2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前模拟强化练习题26（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题1. Britain almost more than any other country in the world most seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.2. It is said that the English man objects to this type of existence, but if the case is such, he does in fact differ from the inhabitants of most countries of the world today.3. In the past our own blocks of flats have been associated with the lower-income groups and they have lacked the obvious provisions, such as central heating, constant hot water supply, electrically operated lifts from bottom to the top, and so on, as well as such details as easy facilities for disposal of dust and rubbish and storage places for baby carriages in the ground floor, playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings, and drying grounds for washing.4. It is likely that the dispute regarding flats versus (对，对抗) individual houses will continue to rage on for a long time as far as Britain is concerned.5. Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption that everyone prefers an individual home and garden. They also ignore the higher cost of providing full services to a scattered community and the cost in both money and time of the journeys to work.【答案】1. 英国几乎比世界上其他任何国家都更加需要严肃对待建筑物向高空发展的问题，也就是说，要在很高的公寓楼里面容纳下人口总数的一大部分的问题。2. 据说英国人反对这种居住方式，但是倘若情况如此的话，那么英国人确实不同于今天世界上大多数国家的居民。3. 过去，我们的住宅小区和低收入人群相联系，它们缺乏一些必须设施，比如中央供暖设备、稳定的热水供应、贯通上下的电梯等等。还有一些细节之处，如灰尘和垃圾的简单处理设施，一楼的婴儿车存放处，楼顶的儿童游乐场，以及衣服的晾晒场地。4. 就英国而言，关于公寓与私人住宅的争论很可能会持续很长一段时间。5. 那些反对建公寓的人所根据的主要理由是，他们认为每个人都想拥有单独的住宅和花园。他们还忽视了为分散的社区提供全面服务的较高成本，以及上班路上的金钱和时间成本。2. 单选题Bringing up children is a hard work, and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Harris has good news for you. Parents, she argues, have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood. Ms. Harris takes to hitting the assumption, which has dominated developmental psychology for almost half a century.Ms. Harriss attack on the developmentalists “nature” argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. If parents matter, why is it that two adopted children, reared in the same home, are no more similar in personality than two adopted children reared in separate homes? Or that a pair of identical twins, reared in the same home, are no more alike than a pair of identical twins reared in different homes?Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer (同龄人) group in childhood and adolescence. Ms. Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak. But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for. Certainly it is different from growing up tensely or relaxed, or from learning to be honest or hard-working or generous. Easy though it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more.Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely. Young adults may, as Ms. Harris argues, be keen to appear like their peers. But even in those early years, parents have the power to open doors: they may initially choose the peers with whom their young associate, and pick that influential neighborhood. Moreover, most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents more in middle age, and that peoples child bearing habits may be formed partly by what their parents did. So the balance of influences is probably complicated, as most parents already suspected without being able to demonstrate it scientifically. Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection, discipline and good example, parents are not completely off the hook.1. According to Ms. Harris, _.2. Which of the following views is consistent with what the developmentalists hold?3. According to Para. 3, which of the following statements is TRUE?4. The word “ditched” could be best replaced by _.5. What is the authors main purpose?问题1选项A.parents are to blame for any bad behavior of their childrenB.parents will affect greatly the childrens life in the long runC.nature rather than nurture has a significant effect on childrens personality developmentD.childrens personality is shaped by their friends and neighbors问题2选项A.Children are more influenced by their peers than by their parents.B.Twins are quite different if they are reared in two separate families.C.Identical twins reared in the same home are different in personality.D.Nurture has a less significant effect on childrens personality development.