外研版专项高考英语完形填空命题简析与技巧点拨.doc

广东高考英语完形填空命题简析与技巧点拨一、命题特点广东卷近来年来的高考完形填空题，具有以下几个特点：1一个只考。只考实词，包括名词、动词、形容词和副词。2两种体裁。记叙文和说明文，以记叙文为主，间或有夹叙夹议的内容。3三个相同。每小题的四个选项有以下三个相同点：(1)词类相同。要么都是名词，要么都是动词，要么都是形容词或都是副词；(2)语法形式相同。名词或动词的单复数形式相同，动词-ing或-ed形式相同，形容词或副词的比较等级形式相同；(3)正确选项的分布基本相同。即A、B、C、D四个选项各自所占比例基本相同。如15个小题，A、B、C、D各占34个。4四个不考。(1)不考虚词，包括冠词、代词、介词、连词等；(2)不考纯语法。题目答案都要通过上下文理解来确定，没有纯语法考查题；(3)不考纯固定搭配。没有考查纯固定搭配记忆题，即使是搭配，也是可以通过上下文语境推知，如2009年的21题mistook和29题contributions，2008年26题replaced等；(4)不考词语辨析。不考查词义或用法非常相似或难以辨析的词语。一般说来，四个选项的意义相差很大。二、五个根据解答完形填空题，有以下五条“根据”：1根据首句暗示。高考完形填空首句往往不设空，是个完整的句子，通过它可以了解全文，判断文章的大意或主题，建立正确的思维导向，对解题非常关键。2根据逻辑推理。考生要懂得根据文段意思和日常生活经验及科普常识等进行简单的逻辑推理来确定答案。3根据语言结构。就是根据选项所在句的对比结构、排比结构、类似结构等语言结构形式来判断和选择答案。4根据词语复现。词汇复现往往会使语篇中的句子相互衔接得更紧密。利用词语的复现，对解题很有帮助。5根据前后语境。高考完形填空中绝大多数题是要通过理解上下文语境才能选出正确答案。有的根据上文，有的根据下文，有的要上下文结合，甚至通篇看完并理解才能作出正确的选择。三、四遍阅读解答完形填空题的步骤，我们推介“四遍阅读法”：1第一遍略读：快速阅读，理解大意。首先要重视文章的首句，彻底理解第一句话的意思、内涵和作用。其次，跳过空格，快速阅读全文，从整体上感知理解文章大意，弄清楚文章的大致结构，不要没读懂文章就贸然下笔选答案。2第二遍研读：寻找线索，避难就易。再一次研读文章时，边读边结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难、避难就易的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。3第三遍跳读：有的放矢，解决难题。通常在上文中难以判断的题在下文可能有暗示，我们可以结合已经完成的空格更好地理解文意，再来集中精力解决剩下的难题。4第四遍复读：还原文章，多方验证。全部做好后，结合自己选择的答案还原文章，重新阅读短文，确保文意连贯，多方面验证答案的正确性，如果发现比较别扭或不太恰当的情况，应马上推敲其余的答案。四、两个技巧1复现复现是一种词汇衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等形式，重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确答案。(1)原词复现。为了表达的需要，在具体的上下文中同一个单词重复出现。如：All of a sudden I started to feel rather _1_. She wondered why I was looking for this sort of _2_. I felt even more helpless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience.1. A. encouraged B. dissatisfied C. helpless D. pleased2. A. place B. job C. advice D. help解析 第1题中的hopeless和第2题中的job在下文均明确提到，属原词复现。(2)同义词、近义词复现。同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。如：That is what a hobby means, I guess. It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for the _ of it. The value in dollars is not important; we do it for the pleasure it gives us.A. benefit B. good C. fun D. interest解析 句中的pleasure意为“乐趣”，选项中只有fun与之同义，因此，选C。(3)反义词复现。语意的连贯有时是通过对比结构而采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释，考生可以从反义的角度判断正确的选项。如：Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesnt _ your money; it only tightens it.A.loosen B.weaken C.decrease D.reduce解析 前后两部分互为解释，一为肯定，一为否定，为反义词复现。从下文的tighten可以判断，上文应该是选loosen。(4)同源词复现。对于上下文语义复现的表达，还可借助复现信息的同源词或同根词。如：Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. If a long reading assignment is given, the instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the readingWhen research is _, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.A. collected B. assigned C. distributed D. finished解析 该部分作者通过两个例子说明，应该有学生负责自己的学习，都是从布置作业方面解释。说明布置阅读作业时要求学生如何；布置研究作业时又该要求学生如何。两个例子概念类似，借助于givereadingassignment的表达方式，可以确定选B，构成assignresearch的结构。(5)上义词复现。上义词具有概括的作用。在篇章中，有时为了表达的需要，作者会先概述，再分述。概述时用的为上义词，分述则用比较具体的下义词，两者为总分关系。如：Other times, he would join student groups to discuss a variety of : agriculture, diving and mathematics.A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents解析 冒号后自然是对上文的解释，从解释的内容来看，三者统一于一个概念之下，即都属subjects。故答案为B。2同现同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一句话或同一语篇中，以确保语篇的和谐性、得体性。由于单词意义的差别、所使用的语境不同，因此所使用的上下文也各有差异。(1)场所同现。如：On days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves.A. sunny B. rainy C. cloudy D. snowy解析 有“heavy clothes”，“woolen gloves”就有“snowy days”，所以“厚棉衣”“羊毛手套”和“雪天”是场所同现或情况(背景)同现，故选D。(2)修饰同现。