2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第51期

2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Almost every layman I have met exhibits _ and how they are written.问题1选项A.the real curiosity about the songsB.a real curiosity about the songsC.real curiosity about the songsD.a real curiosity about songs【答案】D【解析】考查冠词的使用。句意：几乎我见过的每一个外行都对这些歌曲以及它们是如何被写出来的充满好奇。curiosity虽是不可数名词，因其前面有形容词real，故可以和不定冠词a连用，排除A, C。songs是泛指，不需要加定冠词the，排除B。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题We havent seen our neighbor for over a week. They _ on a trip abroad.问题1选项A.could goB.must goC.may have goneD.should have gone【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词的使用。A选项could表示过去的时间会做某事；B选项must表示必须做某事，C选项may have done表示对过去所发生动作的猜测，D选项should have done表示本应该做某事而没做。句意：我们已经一个多星期没见到邻居了。他们可能去国外旅行了。本句表示对过去动作的猜测。因此C选项正确。3. 翻译题1. Illness brought her a strange restlessness and made her all the more eager to cling to life and squeeze from it the last drop of happiness. It made her envy health, but it also made her sentimental over a leaf that the wind had blown into her room.2. Culture is the system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that the members of society use to cope with their world and with one another, and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.3. No one in authority in Washington or Tokyo will say publicly that current turmoil is likely to break up the 35-year-old US security alliance.4. A mother takes twenty years to make a man of her boy, and another woman makes a fool of him in twenty minutes.5. The first purpose to which the new space technology was applied was communication.【答案】1. 说来也怪，缠绵病榻，使她特别焦躁不安，她越发急切地抓住人生不放，欲将人生的幸福压榨到最后一滴而后已。这病使她无比艳羡人家的健康，也使她多愁善感，见一叶飘零，随风入室，便愁绪满怀，无以自解。2. 文化是社会成员用来应对他们的世界和彼此之间的共同信仰、价值观、习俗、行为和人工制品的系统，并通过学习代代相传。3. 华盛顿和东京的权威人士无人愿意公开承认，目前的骚乱可能会使已有35年历史的美日安全同盟毁于一旦。4. 一个做母亲的要花二十年的时间把她的儿子变成一个男子汉，而另一个女人只需二十分钟就能把他变成一个傻瓜。5. 人们利用新的航天技术的首要目的就是通讯。4. 单选题According to new research of Prof. Randolf Menzel from the Free University in Berlin, the popular image of bees as the ultimate hard workers was inaccurate. “Although we see bees buzzing around tirelessly in spring and summer, the common belief in a bees busy nature is based on a misconception,” he said. People only really see bees when theyre out flying, or they look at a colony of bees and see thousands of them buzzing around. They dont get to pick them out as individuals. The professor, who this month won a German Zoological Society award for his work on bees, added that bees compensated for their apparent laziness with high intelligence, advanced memory skills and an ability to learn quickly.The suggestion that bees were not pulling their weight met with skepticism from British beekeepers. Glyn Davies, the President of the British Beekeepers Association, said that bees were not lazy but efficient, “At any particular stage in its energy by doing nothing. Each bee has a unit of life energy and the faster it works, the faster it dies. They are being very wise and perhaps humans should try to follow their example instead of running about like headless chickens.”The idea of the busy bee is several thousand years old. One current author who has nothing but admiration for the bee is Paul Theroux, the novelist and part-time beekeeper.” I have never seen a bee sleeping. My bees never stop working,” he said. Mr. Theroux added that Prof. Menzels research could have been affected by his national origins. “Perhaps in comparison to the German rate of work, the bee does look lazy,” he said.Few people think that the busy