初中英语形容词和副词.doc

形容词1、形容词的一般用法（1）.作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。Its a cold and windy day.（2.）作表语，放在系动词的后面。(look, feel, smell, sound.)He looks happy today.（3.）形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。Would you like something hot to drink？（4.）表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。How long is the river？ Its about two hundred metres long.（5.）只能作表语的形容词：afraid；alone；asleep；awake；alive；well健康的；ill；frightenedThe man is ill.（正）The ill man is my uncle.（误）（6.）只能作定语的形容词：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木质的；woolen羊毛质的；elder年长的My elder brother is in Beijing.（正）My brother is elder. （误）（7）.貌似副词的形容词：lonely；friendly；lively；lovely 2、形容词常用句型（1）.“Its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人（做某事）怎么样”。=Sb +be +adj+to do sth 注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good，kind，nice，polite ，clever ，foolish ，lazy ，careful，careless，right（正确的），wrong等。Its very kind of you to help me.（=You are very kind to help me.）（2）.“Its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。=To do sth is adj for sb .注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important，necessary，difficult，easy，hard，dangerous，safe，useful，pleasant，interesting，impossible等。Its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.（=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.）（3）.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad，pleased，sad，thankful等常接不定式。Im very sad to hear the bad news.（4.）表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready（乐意的，有准备的），able（有能力的），sure（一定），certain（一定）等常接不定式。Lei Feng is always ready to help others.He is sure to get to school on time.副词 1、副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为：方式副词：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly程度副词：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite地点副词：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home时间副词：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still频度副词：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never否定副词：no，not，neither，nor疑问副词：where，how，why其他：also，too，only2、副词的基本用法：(1).副词是用来修饰形容词、其他副词,一般放在被修饰词之前.He plays the piano very well .(2). 副词是用来修饰动词,常放在动词之后.He got up quickly(3).enough 修饰adj /adv 时,放在其后.He is old enough to go to school .3、常见副词用法辨析(1).already与yet的区别already用于肯定句句中，表示“已经”；yet用于否定句句末，表示“还”，用于疑问句句末，表示“已经”He had_left when I called.Have you found your ruler_？(2) very，much和very much.的区别very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用very much.John is _ honest.This garden is_ bigger than that one.Thank you _.(3.)so与such的区别1)so修饰形容词或副词；such 修饰名词，My brotherruns so fast that I cant follow him.He is such a boy.2)so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词He is _ clever a boy.=He is _ a clever boy.It is_cold weather. They are _good students.3)名词前有many ,much, few ,little (少量的) 用so 不用such .(多多少少仍用so) 但little 表示 “小的” 用such.There are _ little sheep on the hill .(4).also，too，as well与either 的区别also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be动词，情态动词，助动词之后，行为动词之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。例如，My father is a teacher. My mother is _a teacher.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher _.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，_.I cant speak French Jenny cant speak French，_.(5).sometime，sometimes，some time与some times的区别sometime：表示将来的或过去的某一个不确定的时间。sometimes：有时，不时的= at times some time：一段时间some times：几次，几倍Well have a test _next month._ we are busy and sometimes we are not.He stayed in Beijing for _ last year.I have been to Beijing _.(6).ago与before的区别ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。I saw him ten minutes _.He told me that he had seen the film_.(7).now，just与just now的区别now：与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为“现在”just：与现在完成时连用，表示“刚”just now：和过去时连用，表示“刚才”Where does he live_？We have _ seen the film. He was here_. (8).lonely / alone 的区别1).alone 独自一人/没有同伴, 既可作adj 也可作adv.2).lonely 表示孤独,寂寞, 也可修饰地点,表示荒凉,偏僻的，常与feel 连用。3).alone 只作表语 (以a开头的形容词一般只作表语,不作定语)而lonely 既可作表语,也可作定语) He lives _ on a _ island . He is _ ,but he doesnt feel _.(9).fast /quickly /soon 的区别. fast 表示速度之快 quickly表示动作之快 soon表示时间之快 Im leaving home this afternoon . Really ? Why so _? A.fast B.soon C.quickly D.early 形容词，副词的比较级、最高级 1、规则变化(1).一般在词尾直接加er或est， tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest(2.)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st， nice-nicer-nicest(3).以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est， heavy-heavier-heaviest(4).重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est， big-bigger-biggest注: 大,红,湿,热,悲,瘦,胖.双写末辅再变级.（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat ）(5).部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级， beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful注:表示否定意义在其前加less /least important-less important-least important English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English .(6.)由 “形容词+ly”构成的副词,在其前加more/ most slowly-more slowly-most slowly；但earlyearlier-earliest 2、不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldold / elderold /eldestbad/badly/illworseworstfarfarther (距离)/further（程度）farthest /furthest下列单、双音节词只能加more和most原级比较级最高级like(想似的)more likemost likereal(真的)more realmost real tiredmore tiredmost tired pleasedmore pleasedmost pleasedoftenmore oftenmost often注: 形容词,副词同形有: back , high , well ,fast, early, late ,straight 3.形容词，副词等级的用法（1）、原级的用法1).