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动词及一般现在、过去、将来时态讲义和演练一 动词（verb）1. 概述：表示动作行为的词，主要有实意动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四种。a. 实意动词也叫行为动词，在句中作谓语，说明主语发出的动作。分为及物（vt）和不及物(vi)两种，及物动词后可直接跟宾语，不及物动词后须先加副词或介词才能跟宾语。如：get to school，arrive in Shenzhenb. 连系动词简称系动词，主要指be(am/is/are)，构成主系表结构。此外，许多感官动词也可充当系动词，如look, smell, taste等c. 助动词（do/does/did/will）本身无词义，只是帮助谓语动构成一定的语法结构。d. 情态动词表示情感、态度的词。如：can, could, will/would, may, must, have to等2. 动词的变化形式有：第三人称单数，过去式，过去分词，现在分词。二 一般现在时态（the simple present tense）1. 表示客观存在的状态或经常性、习惯性的动作。2. 时态结构：由主语+be（am/is/are）+表语或主语+实意动词+宾语 构成。3. 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, 4. 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用相应的第三人称单数形式。注：动词的第三人称单数变化规则类同可数名词的复数变化规则：a. 一般情况下，直接加-s, 如：walk-walksb. 以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾，加-es, 如：wash-washes, go-goesc. 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i,加-es, 如：carry-carriesBe动词的用法口诀：我(I)用am, 你(you)用are, is用于他(he)她(she)它(it)，单数用is, 复数都用are.5. 在助动词do/does的帮助下，熟练掌握对一般现在时的肯定句进行否定、一般疑问及回答和特殊疑问的句型转换。三一般过去时态（the simple past tense）1. 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。2. 时态结构：由主语+was/were+表语 或 主语+谓语动词的过去式+宾语 构成3. 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month),in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago4. 动词过去式的变化形式规则变化：a. 直接加-ed/d, 如：play-played, lie-lied b. 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i,加ed, 如：study-studied c. 重读闭音节动词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加ed, 如：stop-stopped 不规则变化（见不规则动词表）（A-A-A, A-A-B, A-B-B, A-B-C）5.在助动词did的帮助下，熟练掌握对一般过去时的肯定句进行否定、一般疑问句及回答和特殊疑问句的句型转换。四一般将来时态（the simple future tense）1. 表示将要发生的动作或计划打算要做的事。2. 时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow,3. 时态结构：由主语+will/shall+动词原形 或主语+be going to+动词原形 构成，通常情况下，两者可互换。具体而言，主语+will+动词原形强调不以人的意愿为转移的客观将来，而主语+be going to+动词原形侧重一个人计划打算要做的事，主观性较强。如：It will rain tomorrow. Im going to Xian next week.4. 注意分别对will/shall和be going to的结构进行肯定、否定及回答和特殊疑问句型变换。随堂演练（满分100分）一.用be动词的适当形式填空（13*1分=13分）1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10.Whose socks _ they? 二.写出下列单词的三单、过去式形式（16*2分=32分） drink _ _ go _ _ stay _ _ make _ _ look _ _ have_ _ pass_ _ carry _ _ come_ _ watch _ _ plant_ _ fly _ _ study_ _ brush_ _ do_ _ teach_ _三.用括号内动词的适当形式填空（29*1分=29分） 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Mondays. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sundays. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.13. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.14. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.15. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects?16. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch)TV and _ (catch) insects.17. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturdays.18. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.19. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)20. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?四.句型转换（10*1分=10分）1.Mr Green taught English in our school last year.（分别改成否定句，一般疑问句并作肯、否定回答） _ _ _ _2. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy _ going to go camping.3. Ill go and join them.（改否定） I _ go _ join them.4. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?五.中译英（5*2分=10分）1. 格林先生去年住在中国。 _2. 昨天我们参观了农场。 _3. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。_4. 你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。 _5. 我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。 _六.改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)(6*1分=6分)1. Is your brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _6. Did you had a nice week? _
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