bee idea will go away, despite the efforts of Prof. Menzel. It seems absurd to apply the word “lazy” to a colony of creatures capable of producing something so extraordinary as honeycomb. The truth is that bees give us an inferiority complex that is not entirely unjustified. In fact, the worship of bees seems to be undergoing a renaissance. IBM recently ran a series of ads drawing on the “waggle dance” of bees, telling businessmen to “make your business waggle.”1. Prof. Randolf Menzels latest research _.2. Prof. Randolf Menzel would disagree that _.3. According to Glyn Davies, what should we learn from bees?4. It could be inferred from Paragraph 3 that the Germans _.5. The IBM ads in the passage are used to _.问题1选项A.challenges our knowledge of the relations among beesB.confirms our knowledge of the relations among beesC.challenges our perception of the nature of beesD.confirms our perception of the nature of bees问题2选项A.bees are hardworkingB.bees are quick learnersC.bees have intelligenceD.bees have good memory问题3选项A.How to work faster.B.How to live longer.C.How to cooperate with each other.D.How to improve work efficiency.问题4选项A.are easily affected by their national charactersB.are extremely busy and hard workingC.have many things in common with beesD.tend to look down upon lazy people问题5选项A.show the popularity of the idea of busy beesB.emphasize the negative image of busy beesC.initiate public discussions on the busy bee imageD.question the comparison of busy bees to humans【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句According to new research of Prof. Randolf Menzel from the Free University in Berlin, the popular image of bees as the ultimate hard workers was inaccurate.（根据柏林自由大学兰道夫门泽尔教授的最新研究，蜜蜂广为流传的终极辛勤工作者形象是不准确的。），说明最新研究表明人们之前对蜜蜂的印象是不准确的。因此C选项“挑战我们对蜜蜂本性的认识”正确。A选项“挑战我们对蜜蜂之间关系的认识”，B选项“证实了我们对蜜蜂之间关系的认识”，本文讨论的不是蜜蜂之间的关系，所以A, B错误。D选项“证实了我们对蜜蜂本性的认识”和原文表述的意思相反，所以D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句bees compensated for their apparent laziness with high intelligence, advanced memory skills and an ability to learn quickly.（蜜蜂以高智商、记忆力和快速学习能力来弥补它们明显的懒惰。），说明兰道夫门泽尔教授不同意蜜蜂很勤劳的观点。因此A选项“蜜蜂是勤劳的”正确。B选项“蜜蜂的学习能力很强”，C选项“蜜蜂有高智商”，D选项“蜜蜂有良好的记忆力”都是教授认同的蜜蜂的优势，所以B, C, D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段Glyn Davies, the President of the British Beekeepers Association, said that bees were not lazy but efficientand perhaps humans should try to follow their example instead of running about like headless chickens.（英国养蜂人协会的主席格林戴维斯说，蜜蜂不是懒惰而是有效率也许人类应该向它们学习，而不是像无头鸡一样跑来跑去。），说明格林戴维斯认为人类应该向蜜蜂学习如何提高工作效率。因此D选项“如何提高工作的效率”正确。A选项“如何更快地工作”，B选项“如何活得更久”，C选项“如何相互合作”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, C错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Perhaps in comparison to the German rate of work, the bee does look lazy（也许与德国的工作效率相比，蜜蜂确实看起来很懒），说明德国人很忙碌，工作很勤奋，蜜蜂和其对比起来就显得比较懒惰。因此B选项“非常忙碌和努力工作”正确。A选项“容易受到民族性格的影响”，原文说的是门泽尔教授的研究可能受到了民族性格的影响，而不是说德国人，所以A错误。C选项“与蜜蜂有许多共同之处”，D选项“倾向于看不起懒惰的人”在文中没有提及，所以C, D错误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段，作者指出，虽然有最新研究的结果，但蜜蜂忙碌勤奋的形象还是很难改变，最后用IBM的广告举例表明人们仍然很崇拜蜜蜂勤奋的特性。因此A选项“显示了忙碌的蜜蜂这一观念的流行”正确。B选项“强调了忙碌的蜜蜂的负面形象”，由原文可知，忙碌的蜜蜂不是一种负面形象，而是受人崇拜的正面形象，所以B错误。C选项“引发公众对忙碌的蜜蜂形象的讨论”，原文没有描述其引发的讨论，所以C错误。D选项“质疑忙碌的蜜蜂与人类的比较”，原文没有质疑，所以D错误。5. 单选题The bartender walked out _ the counter and began to drive the drunk out of the bar.问题1选项A.from beforeB.from underC.from behindD.from across【答案】C【解析】考查介词辨析。A选项before“在之前”；B选项under“在下面”；C选项behind“在后面”；D选项across“穿过”。句意：酒保从柜台后面走出来，开始把那个醉汉赶出酒吧。本句表示从柜台后面走出来。