高考英语短文改错题复习与点拨.doc

英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。 2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。 3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。 7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 15、A mothers love never changes. 母爱永恒。 16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。 17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。 18、A years plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。 19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 20、Better late than never. 不怕慢，单怕站。 21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实，22、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。 23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。 24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。 25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯，事事皆不难。 26、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。 27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。 28、Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。 29、Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。 30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。 31、Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。 33、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。 34、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤，人无完人。 35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。 36、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。37、Each coin has two sides. 38、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 39、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 40、God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。41、Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。 42、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。 43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。 44、It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 45、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量46、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。 47、No pain， no gain.（不劳无获。）48、You never know till you have tried. 不尝试，不知晓。49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起，使人健康、富裕和聪颖。52、Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的教师。53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。54、Where theres a will, theres a way. 有志者事竟成。55、Practice makes perfect （熟能生巧。）56、Pride goes before a fall（骄傲必败。）Superstar and IIts common that many students are crazy about those singers and actors. However, liyundi, a pianist, is the superstar in my heart. He is a man of few words and he even looks like the greatest pianistChopin. When listening to his music , I can get rid of everything noisy around. Whats more, I can feel his strong love for music. Rome wasnt built in one day. He achieved the great success through huge effort. I can learn from him that we should never give up to realize our dreams.Superstar and IHer name first appeared as a joke then like a wonder. She is Susan Boyle, the superstar in my heart. Although shes not beautiful, her voice and spirit moved all the audience, including me. The song I dreamed a dream that she sang touched everyones heart who had a dream and wanted to realize it. She taught me how to go on my dreams as well as never to give up. She is like a sunshine that gives me hope. Where there is a will, there is a way.2006年高考英语短文改错题复习与点拨-抓住特征,打开思路,巧解短文改错题 短文改错题是目前高考英语的必考项目，也是平时期中、期末考试的必考项目。短文改错是命题人把学生平时常犯的各种典型错误整理出来，放入一篇内容较为浅显，题材较为轻松又都是中学生平时喜闻乐见的短文中。短文改错并非难题，但得分率不高。究其原因，与认识短文改错特点和做题方法不无关系。首先让我们来认识一下短文改错几个特点和应对方法：1.短文改错题都是内容较为浅显，题材较为轻松，又都是中学生常见的记叙文。例如从1996年至2003年短文内容分别为：美国家庭、英语笔友、喜爱的运动、电视对学生的利与弊、英语演讲比赛、独生子女、游峨眉山、用英文写日记的好处。2.短文改错题一般在10行以上，每行8-12词，共计120词左右。3.短文改错题多半按1225原则设计为：正确1处；多词2处；少词2处；错词5处。4.短文改错题中的错误分为语法错误和逻辑错误两种。近年来在短文改错题中多词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、连词、助动词、语义重复或行文逻辑等方面。少词现象主要出现在冠词(名词前)、介词(不及物动词后或固定结构中)、助动词、不定式符号to、连词、语义不完整等方面。错词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、连词、助动词、名词的单复数、动词时态或语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致关系、词类(指应该用动词、名词还是形容词，以及平行结构中的词的正确形式等)。5.短文改错题的错误大都出现在句子表层，并不难发现。涉及段落上下文的，较难的错误多保持在1-3处，较难的错一般是动词时态或行文逻辑方面的错误。6.1999年之前的高考短文改错题中的句子相对比较简单，多为简单句或并列句。2000年之后短文改错题中的句子相对比较复杂，较长的复合句越来越多了。笔者归纳近年来指导高三学生的高考复习的经验，总结出做短文改错题的10个有效手段，介绍给大家，帮助同学们提高对英语的综合观察能力、评价能力和运用能力，逐步培养起判断、发现、纠正语篇中语言错误的能力。