高考英语阅读理解训练.doc

2012 年高考英语阅读理解训练 目录 2012 年高考英语阅读理解训练 说理议论类 1 2012 年高考英语阅读理解训练 广告说明类 7 2012 年高考英语阅读理解训练 科普小品类 16 2012 年高考英语阅读理解训练 人物传记类 24 2012 年高考英语阅读理解训练 社会文化类 32 2012 年高考英语阅读理解训练 生态环保类 39 2012 年高考英语阅读理解训练 时文报道类 48 2012 年高考英语阅读理解训练 说理议论类 一 2011 湖北高考 Feeling blue about the world Cheer up says science writer Matt Ridley The world has never been a better place to live in and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature Ridley calls himself a rational optimist rational because he s carefully weighed the evidence optimistic because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good And this is what he s set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book The Rational Optimist He views mankind as a grand enterprise that on the whole has done little but progress for 100 000 years He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research Here s how he explains his views 1 Shopping fuels invention It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty our own generation has access to more nutritious food more convenient transport bigger houses better cars and of course more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things The more we specialize and exchange the better off we ll be 2 Brilliant advances One reason we are richer healthier taller cleverer longer lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs food clothing fuel and shelter have grown a lot cheaper Take one example In 1800 a candle providing one hour s light cost six hours work In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes work to pay for In 1950 it was eight seconds Today it s half second 3 Let s not kill ourselves for climate change Mitigating 减轻 climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village where the use of fossil fuel 化石 燃料 electricity is forbidden by well meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change If climate change proves to be mild but cutting carbon causes real pain we may well find that we have stopped a nose bleed by putting a tourniquet 止血带 around our necks 1 What is the theme of Ridley s most recent book A Weakness of human nature B Concern about climate change C Importance of practical thinking D Optimism about human progress 2 How does Ridley look at shopping A It encourages the creation of things B It results in shortage of goods C It demands more fossil fuels D It causes a poverty problem 3 The candle and lamp example is used to show that A oil lamps give off more light than candles B shortening working time brings about a happier life C advanced technology helps to produce better candles D increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods 4 What does the last sentence of the passage imply A Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost B Overreaction to climate change may be dangerous C People s health is closely related to climate change D Careless medical treatment may cause great pain 答案与解析 1 D 细节理解题 根据第二段第一句 Ridley calls himself a rational optimist rational because he s carefully weighed the evidence optimistic because that evidence shows human progress Ridley 自称是一个理性的乐观主义者 所谓理性是因为他仔细权衡证据 所谓 乐观是因为这些证据表明人类进步是不可避免的 而且也是十分美好的 这就是他在近期 的一 本书当中以全新的视角向人们证明的主题 故此处 D 项正确 2 A 推理判断题 根据第一个小标题题目 Shopping fuels invention 以及其内容最后 一句 The more we specialize and exchange the better off we ll be 可知 购物刺激发明创造 刺激消费 促进生产 这种情况越多 我们将会越富有 故此处 A 项正确 3 D 细节理解题 从第二个标题内容可知 我们生活远比以前富裕 健康 长寿 人也长得高了 也比以前聪明了 其中一个原因是我们人类的四种基本需求 衣 食 住 行比以前便宜了很多 因此以油灯和蜡烛为例进一步阐述 故此处 D 项正确 4 B 推理判断题 由文章最后一句可知 如果气候变化证明是轻微的 然而降低二氧 化碳会引起麻烦 那么很可能会发现我们用止血带缠绕脖子以此止住鼻血 此处暗指对气 候变化的过度反应存在危险 故 B 项正确 二 2011 四川高考 In business there s a speed difference It s the difference between how important a firm s leaders say speed is to their competitive 竞争的 strategy 策略 and how fast the company actually moves The difference is important regardless of industry and company size Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed In our study of 343 businesses the companies that chose to go go go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track What s more the firms that slowed down to speed up improved their top and bottom lines averaging 40 higher sales and 52 higher operating incomes over a three year period How did they disobey the laws of business physics taking more time than competitors yet performing better They thought differently about what slower and faster mean Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operational speed moving quickly and strategic