八年级上册英语语法讲解与练习

1 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation 词语辨析 1 anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词 anywhere 在任何地方 常用于否定句和疑问句中 I can t find it anywhere somewhere 在某处 到某处 常用于肯定句 I lost my key somewhere near here 2 seem 形容词 看起来 You seem happy today seem to do sth 似乎 好像做某事 I seem to have a cold I seems seemed 从句 看起来好像 似乎 It seems that no one believe you seem like 好像 似乎 It seems like a god idea 3 decide to do sth 决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum decide 疑问词 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave 4 start doing sth start to do sth 开始 可与 begin 互换 He started doing his homework 但以下几种情况不能用 begin 1 创办 开办 He started a new bllkshop last month 2 机器开动 I can t start my car 3 出发 动身 I will start tomorrow morning 5 over 介词 多于 超过 在 以上 表示数目 程度 more than My father is over 40 years old 在 之上 与物体垂直且不接触 与 under 相反 There is a map over the blackboard 超过 I hear the news over the radio 遍及 I want to travel all over the world 6 too many 太多 后接可数名词复数 Mother bought too many eggs yesterday too much 太多 修饰不可数名词 修饰动词作状语 We have too much work to do Don t talk too much much too 太 修饰形容词或副词 The hat is much too big for me You re walking much too fast 分辨三者的口诀 too much much too 用法区别看后头 much 后接不可数 too 后修饰形或副 too many 要记住 后面名词必复数 7 because of 介词短语 因为 由于 后接名词 代词或动名词 不能接句子 He can t take a walk because of the rain because 连词 因为 引导状语从句 表示直接明确的原因或理由 2 I don t buy the shirt because it was too expensive Unit 2 How often do you exercise 词语辨析 1 how often 多久一次 用来提问动作发生的频率 回答用 once twice three times 等词语 How often do you play sports Three times a week how long 多长 用来询问多长时间 也可询问某物有多长 How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here How long is the ruler how for 多远 用来询问距离 指路程的远近 How far is it from here to the park It s about 2 kilometers 2 free 空闲的 有空的 反义词为 busy be free 有空 闲着 相当于 have time I ll be free next week I ll have time next week 还可作 免费的 自由的 解 be free to do sth 自由地做某事 The tickets are free You re free to go or to stay 3 How come 怎么会 怎么回事 表示某件事情很奇怪 有点想不通 可 单独使用 也可引导一个问句 相当于疑问句 why 但 how come 开头的 特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序 How come Tom didn t come to the party Why didn t Tom come to the party 4 stay up late 指 熬夜到很晚 迟睡 Don t stay up late next time stay up 指 熬夜 不睡觉 He stayed up all night to write his story 5 go to bed 强调 上床睡觉 的动作及过程 但人不一定睡着 I went to bed at eleven last night go to sleep 强调 入睡 睡着 进入梦乡 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon 6 find 宾语 名词 发现 We have found him to be a good boy find 宾语 形容词 发现 He found the room dirty find 宾语 现在分词 发现 I found her standing at the door 7 percent 百分数 基数词 percent percent 没有复数形式 作主语时 根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls Thirty percent of time passed 8 more than 超过 多于 不仅仅 相当于 over 在句型转换中考查两者的同 义替换 反义词组为 less than I lived in Shanghai for more than over ten years 3 9 afraid 形容词 担心的 害怕的 在句中作表语 不用在名词前作定语 I m afraid we can t come here on time be afraid of sb sth 害怕某人 某事 be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 Some children are afraid of the dark Don t be afraid of asking question I m afraid 从句 恐怕 担心 I m afraid I have to go now 10 sometimes sometime some times some time 的区别 sometimes 频度副词 有时 表示动作发生的不经常性 多与一般现在时连用 可位于句首 句中或句末 Sometimes I get up very early How often do you get up sometime 副词 某个时候 表示不确切或不具体的时间 常用于过去时或将 来时 对它用疑问词 when I will go to Shanghai sometime next week When will you go to Shanghai next week some times 名词词组 几次 几倍 其中 time 是可数名词 对它提问用 how many times I have read the story some times How many times have you read the story some time 