一、发现有平行结构，就要检查是否有用词不一致或成分缺少而引起的句子不平衡错误。例如：1.The doctor suggested plenty of food, rest and exercising.此句中并列的平行结构应该是三个语法结构上相同的名词宾语，而exercising用了动名词，应当把exercising改为exercise。2.She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived.此句中并列的平行结构应该是两个语法结构上相同的谓语，应当把drank改为drinking。二、发现有比较结构，就要检查是否有形容词、副词的级、程度副词、比较的对象以及冠词方面的错误。例如：1.People in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.该句中比较级形式重复，应去掉more。正确的句子应当是：People in the modern world generally live much longer than people in the past.2.There are more trees in villages than cities.该句中比较对象应当是in villages与in cities。所以应当在cities前面加上in。又如：The weather here is colder than in London.此句中比较对象应当是The weather here与The weather in London所以应当在than后面加上that来代替the weather而补全比较对象。正确的句子应当是：The weather here is colder than that in London.该句也可以说成：It is colder here than in London.3.In some places you can borrow many books as you want. (NMET94)根据段落上下文不难发现该句是含有as.as结构的句子，所以应当在many前边加上as。三、发现有转折、因果、对比等结构时，就要检查是否有行文逻辑方面的错误。例如：1.I like singing, my brother likes dancing.汉语中讲完一个分句后，不用任何连词就可以接下去讲另一个分句。而在英语中，两个分句之间不能仅仅用逗号，而要用合适的连词。所以，在以上两个分句之间要加上连词while。2.A lady came to the window with the ball and shouted at the boy, and he ran away.男孩子跑掉是因为他打破了人家的玻璃。在行文逻辑方面，上下文是因果关系，所以应当把and改为so。3.His company publishes books and he buys books all over the world.按行文逻辑应当把buys改为sells才对。四、发现有多重结构句，就要检查是否有时态、语态、引导词或成分短缺错误。例如：1.I always wanted to return to the village after moving away and it is really great to see most of my old friends again.该句前后两个分句的时态和人称应当保持一致，所以应当把is改为was。2.Tom asks Mary if she knows the man is speaking to her.该句犯了多词或少词的错误，应当在is前加上who或者去掉is。3.And whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you. (NMET94)应当把whether(是否)改为if(如果)，因为这里不是名词性从句，而是条件状语从句。4.He lives in Beijing, where is the capital of China.在这个非限制性定语从句中，引导词作主语，所以应当把where改为which。5.He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there.该句犯了连词immediately和as soon as重复使用的错误，应当去掉其中的一个。五、发现有特殊疑问句结构，就要检查是否有疑问词使用不当的错误。例如：1.-How much was the price of your car? -I bought the car at a cheap price, only $ 2,000.英语中问价格时，常用What price或How much提问，回答时常用high price或low price(不能用expensive price或cheap price)。所以应当把问句中的How much改为What，把答句中的cheap改为low。2.Chinas population is more than any other countrys in the world.英语中问人口多少时，也要用what (而不能用How many或How much)提问，回答时用large/big或little/small。所以应当把句中的more改为larger/bigger。另外address, weight, phone number等，也要用what提问。六、发现有名词、代词结构时，就要检查是否有数、格或指代不一致的错误。例如：1.Different people speak different language.应当把language改为languages。2.Some people read the books or watch TV. While others have sports.应当把the books改为books(泛指)。3.What a lovely weather we are having today!应当把a lovely weather改为lovely weather(不可数名词)。七、发现并列主语、从句、不定代词、集合名词、非谓语动词、时间、金钱等作主语，together with等引导的成分修饰主语时，就要检查是否有主谓不一致的错误。例如：1.Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.but also后边的分句的逻辑主语也应是动名词短语playing football，其谓语应当用单数，所以give应改为gives。2.She as well as her brothers are fond of studying English.are应当改为is，因为单数名词with,(together with, as well as, but, besides, including等)其它名词作主语时，其谓语应当用单数。3.About $ 2,000 have been spent in buying new dress for his beautiful wife this year.have应该为has，因为About $ 2,000作为一笔钱，被视为一个整体，谓语须用单数。八、发现有固定短语、词组结构时，就要检查副词、介词、冠词是否使用错误。例如：1.Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.catch sight of(看见)是固定短语，所以应去掉a。2.When he came back, he found someone had broken in his house.break into(破门而入)，是固定短语，所以要把in改为into。九、发现有特殊动词结构时，就要检查是否有非谓语动词或虚拟语气方面的错误。例如：1.He made me post a letter for him.英语中有5个感官动词看：see, look at, watch, notice, observe；3个使役动词：let, make, have；两个感官动词听：hear, listen to(便于记忆，我们可以称他们为5、3、2动词)，其后所跟的复合宾语中，如果由不定式作宾语补足语的话，不定式须省去to。例如：We were sorry to see him go.看到他走我们很难过。He observed someone open the door.他看见有人开门。The doctor made him stay in bed.医生让他卧床休息。Please have him come in.请让他进来。We often hear him sing this song.我们常常听他唱这支歌。He listened to me repeat what Uncle Tom had said the day before.他听我把汤姆叔叔头天所说的话又重复了一遍。但在被动结构中不定式作主语补足语的话，不定式须带to。例如：They were seen to have landed safely.人们看到他们安全着陆了。They were observed to enter the hall.人们看到他们走进大厅了。The workers were made to do hard labor more than 12 hours every day.工人每天被迫干12个小时以上的重活。2.Dont forget taking your umbrella when you leave here.forget, remember, regret等动词后跟动名词表示已经做过的事；后跟动词不定式的一般式表示要做的事。