问题3选项A.It is harder to track the precise effects of parental upbringing than the exact influence of the peer group in children.B.Immigrant children tend to discard the way their parents speak quickly when they go to school.C.It has been proved that peers have more impact on childrens qualities such as to be honest or hard-working or generous.D.It is easier for children to acquire a language at school than at home.问题4选项A.provedB.emphasizedC.comparedD.ignored问题5选项A.To highly praise Ms. Harriss work.B.To counter Ms. Harriss work.C.To objectively report on Ms. Harriss work.D.To critically comment on Ms. Harriss work.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第三、四句Parents, she argues, have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood.（她认为，父母对孩子个性的发展没有重要的长期影响。更重要的是他们在操场上的朋友和邻居。），说明哈里斯女士认为孩子的个性塑造受到朋友和邻居的影响。因此D选项“孩子的个性是由他们的朋友和邻居塑造的”正确。A选项“父母应该为他们孩子的任何不良行为负责”，B选项“从长远来看，父母将极大地影响孩子的人生”，C选项“天生的而不是后天的因素对孩子的个性发展有很大的影响”均与原文意思相反，所以A, B, C错误。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Ms. Harriss attack on the developmentalists “nature” argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having.（哈里斯女士对发展主义者的“自然”论点的攻击似乎加深了人们对这一职业已经存在的怀疑。），说明哈里斯女士和发展主义者的观点截然不同，哈里斯女士认为孩子的个性塑造受到朋友和邻居的影响，而发展主义者强调父母对孩子的影响，认为教育对孩子的影响更大，所以A选项“孩子受同龄人的影响比受父母的影响更大”，D选项“天生的因素对孩子个性发展的影响不大”不属于发展主义者的观点，A, D错误。由于哈里斯女士所举的双胞胎例子与发展主义者的观点相反，那么后者的观点应该是：双胞胎在同一个家庭长大则个性相同，在不同的家庭长大个性会有很大的差异，所以C选项“在同一家庭中长大的同卵双胞胎在性格上是不同的”错误。因此B选项“如果双胞胎在两个不同的家庭中长大，他们就会有很大不同”正确。3.客观细节题。A选项“追踪父母教养的确切影响比追踪同龄人群体对孩子的确切影响更难”，由原文Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer group in childhood and adolescence.（虽然很难追踪父母教养的确切影响，但要衡量同龄人群体在童年和青春期的确切影响可能更困难。）可知后者更难，所以A错误。C选项“事实证明，同龄人对儿童的品质，如诚实、勤奋、慷慨等方面的影响更大”，由原文Easy though it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more.（尽管要证明父母对这些品质的影响很小很容易，但要证明同龄人对这些品质的影响要大得多却很难。）可知，很难证明同龄人对这些品质的影响更大，所以C错误。D选项“儿童在学校比在家里更容易掌握一种语言”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。B选项“移民的孩子在上学时往往会很快抛弃他们父母的说话方式”，由原文Ms. Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak.（哈里斯指出，来自移民家庭的孩子在学校很快就学会了不像父母那样说话。）可知，移民的孩子在学校很快就会抛弃父母的说话方式，所以B正确。4.语义推测题。由题干关键词“ditched”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely.（此外，父母当然不能被完全抛弃。），说明不能完全忽视父母的影响，可以推断出“ditched”在文中是指“忽视”的意思。因此D选项“忽视”正确。A选项“证明”，B选项“强调”，C选项“比较”均不符合题意，所以A, B, C错误。5.观点态度题。结合全文来看，作者基本上同意哈里斯女士的观点，即家长对孩子的影响并不是人们所认为的那么重要，影响孩子成长的还有外界的因素。但作者在第三段中提到，哈里斯女士在说明问题时所举的例子不恰当，因为它强调了技能而不是个性，接着在第四段中说到，虽然孩子们极力要向他们的同龄人看齐，但家长们对他们的早期影响是不可忽视的，说明作者对哈里斯女士观点的态度是批判性的。因此D选项“对哈里斯女士的工作进行批判性评论”正确。A选项“高度赞扬哈里斯女士的工作”，B选项“反驳哈里斯女士的工作”，作者没有完全绝对地赞同或反对哈里斯女士的观点，所以A、B错误。C选项“客观地报告哈里斯女士的工作”，作者除了客观介绍了哈里斯女士的观点之外，也提出了自己的主观看法，所以C错误。3. 单选题I hear many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching at one anothers hands for reassurance.They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up huddled round listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon (蚕茧)into a larger cocoon.It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. And many of todays parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path.But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you dont care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will comewith the people who respect you for who you are. Thats the only kind of popularity that really counts.1. The authors purpose in writing this passage is to tell _.2. According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own, but, in fact, most of them _.3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?4. The author thinks of advertisements as _.5. During the teenage years, one should learn to _.问题1选项A.readers how to be popular with people aroundB.teenagers how to learn to decide things for themselvesC.parents how to control and guide their childrenD.people how to understand and respect each other问题2选项A.have much difficulty understanding each otherB.lack confidenceC.dare not cope with problems single-handedD.are very much afraid of getting lost问题3选项A.There is no popularity that really counts.B.What many parents are doing is in fact hindering their children from finding their own paths.C.It is not necessarily bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates.D.Most teenagers claim that they want to do what they like to, but they are actually doing the same.