speed reducing the time it takes to deliver value Simply increasing the speed of production for example may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference But that often leads to reduced value over time in the form of lower quality products and services In our study higher performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary They became more open to ideas and discussion They encouraged new ways of thinking And they allowed time to look back and learn By contrast 相比而言 performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time paid too much attention to improving efficiency stuck to tested methods didn t develop team spirit among their employees and had little time thinking about changes Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership Teams that regularly take time to get things right rather than plough ahead full bore are more successful in meeting their business goals That kind of strategy must come from the top 1 What does the underlined part gain an edge in Paragraph 2 mean A Increase the speed B Get an advantage C Reach the limit D Set a goal 2 The underlined part the laws of business physics in Paragraph 3 means A spending more time and performing worse B spending more time and performing better C spending less time and performing worse D spending less time and performing better 3 What can we learn from the text A How fast a firm moves depends on how big it is B How competitive a firm is depends on what it produces C Firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes D Firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit 4 Which could be the best title for the text A Improve quality Serve better B Deliver value Plough ahead C Reduce time Move faster D Need speed Slow down 答案与解析 1 B 词义猜测题 许多公司都想选择提速来获取优势 而不是达到极限或设定目标 故 get an advantage 正确 2 D 细节理解题 由文中第三段第一句和第二句的含义 他们怎样违反商业物理规则 比做得更好的竞争对手花了更多的时间 他们不同地看待更慢和更快的意思 可知商业物 理规则应是用更少的时间做得更好 故选 D 项 3 C 推理判断题 文章主要讲述了 strategic speed 的重要性 且在文中第四段第一句 也说明了这一点 运用策略速度的公司往往在必要时作出改变 故选 C 项 4 D 主旨大意题 文章围绕 speed 展开 且区分了 operational speed 与 strategic speed 强调了后者的重要性 故 D 项正确 三 2011 重庆高考 Skeptics are a strange lot Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment and they are tired of people who disagree with them Those people say skeptics spread nothing but bad news about the environment The eco guilt brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity That book The Skeptical Environmentalist declares that it measures the real state of the world as fine Of course another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests Indeed Mr Lomborg s views are similar to those of some industry funded organizations which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming So it was strange to see Mr Lomborg s book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise even with the conclusion that After Lomborg the environmental movement will begin to die down Such one sided views should have immediately been challenged But only a different review appeared in Nature a respected science magazine with specific readership The review remarked that Mr Lomborg s preference for unexamined materials is incredible 不可信的 A critical 批判的 eye is valuable and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions Unfortunately that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests People might become half blind before a world partially exhibited by the media That s a shame because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly 1 According to the passage which of the following may be regarded as skeptics A People who agree on the popularity of eco guilt B People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet C People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities D People who spread comforting news to protect our environment 2 Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg s book A Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests B The book challenges views about the fine state of the world C The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews D Industry funded media present confusing information 3 The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to A voice a different opinion B find fault with Lomborg s book C challenge the authority of the media D point out the value of scientific views 4 What is the author s main purpose in writing the passage A To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye B To warn the public of the danger of half