根据句意，应当把taking改成to take。3.I suggested to go there with him after class.suggest, advise, finish, mind, enjoy, require, practise, consider, miss, avoid, admit, delay, imagine, risk, keep, escape, resist等动词后要跟动名词作宾语。所以要把to go改为going。4.He ordered that the work must be started at once.order, demand, require, request, insist, propose, advise, suggest等动词后跟宾语从句时，宾语从句中的谓语要用原形动词或should+原形动词。所以要把must改为should或者把must去掉。十、发现有非谓语动词作状语、表语或定语时，就要检查是否有非谓语动词和逻辑主语不一致的错误。例如：1.If it heated, water can be changed into steam.If it heated是一个被简化了的条件状语从句，补全了是：If it is heated。这种连词非谓语动词作状语的结构，其中非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。所以it是多余的，应当去掉。又如：When he hearing the news, he burst into tears. hearing前不能再有he。2.The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry it.该句型中不定式to carry逻辑上的宾语就是句子中的主语，所以句中的it是多余的，应当去掉。附：高考英语复习短文改错精练16篇1Most families in China hoped their single children will 76_have a happy future, so they are very strict in their children. 77_So do teachers in schools! Many children are given so much 78_homework that they have hardly any spare time have sports. 79_The children are forbidden to do anything but to study. No 80_wonder so many children are tired of lessons. Some even 81_attack or kill his parents and teachers! I believe many people 82_already read this kind of news in newspapers or magazines. 83_Shouldnt we draw lesson from the accidents? Now our 84_government is making out a plan to solve the education problems.85_2Nowadays, almost every family has TV set, and almost 76_everyone likes watching TV. TV has become part of our lives. 77_TV has many advantages, for example, it informs us the 78_latest news which is happening in the world; it can open our 79_eyes, enlarge our knowledge and also help us to see more 80_about the world But, it also has some disadvantages. People 81_waste too much time in watching TV and his normal life 82_and work are affected To the children who they spend too 83_much time in watching TV, it can do harmful to their sight 84_and healthy. So we should control the time of watching TV. 85_3A few months after returning the US from Germany, I took 76._part in a college course in French. Since I have learned 77._to say German well in Germany, I thought it might be 78._interested to begin studying another language. At the 79._first class, the teacher asked us to do a pronunciation 80._exercise in it he would say a word or two in French, and 81._each student would do their best to copy. When he got to 82._me, he kept having me to say more words, and I 83._finally asked him why. “I find it great fun,” she explained 84._it. “In 25 years of teaching at school, its the first time 85._Ive heard an American speak French with a German accent.”4 The Huaihe River has been serious polluted. Day and night 76._ millions of tons of waste water is being poured down to it from 77._ hundreds of factories. The waste water is harmful. At present 78._ there is no fish in it. The river water cannot be drunk. People in 79._ either bank have to dig wells to take drinking water. The Huaihe 80. _ River is such dirty and poisonous that people dont dare swim 81._ in it. Something must be done to stopping the pollution. The 82._ government and the people near the river must try to clear water 83._ as soon as possible. Now special attention has paid to the 84._ pollution by the government and more scientists. The pollution 85._ will be prevented in the near future.5Dear Abby,How are you? Today Ive got a wonderful news to tell you. 76._I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my 77._further education. One hundred and twenty students took exam 78._for it, but only a few was chosen and I was one of them. However, 79._my parents are not happy about it. They are strong against me 80._going there. They say it is too far away that they will not see me 81._for a whole year and they are afraid of I will feel lonely. They 82._cant imagine a girl so young live alone. They advise me to study 83._in the capital instead. Then Ill be able to continue living with 84._them. How can I persuade them to accept the fact I have grown up?85._Best wishes,Jane6A persons age no longer tells you something about 76. _ his social position, marriage or healthy. Theres no longer, 77. _a particular year which one goes to school or goes to 78. _work or gets married or start a family. The social clock 79. _that kept us on time and told us when go to school, get 80. _a job, or stop working isnt as strong as it was used to be. 81. _It doesnt surprise us to hear a 28-year-old university 82. _president or a 35-year-old grandmother, or 70-year-old 83. _man who has become a father for the first time. What we 84. _all know, publics ideas are changing nowadays. 