问题4选项A.convincingB.influentialC.instructiveD.authoritative问题5选项A.differ from others in as many ways as possibleB.get into the right season and become popularC.find ones real selfD.rebel against parents and the popularity wave【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文可知，本文对当前青少年的心理及行为加以剖析，认为他们虽然向标榜自己特立独行，却还是顺应大流，和其他人做一样的事，最后提出建议：青少年应该发现自己，做你自己。因此B选项“青少年如何学会为自己决定事情”正确。A选项“读者如何受到周围人的欢迎”，C选项“父母如何控制和引导他们的孩子”，D选项“人们如何理解和尊重对方”在文中均没有提及，所以A, C, D错误。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching at one anothers hands for reassurance.（他们中的大多数人都紧紧抓住彼此的手寻求安慰，而不是大胆地独来独往。），说明作者认为大部分青少年不敢大胆做自己，这是缺乏自信的表现。因此B选项“缺乏自信”正确。A选项“互相理解有很大困难”，C选项“不敢单枪匹马地处理问题”，D选项“非常害怕迷路”在文中均没有提及，所以A, C, D错误。3.客观细节题。B选项“许多父母所做的实际上是在阻碍他们的孩子找到自己的道路”，由原文And many of todays parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path.（如今许多父母都对自己孩子的受欢迎程度给予了高分。所有这些对想要找到自己道路的青少年来说都是一个巨大的障碍。）可知，B选项表述正确，排除B。C选项“青少年与同学意见相左并不一定是坏事”，由原文You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you dont care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it.（你可能想听古典音乐，而不是去参加聚会。当其他人都在收集唱片时，你可能想要收集石头。你可能有一些想法不愿意立即与你的同学分享。那就去做吧。）可知，作者支持青少年和同学有不同的想法，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“大多数青少年声称他们想做自己喜欢的事，但实际上他们也在做同样的事”，由原文They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up huddled round listening to the same record.（他们声称自己想穿什么就穿什么。但他们都穿了一样的衣服。他们想听新的音乐。但不知为何，他们最后都挤在一起听同一张唱片。）可知，D选项表述正确，排除D。A选项“没有真正意义上的受欢迎”，由原文Popularity will comewith the people who respect you for who you are. Thats the only kind of popularity that really counts.（你会受欢迎的，因为人们尊重你的为人。这是唯一一种真正重要的受欢迎程度。）可知，作者认为有真正意义上的受欢迎，A选项不符合原文，所以本题选A。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be.（现在每个青少年都可以从广告中学到青少年应该拥有什么和成为什么样的人。），说明青少年会受广告宣传的影响。因此B选项“有影响力的”正确。A选项“有说服力的”，C选项“指导性的”，D选项“权威性的”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句Find yourself. Be yourself.（发现自己。做你自己。），说明作者认为青少年应该学会发现真正的自己。因此C选项“找到真正的自我”正确。A选项“在尽可能多的方面与他人不同”，B选项“融入合适的时期，成为受欢迎的人”，D选项“反抗父母和流行的浪潮”均不符合题意，所以A, B, D错误。4. 单选题I prefer his plan to yours, _ it is more practical and easier to be carried out.问题1选项A.for whichB.for thatC.in whichD.in that【答案】D【解析】考查原因状语从句。句意：与你的计划相比，我更喜欢他的计划，因为它更实际，也更容易实施。in that是固定搭配，意为“因为”，相当于for the reason that, because，可用于引导原因状语从句。其他三项不能引导原因状语从句。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题As the English language has changed at a fast speed in this century, so has the use of the English language.After the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) was founded in 1927, the particular style of speech of the BBC announcers was recognized as Standard English or Received Pronunciation (RP) English. Now, most people still consider that the pronunciation and delivery of BBC announcers is the clearest and most understandable spoken English.English has had a strong association with class and social status. However, since the Second World War there has been a considerable change of attitude towards speech snobbery, and hallmarks of class distinction such as styles of speech have been gradually discarded, especially by the younger generation.As the need has arisen, new words have been invented or found from other languages and incorporated into English. Similarly, old words and expressions have been discarded as their usefulness has diminished or the fashions have passed. This also happens to styles and modes of speech which became fashionable at a particular time and in specific circumstances.By the end of the 1960s it became apparent that it was not necessary to speak Standard English or even correct grammar to become popular, successful and rich. The fashionable speech of the day was no longer the prerogative of a privileged class but rather a defiant expression of class lessness.The greatest single influence of the shaping of the English language in modern times is the American English. Over the last 25 years the English used by many