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. “The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,” says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Again. “Most of us dont need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness.” Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skill, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. “The point is, you need to do both,” Cohen says. “Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size.”1. People who are cognitively healthy are those _.2. According to Fozards argument people can make their brains work more efficiently by _.3. The findings of James and other scientists in their work _.4. Older people are generally advised to _.5. What is the passage mainly about?问题1选项A.who can remember large amounts of informationB.who are highly intelligentC.whose minds are alert and receptiveD.who are good at recognizing different sounds问题2选项A.constantly doing memory workB.taking part in various mental activitiesC.going through specific trainingD.making frequent adjustments问题3选项A.remain a theory to further provedB.have been challenged by many other expertsC.have been generally acceptedD.are practiced by the researchers themselves问题4选项A.keep fit by going in for physical activitiesB.keep mentally active by challenges through specific trainingC.maintain mental alertness through specific trainingD.maintain a balance between individual and group activities问题5选项A.How biochemical changes occur in the human brain.B.Why people should keep active not only physically but also mentally.C.How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health.D.Why people should receive special mental training as they age.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory.（研究人员已经确定，当人们动脑时，大脑中会发生化学变化，使其在注意力和记忆等认知领域更有效地发挥作用。）和第二段第一句People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in.（当人们面对的信息能让他们思考自己感兴趣的事情时，他们会变得警觉和容易接受。），说明认识健康的人大脑在注意力和记忆等感知区域的活动更加增强，变得警觉和容易接受。因此C选项“大脑是警觉的容易接受的”正确。A选项“能记住大量信息的人”，B选项“具有高度智慧的人”，D选项“善于辨别不同声音的人”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skill, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.（福扎德和其他人说，他们用不同的脑力技能挑战自己的大脑，既是因为他们喜欢这些技能，也是因为他们确信他们的一系列活动将有助于他们大脑的工作方式。），说明福扎德认为脑力活动可以帮助大脑更有效地工作。因此B选项“参加各种脑力活动”正确。A选项“不断做记忆工作”，由原文The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information（关键并不一定是学会记忆大量的信息）可知，福扎德认为没有必要持续做记忆方面的活动，所以A错误。C选项“经历特定的训练”，由原文Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness.（这种特定的训练不如能够保持精神上的警觉性来得有意义。）可知，福扎德认为这种特定的训练也没有必要，所以C错误。D选项“经常进行调整”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives.（许多专家对挑战大脑的好处深信不疑，以至于他们将这一理论运用到自己的生活中。），说明科学家们自己也正在把这种理论付诸实践。因此D选项“被研究人员自己所实践”正确。A选项“仍然是一种有待进一步证明的理论”，B选项“受到了许多其他专家的质疑”，由原文可知这个理论已经被许多科学家认可，所以A, B错误。C选项“已被普遍接受”，原文没有说该理论是否被广泛接受，所以C错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第二句Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age（科恩说，随着年龄的增长，我们经常被建议保持体育锻炼），说明多做体育活动是对老年人的一个普遍建议。因此A选项“通过参加体育活动来保持身体健康”正确。B选项“通过特定的训练来应对挑战，保持思维活跃”，C选项“通过特定的训练保持精神上的警觉性”，D选项“保持个人和集体活动的平衡”均不符合题意，所以B, C, D错误。5.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章阐述了除了体育活动，人们还应多参加脑力活动，保持思维的活力。因此B选项“为什么人们不仅在身体上而且在精神上都应该保持活跃”最能概括文章主旨。A选项“人脑中的生化变化是如何发生的”，C选项“智力活动如何影响脑细胞的健康”在文中没有提及，所以A, C错误。D选项“为什么人们在年老时应接受特殊的脑力训练”只是文章的一个方面，不能全面地概括文章主旨，所以D错误。7. 单选题The medical record shows that it was the drug, not the disease, _ killed him two years ago.问题1选项A.the effects of whichB.the effects of itC.finallyD.that【答案】D【解析】考查强调句。句意：医疗记录显示两年前是药物而不是疾病害死了他。it was.that是强调句型，强调是the drug而不是the disease，not the disease是插入语，去掉it was.that，句子仍然成立，the drug killed him two years ago。