高考英语-高中英语的介词使用

高中英语的介词使用今天来讲高中英语介词相关的知识。I分类：1常用简单介词：about, across, against, among, after, at, behind, besides, beyond, by, concerning, beneath, between, despite, except, during, down, for, from, past, than, under, until 等。2合成介词：inside, outside, onto, out of, within 等。3短语介词：according to, ahead of, along with, as for, because of, be means of, due to, in spite of, on behalf of, owing to, with regard to 等。2介词与“的”之关系：在英语学习中，一遇到“的”，大家就会立刻想到S所有格或者of。实际上，在很多情况下，“的”必须借助于介词才能准确表达。以下请同学们重复记忆： 美国的冬天 the winter in America 停车场的入口 the entrance to the parking lot 穿过森林的小路 the path through the forest 鲁迅的著作 the works by Lu Xun 水中的月亮 the moon reflected in water 历史的见证 the witness to history 对爱的渴望 a longing for love 对我们不利的证据 the evidence against us 阳光下的漫步 a walk in the sunlight 追求名誉的女人 a lady after fame 两人之间的争论 an argument between the two persons3重要介词的重要用法：（1）from：此介词表示“to”相反的方向。He came from London.He went to London.二词常搭配使用“from. to.”We studied English from morning to afternoon.Hell start from Beijing to Shanghai.经典用法： 由于 The girl is trembling from fear. 免除 Tramps are always free from care. 流浪汉们总是无忧无虑。 分开 The couple parted from each other at the airport. 由制成 The red wine is made from grapes. 红葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的。由from引导的惯用法：from far 从远处from now / then on 从现在/那时起from bad to worse 每况愈下from time to time（occasionally 时而）习语：She comes to visit me from time to time.（2）out of：表示与into相反的语意。He will be out of town.I stepped out of the dark room.out of+ 名词 (= lack, to be without 用完，用光）He went to the shop because he was out of paper.out of date (= old-fashioned 过时的）The book has been out of date.out of work (= jobless 失业的)He needs money because be is out of work.out of the question (= impossible 不可能的)Finishing the hard work is out of the question.out of question (= doubtless 毫无疑问的）That he can do it well is out of question.out of order（= not functioning 失灵的）Her radio is out of order, so she cant listen to it.（3）by：表示从旁经过或在附近。He passed by me without saying hello.He lives by the sea.经典用法： 通过This is the nearest road by which they came. 在时候The young man works by day and steals money by night. 由所生He has two sons by her second wife. 抓住She caught her child by his coat in the flood. 按计算The farmers sell their apples by the pound. 就（气质，特征）而言He is an artist by temperament（气质）.用于被动语意，导出动作执行者：The glass was broken by the boy.by + 具体时间：They usually have dinner by 8 oclock.by + 交通工具 (bus, train, plan.)：He travelled to Paris by air/plane.by the end of + 时间名词：到末为止By the end of last year, they had learnt 100 texts.By the end of this term, they will have learnt 100 texts.by then：到那时He will graduate in 1999, by then he will leave Beijing.by way of (= via)：经由，取道They are going to the United States by way of Hong Kong.by the way：顺便问By the way, do you know where Mr. Li has gone?by far：得多（用于修饰比较级和最高级）The book is by far the best on the subject.by accident：不小心，与on purpose（故意地）语意相反The wrong information was put into the computer by accident.（4）in：在内部，与out 语意相反。All the students are in the classroom.in + month / year: 在某月/年in January, in 2000in time：及时They arrived at the station in time.in the way 挡住去路He couldnt drive his car away because a big stone was in the way.once in a while 时而Once in a while, he went to the Museum.in no time at all 立刻，迅速He finished his homework in no time at all.in the meantime 同时He was having supper, and in the meantime he watched TV.in a row 坐在某一排上We sat in the 20th row of the cinema.in the event that 如果In the event that you pass the exam, Ill telephone you.in case 万一，如果Bring you raincoat in case it rains.in the street 在街上in the past 在过去in the future 在未来in the beginning 开始，起初in the end 最后，终于get in touch with 与取得联系keep in touch with 与保持联系（5）on：位于某物体表面上。