85. _7It is difficult for parents to teach your children to be responsible 76._(有责任的) for housework, but with one of the followed suggestions, 77._you really can get your children help you at home. If you give your 78._children the impression which they can never do anything quite right, 79._then they will regard themselves unfit or unable persons. Unless they 80._believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independence. 81._Dont always scold and give lots of praise instead. Talk about 82._what theyve done right, but about what they havent done. If your 83._children complete a difficult task, reward (酬劳) him with a Sunday 84._trip or a ball game of Dad. 85._8Before I went to senior middle school, some peoples told 76._me. “A life of senior middle school is unforgettable.” 77._While I first entered my senior middle school, everything 78._seemed unpleasant. Face all the strange things around me, 79._I often miss my old friends and classmates. I didnt want 80._to talk others or make friends with others. Little by little, my 81._school record went from bad to worse, especially my 82._maths. I couldnt even pass the exam. I lost the heart and 83._missed the happy times all day long. I told me, “I dont 84._belong to it. I dont like the life here.” 85._9Tom and Dick are next door neighbour who work 76._in the same office so they walked together to and from 77._office. Some day as they were walking home together it 78._sudden started to rain. Tom quickly opened his umbrella 79._and said, “My wife surely has foresight (预见) . She said 80._on this morning it would rain and told me to carry my 81._umbrella with me.” Dick smiled and walked to him, said, 82._“My wife has even great foresight. She told me not to 83._carry an umbrella and as she knew you would certainly 84._have with you.” 85._10Dear Sir or Madam,I see your advertisement in a student magazine and 76. _Im interesting to know more about your diving courses. 77. _First of all, I should explain that although I can swim Im 78. _not very confident in the water. But you mentioned your 79. _advertisement that your instructors are full qualified(称职), 80. _so I believe theyll able to teach someone like me to dive. 81. _I have one weeks holiday in the three week of June 82. _and would like to know that if theres a course running at 83. _that time. How much does a weeks course worth? Finally,84. _if I decide to go ahead, are there any special equipment I 85. _need to buy or is everything provided by your company?I look forward to hearing from you.Sincerely yours, Tom11Dear Xiaohua,It is four days since Mother accepted the operation. 76._ She is feeling much more better. The doctors told me 77._ the operation was successful, but because her old age 78._ she had to stay in hospital for other two weeks. The 79._ doctors also say it was quite necessary for her to 80._do so. We expect to get a full report in two and three 81._ days. Please tell the good news to the rest of family 82._ as soon as possible. You neednt to come here. Im 83. _able to look after Mother by myself. Youd better 84. _send flowers to Mother. She will feel happily. 85. _Yours,Xiaohui12Football is most popular game in England: one has only 76._ to go to one of the important match to see this. Rich and 77._ poor, young and old, one can see them all there, shout and 78._ cheering for one side or the other. One of the surprised 79._ things about football in England to a stranger is the great 80._knowledge of the game which still the smallest boy seems 81._ to have it. He can tell you the names of the players in most 82._ of the important team, he has photographs of them and 83._ know the results of large numbers of matches.