people, particularly by those in the media, advertising and show business, has become more and more mid-Atlantic in style, delivery and accent.In the 1970s, fashion favored stressless pronunciation and a language full of jargon, slang and “in” words, much of it quite incomprehensible to the outside world. What is considered modern and fashionable in Britain today is often not the kind of English taught in schools and colleges.1. Which one of the following is NOT true?2. What does the author imply by saying “there has been a considerable change of attitude towards speech snobbery” (Para. 3)?3. According to the author, there was a trend in the U. S. for the young people _.4. The word “mid-Atlantic” in the passage (Para. 6) probably means _.5. It can be concluded from the passage that _.问题1选项A.The use of the English language has not changed much in this century.B.The BBC announcers speak Standard English.C.English has no association with class and social status now.D.Young people all speak English in the same way.问题2选项A.People all speak English like BBC announcers.B.There is a great change of attitude about how English should be spoken.C.Some people still think their way of speaking is inferior.D.Most people dont believe their way of speaking is inferior.问题3选项A.to speak Standard EnglishB.to speak English without class distinctionC.to speak English with class distinctionD.to speak English with grammar mistakes问题4选项A.American and EuropeanB.American and BritishC.the Atlantic OceanD.in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean问题5选项A.Standard English is taught in school and collegesB.the young people are defiant because they refuse to speak Standard EnglishC.English language is influenced by American English in the last 25 yearsD.there has been a great change in the English language in this century【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段As the English language has changed at a fast speed in this century, so has the use of the English language.（在这个世纪里，随着英语语言的快速变化，英语语言的使用也在快速变化。），说明随着英语语言有了很大的改变，英语语言的使用也同样如此。因此A选项“本世纪以来，英语的使用没有什么变化”与原文不符，本题选A。B选项“BBC的播音员说的是标准英语”，C选项“现在英语与阶级和社会地位没有关联”，D选项“年轻人都以同样的方式说英语”在文中均有所提及，所以排除B, C, D。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句However, since the Second World War there has been a considerable change of attitude towards speech snobbery（然而，自第二次世界大战以来，人们对言语势利的态度发生了相当大的变化），“言语势利”是指通过言语判断社会阶层，说明大部分人不认为标准英语有什么了不起了。因此D选项“大多数人不认为他们的说话方式是低劣的”正确。A选项“人们都像BBC播音员一样说英语”在文中没有提及，所以A错误。B选项“对如何说英语的态度有了很大的改变”，原文只说对于言语势利的态度发生了变化，所以B错误。C选项“有些人仍然认为他们的说话方式是低劣的”与原文意思相反，所以C错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句and hallmarks of class distinction such as styles of speech have been gradually discarded, especially by the younger generation.（诸如言论风格等阶级区分的标志逐渐被摒弃，尤其是在年轻一代中。），说明年轻人使用英语没有了阶级划分。因此B选项“说英语不分等级”正确。A选项“说标准英语”，C选项“说有阶级差别的英语”，D选项“说有语法错误的英语”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。4.推理判断题。由题干关键词“mid-Atlantic”可以定位到文章第六段第二句Over the last 25 years the English used by many people, particularly by those in the media, advertising and show business, has become more and more mid-Atlantic in style, delivery and accent.（在过去的25年里，许多人使用的英语，尤其是媒体、广告和演艺界使用的英语，在风格、表达方式和口音上越来越像大西洋中部的英语。），说明美式英语对英语影响很大，前文第二段又说到BBC英式英语一直是标准英语，那么现在的英语就必定是受美式英语很大影响的英式英语，而地理上大西洋正好位于英、美之间。因此B选项“美国和英国”正确。A选项“美国和欧洲”，C选项“大西洋”，D选项“在大西洋的中间”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。5.推理判断题。A选项“学校里教的是标准英语”，由原文可知，标准英语就是BBC英语，学校不可能都在教BBC英语，所以A错误。B选项“年轻人拒讲标准英语因为他们是叛逆的”，由原文可知，年轻人主要是不想在讲话时显出阶级差别，事实上二战后很多人都这样，不仅是年轻人，不能根据这一点说明年轻人是叛逆的，所以B错误。C选项“在过去的25年里，英语受到美国英语的影响”，由原文可知，语言的影响是一个长期的过程，不能说在特定一段时间影响，所以C错误。D选项“本世纪以来，英语有了很大的变化”，根据文章第一段As the English language has changed at a fast speed in this century, so has the use of the English language.（在这个世纪里，随着英语语言的快速变化，英语语言的使用也在快速变化。）可知，本世纪以来英语有了很大的变化，所以D选项正确。6. 翻译题I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on ones own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction (收缩) of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable.Our local grocers shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing (排队) up at a supermarket. And the proprietor (店主) knows well that personal service has a substantial cash valu