blindness with reviews C To blame the media s lack of responsibility in presenting information D To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media 答案与解析 1 B 细节理解题 从第一段第三句 他们中的一些不承认人类活动对环境造成的严重 危害 可知 B 项正确 2 A 细节理解题 从第二段第一句 那或许能解释这本书为什么这么受欢迎 及第三句 另一种解释是一些特别的利益 可知 A 项正确 3 A 主旨大意题 前文提到很多人对有关环境问题不好的消息质疑 文章倒数第二段 提到这种片面的观点应该立刻受到挑战 然而在 Nature 上仅仅出现了为数不多的评论 故 作者在此处提到 the review in Nature 是为了发表不同的观点 故选 A 项 4 D 推理判断题 本文是观点类议论文 开头部分提出了一种反面的观点 然后对此 提出批判 最后点明了本文的中心 媒体应该展现一些能让公众作出明智决定的信息 这也是作者的目的所在 故选 D 项 2012 年高考英语阅读理解训练 广告说明类 一 2011 课标全国 Wanted Someone for a Kiss We re looking for producers to join us on the sound of London Kiss 100 FM You ll work on the station s music programmes Music production experience in radio is necessary along with rich knowledge of modern dance music Please apply in writing to Producer Vacancies Kiss 100 Father Christmas We re looking for a very special person preferably over 40 to fill our Father Christmas suit Working days Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December 17 to December 24 except Sundays 10 30 16 00 Excellent pay Please contact 联系 the Enterprise Shopping Centre Station Parade Eastbourne Accountants Assistant When you join the team in our Revenue Administration Unit you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division dealing with post and other general duties If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience Wealden District Council Software Trainer If you are aged 24 45 and have experience in teaching and training you could be the person we are looking for You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing You will be allowed to make your own decisions and to design courses as well as present them Pay upwards of 15 000 for the right person Please apply by sending your CV 简历 to Mrs R Oglivie Palmlace Limited 1 Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station A Producer Vacancies Kiss 100 B Mrs Oglivie Palmlace Limited C The Enterprise Shopping Centre D Wealden District Council 2 We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who A is aged between 24 and 40 B may do some training work C should deal with general duties D can work for about a month 3 Which position is open to recent school graduates A Producer London Kiss B Father Christmas C Accountants Assistant D Software Trainer 4 What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited A One with GCSE grade C level B One with some office experience C One having good computer knowledge D One trained in producing music programmes 答案与解析 1 A 细节理解题 第一则广告招聘的是电台音乐制作人 如果你希望在电台工作 当然应与 Producer Vacancies Kiss 100 联系 2 D 细节理解题 根据第二则广告可知 the Enterprise Shopping Centre 招聘的是 圣诞老人 工作的时间是从 11 月 24 日开始 持续到 12 月 24 日 在这大约一个月的 时间内 他都要在周六或者除了周日以外的其他时间工作 3 C 细节理解题 根据第三则广告最后 This position is equally suitable for a school leaver 可知答案为 C 项 4 C 细节理解题 根据最后一则广告第二句中的 You should be good at the computer 可知答案为 C 项 二 2011 江苏高考 Attractions Do you Love the National Park value it and hope to safeguard its future Wish to see the beautiful landscape of the Park protected Like to enjoy peaceful informal recreation within the Park Aims The Friends organization aims are to help protect and improve the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park for all to enjoy We are a voluntary organization and registered charity without financial links to the National Park Authority Activities We encourage everyone to enjoy the National Park through regular talks and visits to interesting places in the Park with expert guides We keep an eye on planning applications Park Authority policies and threats to the National Park such as massive leisure complexes We work with like minded organizations such as the Campaign for National Parks to make our voice more effective We help children to understand the National Park by sponsoring publications such as an adventure booklet and projects in local schools Benefits Guided visits to places of interest which may not always be available to the general public All members receive our regular News and Views Talks by experts in their fields on current issues A discount is available on Friends items for sale Satisfaction of participation in work parties for those willing and able to be involved If interested please complete the Application Form at www fpnp org uk 1 Which of the following is discouraged by the Friends organization A To build massive complexes for public amusement B To prevent possible damages to the National Park C To help protect