名词短语 一段时间 表示 一段时间 时 句中谓语动词常为延续 性动词 提问时用 How long I ll stay here for some time How long will you stay here Unit 3 I m more outgoing than my sister 词语辨析 laugh v 说到某事持续多久则用 for 说到某事具体发生的时间用 in We visited many places of interest during the summer holiday I ve been here for two weeks They usually leave school in July 一般将来时结构 肯定式 主语 will shall 动词原形 其他 will 用于各种人称 shall 用于第一人称 主语 be going to 动词原形 其他 be 随人称 数和时间的变化而变换 否定式 在 will shall be 后面加 not will not won t 一般疑问句 将 will shall be 提到主语前面 There be 句型的一般将来时 There will be 主语 其他 意为 将会有 一般疑问句形式为 Will there be 主语 其他 肯定回答是 Yes there will 否定回答是 No there won t 否定形式是 There won t be 主语 其他 将不会有 特殊疑问句是 疑问词 词组 一般疑问句 When will there be a nice basketball match 练习 用 more less fewer 填空 1 In the future there will be fresh water because there will be pollution in the sea 2 In 100 years there will be cars because there will be people in the cities 3 There will be job for people because robots will do the same jobs as people 4 I think there will be cities because people will build buildings in the country 5 In 50 years people will have free time because there will be things to do 补全对话 Girl Mon what will the future like Mom Well no one knows what the future will be Girl But I be beautiful like you I be a pilot I want to fly up into the sky Mom You re already beautiful And you should study hard Then you be a pilot Girl OK I must study hard then 13 Mom But you should also remember that will both good and bad things in life Girl Oh but I m not scared Mom because you help me 1 Traveling to space is no longer just a dream Russia the first hotel in space in the near future A builds B will build C built D has built 2 There a football match on CCTV 5 at nine tomorrow evening A will have B is going to be C is having 3 In 50 years there more robots in people s homes A were B will have C will be D have 4 Will people live to be 300 years old A No they aren t B No they won t C No they don t D No they can t 5 They any classes next week A will have B won t have C have D had Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake 短语用法 How many 可数名词复数 How much 不可数名词 let sb do sth want to do sth forget to do sth how to do sth There are many reasons for 一段时间 ago by doing sth need to do sth make 宾语 形容词 It s time for sb to do sth First Next Then Finally We need one cup of yogurt 主谓一致判断法 1 不可数名词作主语时 谓语动词用单数 2 动名词或动词不定式作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 3 either or neither nor not only but also 连接两个名词或代词作主语 时 谓语动词与邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致 4 在 here there 开头的倒装句中 谓语动词与后面的名词在数上保持一致 词语辨析 1 turn on 打开 接通 电源 气 水 反义词是 turn off 2 turn up turn down 调高 低音量 3 pour into 将 倒入 灌入 into 是 进入 in 是 在 内 14 在 put throw break lay fall 等动词之后 既可用 in 也可用 into 但 in 可作副 词 into 不能 He put all the books in into the bag Come in 3 有关 make 的短语 make the bed 铺床 make tea 沏茶 make trouble 惹麻烦 make money 赚钱 make a decision 做决定 make a telephone call 打电话 make a visit 拜访 make a mistake 犯错误 make a noise 弄出噪音 make a living 谋生 make sure 务必 4 one more thing another one thing 基数词 more 名词 another 基数词 名词 5 fill with 用 填充 be filled with be full of 充满 The boy filled the bottle with sand The bag was full of clothes 6 cover with 用 把 覆盖 be covered with 被 所覆盖 cover n 封面 盖子 Ann covered her face with her hands The cover of the magazine is nice 7 It s time for sb to do sth 到某人做某事的时候了 It s time for sth 到做某事的时候了 Unit 9 Can you come to my party 短语用法 invite sb to do sth help sb to do sth What a an 形容词 可数名词单数 主语 谓语 What 形容词 名词复数 不可数名词 主语 谓语 be sad to do sth see sb to do sth see sb doing sth the