中考英语 语法练习题16 定语从句.doc

2013届中考英语 语法练习题16 定语从句一、定语从句（一）：1.定语从句的概念： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2.先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。3.关系词： 引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。关系词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人也指物作主语、宾语which指物作主语、宾语who指人作主语whom指人作宾语whose既指人也指物作定语二、定语从句（二）1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。There is nothing _ I can do for you .2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。This is the very book _ Im looking for .3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。This is the first nextbook _ I studied in the middle school .4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。This is the most beautiful mountain _ I have ever seen .=I have _ seen _ a beautiful mountian .5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。He told us many interesting things and persons _ we had .2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which 。This is the building in _ he lives .2).先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which 。The clock is that _ tells the time .3).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。His book , _ was lost last week , has been found now.3.先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，只能用who。1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who 。Those _ are singing are all my classmates .2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。There is a girl _ expects to see you .3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。He _ plays with fire gets burned .三、定语从句（三）。 由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which 1.由where引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示地点的名词 2).在定语从句中作地点状语Is this the house _ you lived ?= Is this the house _ _ you lived ?= Is this the house _ you lived in ?2.由when引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示时间的名词 2).在定语从句中作时间状语I will never forget the days _ I met him .= I will never forget the days _ _ I met him.注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。When was the last time you saw the parrot ?3.由why引导的定语从句。 先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因状语。We dont know the reason _ they didnt come .四、注意事项：1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。The story _ he told was very popular .A.who B.whom C.whose D. / 2.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。I loves singers who _(write) their own songs .She is one of the girls who _(study) hard .3.在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。Will you please show me the book _ yesterday?A. which you bought B. that you bought it C. you bought D. you bought it 4.定语从句中whose 的确定： 无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jims等），若没有，则用whose 。The girl _ parents work in Beijing is Kate .A. who B. whose C. which D. that I know the boy . His handwriting is very good .= I know the boy _ handwriting is very good.五、定语从句的简化 把定语从句简化为形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语。1.She reveived a box which was full of presents . She reveived a box _ _ presents .2.He likes reading books that was written by Luxun. He likes reading booking _ _ Luxun .3.I like Chinese tea which has nothing in it . I like Chinese tea _ _ in it .4.Do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress . Do you know the girl _ a red dress .