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题Just a few seconds of frenzied passion on the floor of the public bar and things would never be the same again for Michelle. It only took a few minutes to ruin her life. The end of all her hopes and dreams, her childhood and teenage innocence, all stripped away the first and only time she ever surrendered herself to a man.No one saw it happen, but the news spread fast. It wasnt long before the whole of Britain knew what had happened in the Queen VictoriaDirty Den, the landlord, had done it again. Only this time he had gone too far.For the millions who have agonized with her, Michelles pregnancy seems a terrible price to pay for one mistakea little youthful stupidity. Yet, with the increasing number of teenage single mums, its not just a problem dreamed up for a soap operaas actress Susan Tully, who plays Michelle, has discovered from hundreds of letters: Its a dilemma many young girls face.As she talks about Michelle and her baby, its easy to understand why Susan has been so successful in the role. Even though shes never had an experience like it herself, its one she recognizes all too clearly from what happens to some of her contemporaries at school. Michelle might almost be her younger sister rather than a fictional part in Britains most successful soap opera.Susan says that she never became involved with men during her school years because of her work. With her time being split equally between school and television studios, she was busy learning lines while her girlfriends were dating boys. While they went out to discos and parties in the evening she was desperately catching up on her schoolwork.“I dont feel as though Ive missed out on anything,” she insists. “And unlike a lot of my friends. Ive got plenty to look forward to. Thats whats so nice about my boyfriend now. Its very comfortable and theres lots to find out about each other.”“Its then that I feel sad for Michelle. When she should be going out and having fun, shes having to worry about whether shes going to breastfeed the baby. Shes sad to say goodbye to being a teenager.”1. What evidence is there that Michelles pregnancy is not just a problem dreamed up for a soap opera?2. How did Susan avoid the dangers that many of her school friends faced?3. According to the passage, which of the following is not true?4. What does the word “lines” in paragraph 5 mean?5. The best title for this passage is _.问题1选项A.Michelle has got several letters from some young people.B.Michelle always has several appointments every week.C.Susan became involved with men during her school years.D.Susan has got many letters from people in the same situation.问题2选项A.By thinking of Michelle as her younger sister.B.By doing many projects at home.C.By working hard at school and at the TV studio.D.By dating her boyfriend during her school years.问题3选项A.Susan played Michelle successfully in a soap opera.B.Michelles case is not rare in the British schools.C.Girls should not yield themselves to a man easily.D.Susan should have taken part in discos and parties in her school years.问题4选项A.Direction of a course.B.Words spoken by an actor.C.Thread for hanging clothes.D.Telephone connection.问题5选项A.Sorry for Susan TullyB.Sorry for MichelleC.Susans School YearsD.Susans Hopes and Dreams【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Yet, with the increasing number of teenage single mums, its not just a problem dreamed up for a soap operaas actress Susan Tully, who plays Michelle, has discovered from hundreds of letters: Its a dilemma many young girls face.