只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，tooHe is too tired to walk on. My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.2.)原级常用的句型结构A= B-A+ as +adj / adv的原级+ as +B 表示 “A和B一样”Tom is as old as Kate.Tom runs as fast as Mike. AB-A +not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B 表示 “A不如B”This room is not as/so big as that one. He doesnt walk as slowly as you.4、比较级的用法(1).可以修饰比较级的词.much，a lot，far，的多a little，a bit，一点儿even甚至，still仍然Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. Tom looks even younger than before.(2.)比较级常用的句型结构 “甲+形容词/副词的比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”Tom is taller than Kate. I got up earlier than my mother this morning.5.最高级的用法1).结构: the +最高级+ of +人或物( in +地点) He is the tallest of all the boys He works hardest in his class . 注:副词的最高级前the 可省掉2).the +序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .3).one of +the +形容词的最高级+复数名词He is one of the cleverest students in our class. 4). “特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。 Which season do you like （the） best，spring，summer or autumn？6.级别的转换1).原级与比较级的转换 a). 倍数+ as as (倍数-1)+比较级+than This room is five times as big as that one =This room is_ _bigger than that one . b).not asas 与比较级的转换 A +not as as + B A+比较级(反义词的比较级) +than +B B+比较级+than+A Mary is not as old as Tom .= Mary is _ _ Tom. = Tom is _ _ Mary . This book is not as expensive as that one = This book is _ _ than that one = That book is _ _than this one .2).比较级与最高级的转换 a). the +最高级+ of / in b). 比较级+than+any other +单数名词 +the other +复数名词 +anyone else +any of the other+复名 c). Nobody else + 比较级 + than Tom is the tallest boy in our class .Tom is taller than _ _ boy in our class.Tom is taller than _ _ in our class._ _ is taller than Tom in our class.7.级别的惯用法(1). “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。He is getting taller and taller.(2.) “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.(3).“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+”表示“甲是两者中较的”。(of the twins/parents)Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two. (4).当adj 的最高级前有物主代词,名词所有格,指示代词时,不用the . This is my best book of all.(5).相比较的前后两部分必须是同类比较. My pencil is longer than _(you).(6).比较时不能与自身相比 注: 当相比较的两者属于同一范围/类别时,为了与自身相比较, 要用any other +单数名词. 若两者不属于同一范围/类别时,不必用other ,直接用any + 单数名词. He is taller than _ boy in his class. He is taller than _boy in our class . A.any B.any other (7).有些含有比较级的句子里，常用that(单数、不可数名词)、those (复数名词)代替前面提到的词，以避免重复。The weather in Beijing is colder than _ in Guangzhou in winter .The boys in our class are more than _ in your class .【基础练习】( ) 1 Your room is _ than mine. A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times ( ) 2 When spring comes, it gets_. A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter ( )3 _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested ( )4 I like_ one of the two books. A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older ( ) 5 Which do you like _, tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. most ( ) 6 This work is _ for me than for you. A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult ( ) 7 Who jumped_of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far ( ) 8 Li Lei is_ student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest ( ) 9 Tom is one of _ boys in our class. A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall ( ) 10 English is one of_ spoken in the world. A. the important languages B. the most important languages C. most important language D. the most important language ( )11. Most of the woods _ been taken good care of. A. are B. is C. has D. have ( )12 Im not _ to lift the heavy box. A. short enough B. enough tall C. health enough D. strong enough ( )13 Which is_, Li Lei or Wu Tong? A. strong B. strongest C. stronger D. the strongest ( )14 Do you have _ to tell us? A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything ( ) 15. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _.A. more and rich B. more rich and more richC. richer and richer D. rich and rich二、典型例题( )1. If you dont like the red coat, how about the green one? OK, but do you have _ size in green? This one is a bit small for me. A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger( )2. Mum, I think Im _ to get back to school. Not really, my dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two. A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough( )3. What delicious cakes! They would taste _ with butter. A. good B. better C. bad D. worse( )4. Mr. Zhou , of all the students in our group, who lives _ ? I think Li Lei does. A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the farther( )5. With a history of more than 1,400 years, ZhaoZhou Bridge is the _ stone arch bridge in the world . A. old B. older C. oldest D. elder( )6. Bob never does him homework _ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as( )7. A: How can I speak English _ you? B: Youd better speak more, I think. A. as good as B. more than C. as well as D. as much as( )8. Your English is good. Ill try my best to speak it as _you do. A. clearly as B. clear as C. clearer than D. more clearly( )9. Is your mother badly ill? No, _ , only a little cold. A. serious anything B. serious nothing C. nothing serious D. anything serious( )10. Im not sure if Im going to Tims party; I may go to the concert _ . A. only B. instead C. early D. late