于。句意：鉴于这一目标，本会议几乎不可能在不合时宜的时候举行。选项C符合题意。（7）固定搭配。Media coverage “媒体报道”。句意：伊拉克事件可能会将媒体对第三届世界水资源会议的报道限制在脚注地位。选项C符合题意。（8）语法题。Dedicate to后接名词或动名词形式，因为to为介词。选项A和C可排除。Improve “改善”；promote “促进，提升”。句意：致力于改善水资源。选项B符合题意。（9）词汇辨析。Promise和commitment都有承诺的意思，但promise用于口语中，随意一些，commitment用于正式语中，更加正式。选项C和D可排除。又因为空格后的nations为复数，所以commitment也应该保持一致。选项A符合题意。（10）固定搭配。Be focused on “集中注意力”，没有be focused with搭配，选项A和B可排除。句意：但是，该论坛的组织者必须知道，从关注战争的国家那里获得坚定承诺的希望微乎其微。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect,” a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects - a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen - is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death.”George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death, “Its like surgery， he says, “We dont call those deaths homicides because the doctors didnt intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If youre a physician, you can risk your patients suicide as long as you dont intend their suicide.”On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Courts ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for asserting and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse.” He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear . that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompletely managed and should result in license suspension.”1.From the first three paragraphs, we can learn that （ ）_.2.Which of the following statements is true according to the text?3.According to the NASs report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is （ ）.4.George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they （ ）.问题1选项A.doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients painB.it is still illegal for