（然而，随着十几岁的单身妈妈越来越多，这不仅仅是肥皂剧里才会出现的问题正如饰演米歇尔的女演员苏珊塔利从数百封信中发现的那样：这是许多年轻女孩面临的两难境地。），说明苏珊塔利收到的许多相同情况的信件证明了这不仅仅是肥皂剧里才会出现的问题。因此D选项“苏珊收到了很多相同情况的人的信”正确。A选项“米歇尔收到了几封来自一些年轻人的信”，B选项“米歇尔每周总是有几个约会”，C选项“苏珊在学生时代就开始与男人交往”均不符合题意，所以A, B, C错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第二句With her time being split equally between school and television studios, she was busy learning lines while her girlfriends were dating boys.（她把时间平均分配在了学习和演戏上，当别的女孩子在和男生约会的时候她却在忙着记台词。），说明苏珊是通过努力学习和演戏来充实自己，从而避免了她的许多朋友所面临的危险。因此C选项“通过在学校和电视工作室努力工作”正确。A选项“通过把米歇尔当作她的妹妹”，B选项“通过在家里做许多项目”，D选项“通过在上学期间与她的男朋友约会”均不符合题意，所以A, B, D错误。3.推理判断题。A选项“苏珊在一部肥皂剧中成功地扮演了米歇尔”，由原文its easy to understand why Susan has been so successful in the role.（很容易理解为什么苏珊在这个角色上如此成功）可知，苏珊在一部肥皂剧中成功地扮演了米歇尔，A选项表述正确，排除A。B选项“米歇尔的情况在英国学校里并不罕见”，由原文its one she recognizes all too clearly from what happens to some of her contemporaries at school.（从她在学校的同龄人身上发生的事情来看，她清楚地认识到了这一点。）可知，米歇尔的情况在英国学校里经常发生，B选项表述正确，排除B。C选项“女孩不应该轻易向男人屈服”，由原文The end of all her hopes and dreams, her childhood and teenage innocence, all stripped away the first and only time she ever surrendered herself to a man.（她所有希望和梦想的终点，她童年和少年时的纯真，都在她第一次也是唯一一次屈服于一个男人时被剥夺了。）可知，女孩不应该轻易向男人屈服，否则会造成很严重的后果，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“苏珊在学生时代应该去跳迪斯科、参加派对”，由原文While they went out to discos and parties in the evening she was desperately catching up on her schoolwork.（晚上，他们一起去跳迪斯科、参加派对，她却在拼命地补功课。）可知，苏珊没有去跳迪斯科、参加派对，而是通过努力学习避免了其他同学所面临的危险，D选项不符合原文，所以本题选D。4.语义推测题。由题干关键词“lines”可以定位到文章第五段第二句With her time being split equally between school and television studios, she was busy learning lines while her girlfriends were dating boys.（她把时间平均分配在了学习和演戏上，当别的女孩子在和男生约会的时候她却在忙着记台词。），说明“lines”在文中是指“剧本台词”的意思。因此B选项“演员的台词”正确。A选项“一条路线的方向”，C选项“用于悬挂衣服的线”，D选项“电话连接”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。5.主旨大意题。文章由苏珊扮演的角色米歇尔开场，然后由这个场景引发了苏珊对目前很多年轻女孩成为未成年母亲问题的一些探讨，接着她联系到了自己的生活紧张而充实。和别的同龄人不一样，她很满意目前自己和男朋友之间保持一定距离的关系，但是这又让她想到了米歇尔，为米歇尔过早地承受本不应属于她这个年龄的痛苦感到痛惜。因此B选项“为米歇尔感到难过”符合文章的主旨，最适合作为文章标题。A选项“为苏珊塔利难过”，由原文可知，苏珊没有对自己的生活感到痛惜，相反她对自己的现状非常满意，所以A错误。C选项“苏珊的学生时代”，D选项“苏珊的希望和梦想”，由原文可知，本文大量的篇幅还是围绕米歇尔展开话题的，所以C, D错误。9. 单选题The year was 1959. Location: The central African city of Leopoldville, now called Kinshasa, shortly before the waves of violent rebellion that followed the liberation of the Belgian Congo. A seemingly healthy man walked into a hospital clinic to give blood for a Western-backed study of blood diseases. He walked away and was never heard from again. Doctors analyzed his sample, froze it in a lest tube and forgot about it. A quarter-century later, in the mid-1980s, researchers studying the growing AIDS epidemic took a second look at the blood and discovered that it contained HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.And not just any HIV. The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated and may now help solve the mystery of how and when the virus made the leap from animals (monkeys or chimpanzees) to humans, according to a report published last week in Nature. Dr. David Ho, director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center in New York City and one of the studys authors, says a careful genetic analysis of samples DNA pushes the putative origin of the AIDS epidemic back at least a decade, to the early 1950s or even the 1940s.Over the past 15 years, scientists have identified at least 10 subtypes of the AIDS virus. But they couldnt tell whether they were seeing variations on one changeable virus or the handiwork of several different viruses that had made the jump from primates to man. A close look at the genetic mutations in the Leop