and improve the Park for all to enjoy D To sponsor publications and projects in local schools 2 One of the benefits for members of Friends is to A have Friends goods free of charge B visit any place not open to the public C take part in work parties if they want to D give talks in their fields on current issues 3 The purpose of this poster is to invite more people to A raise money for the Friends organization B join the Friends organization and be members of it C work as managers for Pembrokeshire National Park D enjoy the landscape of Pembrokeshire National Park 答案与解析 1 A 细节理解题 根据 Activities 这部分内容的第二段第一句可知 为公众娱乐大 兴土木是对国家公园的威胁 是该机构要阻止的行为 2 C 细节理解题 根据 Benefits 这部分内容的第五条可知 该机构成员享有的权益之 一就是参加工作组 3 B 推理判断题 文章介绍了 Friends 这一机构的亮点 目标 活动以及该机构成员 享有的权益等 显然 作者的目的是想邀请更多的有志之士加入进来 成为其中的一员 三 2011 天津高考 Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home What to Expect The host will provide accommodation and meals Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health Accommodation Zones Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2 3 and 4 of the transport system Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential 居住的 Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground Meal Plans Available Continental Breakfast Breakfast and Dinner Breakfast Packed Lunch and Dinner It s important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice cereal 谷物类食品 bread and tea or coffee Cheese fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert fruit and coffee Friends If you wish to invite a friend over to visit you must first ask your host s permission You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy SelfCatering Accommodation in Private Homes Accommodation on a room only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long stay student However it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much 1 The passage is probably written for A hosts willing to receive foreign students B foreigners hoping to build British culture C travellers planning to visit families in London D English learners applying to live in English homes 2 Which of the following will the host provide A Room cleaning B Medical care C Free transport D Physical training 3 What can be inferred from Paragraph 3 A Zone 4 is more crowded than Zone 2 B The business centre of London is in Zone 1 C Hosts dislike travelling to the city centre D Accommodation in the city centre is not provided 4 According to the passage what does Continental Breakfast include A Dessert and coffee B Fruit and vegetables C Bread and fruit juice D Cereal and cold meat 5 Why do some people choose self catering accommodation A To experience a warmer family atmosphere B To enrich their knowledge of English C To entertain friends as they like D To enjoy much more freedom 答案与解析 1 D 主旨大意题 由第一段第一句可知 Homestay 为学习英语的学生提供在课堂外 说英语的机会和成为英国家庭成员的体验 再结合文章的内容可 推知这篇文章不是为愿意 接受英国学生的主人写的 也不是为那些希望建设英国文化的外国人以及计划参观伦敦家 庭的参观者写的 大概是为那些申请在英国人家中 居住的英语学习者写的 2 A 细节理解题 由第二段第二句可知 A 项的叙述符合题意 主人能够提供的东西 主要在第二段进行论述 该段并没有告诉读者主人将为入住者提供医疗护理 免费交通和 身体训练 3 B 推理判断题 由第三段倒数第二句可知 Zone 3 和 Zone 4 不像 Zone 2 那么拥挤 由此排除 A 项 第二句只说明人们不喜欢居住在市中心 并没有说人们不去市中心 由此 排除 C 项 本段只是提到市中心拥挤 并没有说到居住在市中 心的家庭不为学生提供食 宿 由此排除 D 项 4 C 细节理解题 由第四段中的 Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice cereal bread and tea or coffee 可知 A 项 B 项和 D 项的叙述是错误 只有 C 项中 的 Bread and fruit juice 是里面的内容 故选 C 项 5 D 细节理解题 由最后一段第二句中的 This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle 可知 Self Catering Accommodation 能够为住宿者提供更多的自由 这 与 D 项的叙述一致 A 项 B 项和 C 项的内容均没有在最后一段提及 故排除 四 2011 江西高考 Winners Club You choose to be a winner The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers It has heen made to help you better manage your money The Winners Club is a transaction account 交易账户 where you receive a key card so you can get to your money 24 7 that s 24 hours a day 7 days a week It s a club with impressive features for teenagers No account keeping fees You re no millionaire so we don t expect you to pay large fees In fact there are no account keeping or transaction fees Excellent interest rates You want your money to grow The Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits 储蓄 without taking them out in a month Convenient Teenagers are busy we get that You may never need to come to a bank at all With the Winners Club you can choose to use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet You can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club account This could be your pocket money or your pay f