The dishes are on the round table.on a day / date 在某天及某天的上，下午，晚上on Wednesday, on February 9th , 1999on Friday afternoon, on a dark night.on a / the + (bus, plane, ship, train, bike)He went to school on a bus.on a . street 在某条街道Mrs. Smith lives on 5th Avenue.on the corner (of two streets) 在两条街道相交的一角That shoe store is on the corner of 2nd Street and 5th Avenue.on the television / the radio 在电视/ 收音机里The manager will make a speech onthe TV.on the telephone 打电话You are wanted on the phone. 有您的电话on sale 出售The books are on salefor $7 each.on the floor of a building 位于某层楼on time 准时（比in time 具体）on the sidewalk 在人行道上on the way 在途中on the right/left 在右侧/左侧on the whole 总的来说，总体上on the one hand, or the other hand 一方面，另一方面on foot 步行（6）at：此介词通常用来指某一特定时间和地点。at + 地点Mr. Smith lives at 15, 16th Avenue.注：在某条街道On. street，而在某街某号应用at。at + 特定时间At 7:00 in the morning, he goes towork.at home/school/work 在家上学上班at night 在晚上at best 充其量at times 有时at peace 和平状态at least 至少at worst 最差at intervals 间或，时而at random 随意，胡乱地at most 至多at present 目前，现在at war 交战at leisure 悠闲自得地at a loss 不知所措at large 逍遥法外（7）其它介词短语：in place of / instead of 代替for the most part - mainly 主要地in hopes of 希望off and on 时断时续all of a sudden 突然for good 永远（8）“动词短语+介词”构成的习语：break off 结束The two countries broke off their diplomatic relationship.call on sb. 要求，拜访，呼吁He called on the workers to struggle.care for 关心，照顾，喜爱She only cares for new clothes.I have to care for my son after school.check on 调查come along with sb. 伴随，和某人在一起come down with 因而生病Last summer, many people came down with intestinal disorders.get by 设法生存Despite the high cost of living, we will get by on our salary.get through 完成，接通（电话）Its not easy to get through the work in a day.How can I get through to you?get up 起床，组织Aparty will be got up in my house.hold on to 抓住，坚持In spite of being a millionaire, he holds on to his usual living ways.hold up 抢劫，忍受，停止The bank was held up last night.He held up very well after the death of his wife.The work had been held up.run across 遇见，见到I ran across some old friends yesterday.run into 偶然碰见When Tom was in London, he ran into his good friend at the theatre.see about 考虑The young man is seeing about getting a ticket for the football game.take over for 替代I took over for Janet because she was ill.try out 试验，试行They are trying out a new idea to help the poor students.turn in 上交，睡觉After a tiring day, he turned in early.watch out for 警觉Please watch out for thieves.weigh on sb. 压迫，使焦虑Some problems are weighing on me, so I cant sleep well.bring up 抚养，提出count on 依靠、指望do away with 摆脱draw up 起草drop out of (school . ) 退（学）figure out 弄明白，弄清楚find out 发现，查明（事实）go along with 同意pass out 昏迷talk over 讨论4介词引导的定语从句分类举例解析1、 在“介词+which/whom”结构中，关系代词用which 还是用whom，取决于它前面的先行词是物还是人。先行词是物，用which；若为人，就用whom。如：(1) Nearby were two ships in which they had come to the island.(2) I cant remember the name of the person to whom I gave the money.2、这一结构用什么介词取决于先行词的意义和定语从句中谓语动词结构及“介词+which/whom” 在句中的作用。(1) This is the room in which we lived last year.(2) There were three people from whom we attempted to find out information.3、 因为含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。此种情况下关系代词可用which, that, who, whom，或将他们省略。(1) Is this the book (which/that ) she was looking for?(2) The babies (whom /who/that) the nurse are looking after are very healthy.4、表示地点、时间和原因含义的“ 介词+which”结构可分别用关系副词where, when和why替换。(1) The earth on which /where we live is a planet.(2) Ill never forget the day on which /when I joined the League.(3) Is there any reason for which /why you should have a holiday?5、Of which可以代替whose 用来指物，其词序一般为“名词+ of which”(1) They live in a house whose door/the door of which opens to the north.(2) He has written a book whose name /the name of which Ive completely forgotten.6、“复杂介词 in front of, at the back of, on the top of, in the middle of 等+ which”结构可引导非限制性定语从句。(1) He works in a factory, in front of which there is a river.(2) In the evening we arrived at a hill, at the foot of which there was a temple.7、“介词+which/whom”结构中的which和 whom不能替换为that，因为that不能做介词宾语。如果用that，介词必须反复到从句有关动词的后面去。(1) The room that/which he lives in is a small one.(2) The room in which he lives is a small one.