best way to do sth have a surprise party for sb look forward to doing sth reply to sth sb What s today What s the date today What day is it today 词语辨析 1 prepare 意为 准备 强调准备的动作与过程 宾语是这一动作的承受者 其后也可接双宾语 还可接不定式 prepare for sth 为 准备好 for 的宾 语不是动作的承受者 而是表示准备的目的 即所要应付的情况 prepare to do sth 准备做某事 prepare 强调准备的动作与过程 宾语是这一动作的承受者 其后也可接双宾语 还可接不定式 get be ready 意为 准备好 强调准备的结果 常见结构有 be ready for sth get sth ready be ready for sth be get ready to do 准备干某事 乐于干某事 15 We the mid term examination Miss Li said Everyone should before class 2 hang out 常去某处 泡在某处 hang on 紧紧抓住 hang about 闲荡 hang up 挂电话 悬挂 挂起 3 catch you bye bye catch a cold 感冒 catch sb s eye 引起某人注意 catch the train 赶上火车 catch up with 赶上 跟上 catch hold of 抓 住 4 accept 接受 反义词为 refuse accept 指主观上愿意接受 receive 收 到 指客观上收到或拿到 但主观上不一定会接受 I received his gift yesterday but I wouldn t like to accept it 5 turn down refuse 拒绝 turn up 放大 调高 turn over 翻身 take turns 依次 轮流 6 help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 help sb with sth 在某方面帮助人 help oneself to sth 随便吃 7 at the end of 在 末尾 在 尽头 by the end of 到 末为止 in the end of 终于 8 surprised 形容词 感到意外的 主语是人 be surprised to do sth 对做某事感 到意外 surprising 形容词 令人惊讶的 主语是物 The news was surpring surprise 名词 惊奇 惊讶 to one s surprise 动词 使惊奇 使感 到意外 It surprise sb to do sth 9 look forward to 期待 盼望 to 是介词 后跟名词 代词或动名词作宾语 hear from sb 收到某人的来信 receive a letter from sb hear of hear about 听说 10 reply 回答 指用口头或书面形式回答 不及物动词 reply to sb sth 对 作出回答 作及物动词 意为回答 回答说 作名词 意为答道 回信 答复 后跟介词 to answer 是最普通的用语 包括口头 书面或行动的回答 可作及物和不及 物动词 阅读邀请回答问题 Dear Parents I would like to invite you to the opening of our new library at No 9 High School The 16 opening will be on the morning of Wednesday January 8th at 9 00 After this you can enjoy our school concert Then lunch will be in the school hall at 12 00 I would also like to invite each parent to bring one book as a gift for the new library Please reply in writing to this invitation by Friday December 20th Larry Smith Headmaster 1 Who is making the invitation 2 What is the invitation for 3 When will the event happen 4 What will happen after this 5 Do parents have to bring anything 6 How should people reply to this invitation and when Unit 10 If you go to the party you ll have a great time 习惯用法 ask sb to do sth give sb sth tell sb to do sth too to do sth be afraid to do sth advise sb to do sth It s best not to do sth need to do sth 用下列的短语填空 discuss your problems tell her parents unless you talk run away from talk to someone share her problems to do nothing Students often have a lot of problems and worries Laura Mills thinks the worst thing is She thinks you ll feel worse if you don t about your problems Laura remembers that she once lost her wallet and was afraid to about it Now she believes you cannot feel better to someone She says she will always in the future Robert Hunt agrees with Laura He thinks you should not your problems but you should try to solve them If you cannot talk to an expert like Robert you can with your parents because they have a lot of experience 用单词完成对话 A Hi Sally you to the party tomorrow B I to but I can t A Oh But you don t to to the party you miss all the fun B I know But I got into a with my parents A Hmm then you should just say to your parents B I guess you re right I talk to them tonight 用所给的单词填空 meeting teenager video experience 1 If my family travels to a new country this summer I ll send you a letter about my 2 Will you watch the with me if you re free this weekend 3 If the stay out too lat their parents will worry about them 17 4 I ll go to the if it ends by 5 00p m