如：Although these wide modern roads are generally _ and well maintained, with little sharp curvesand many straight _, a direct route is not always the most enjoyable one.A. stable B. smooth C. splendidD. complicatedA. selections B. separationsC. series D. sections解析 本题涉及到形容词和名词的修饰同现。与高速公路同现的形容词自然应该是“平坦”，有高速公路同现的名词自然有“路段”。由此来判断可知，第一空答案为B，第二空答案为D。(3)因果同现。如：“Hooray!” shouted the crowd. It was the loudest I had ever heard at a meet. The first-place runner was two laps ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line.A. cheer B. shout C. cry D. noise解析 句中Hooray, runner, finishing line 和 cheer, shout 为因果同现词汇，都为体育赛跑比赛中所用的词汇，尽管选项中有shout 一词，但由下文“two laps ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line”可知，cheer“喝彩声”最为贴切，故选A。(4)结构同现。如：Sometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess. , he would join student groups to discuss a variety of subjects: agriculture, diving, mathematics.A. As a matter of fact B. Later on C. Other times D. In general解析 如果考生熟悉 sometimes与 other times 结构上的同现关系，就可立即选定正确答案为C。(5)同义同现。如：If a student has problem with classroom work, the student should either _ a professor duringoffice hours or make an appointment.A. greet B. attach C. approach D. annoy解析 根据同义同现， make an appointment就是approach(接近)老师的一种方式，所以选C。注意，同义同现是同义词出现在同一句子中，而同义复现是同义词出现在不同的句子中。3真题验证下面让我们通过2010年广东高考英语完形填空题来验证这两个绝招的神奇作用吧！Every country has its own culture. Even though each country uses doors. Doors may have 21 functions and purposes which lead to 22 differences. When I first came to America, I noticed that a public building had two different 23 and they had distinct functions. You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to 24 the building. This was new to me, because we use the 25 door in South Korea. For quite a few times I failed to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed. The way of using school bus doors was also 26 to me. I used to take the school bus to classes. The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors, 27 who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on 28 . In South Korea, we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning, I hurried to the bus, and when the bus doors opened, I 29 tried to get on the school bus through the front door. All the students around looked at me, I was totally 30 , and my face went red.21. A. differentB. importantC. practicalD. unusual22. A. nationalB. embarrassingC. culturalD. amazing23. A. exitsB. entrancesC. signsD. doors24. A. enterB. leaveC. openD. close25. A. mainB. sameC. frontD. back26. A. annoying B. hardC. satisfyingD. strange27. A. parentsB. studentsC. teachersD. drivers28. A. soonerB. laterC. fasterD. earlier 29. A. politelyB. patientlyC. unconsciouslyD. slowly30. A. embarrassedB. annoyedC. unsatisfiedD. excited答案与解析 本文主要讲不同国家门的功能不同，使用门的方式也不同。21. A 根据近义词复现，文章首句提到了“每个国家都有它自己的文化”，门也有着不同的功能。此题也可以根据同义词复现得知，下文“they had distinct functions”的distinct就是提示。22. C 根据同源词复现，文章首句中提到了“文化”一词，所以门的功能不同导致了文化差异。23. D 本文是讲不同国家门的不同功能和不同使用方式，根据原词复现，上下文中出现了好几个door，再说，后半句的they也是指“门”。24. A 根据反义词复现，与go out of the building相对应的是enter the building。25. B 根据反义词复现，与前面23题的different doors相对应的是the same door。26. D 根据同义词复现，上文提到了This (=The way of using public building doors) wasnew (=not familiar,strange)to me。本句中的also“也”一词是提示词，表明作者对The way of using school bus doors也很“陌生”的，后文内容提到的不熟悉门的使用方式也有提示。27. B 根据原词复现，下文的and students who were getting on should get on可得出答案。28. B 根据反义词复现，前面提到了get off first，这里是相反的get on later，即要先下后上。29. C 根据场所(情况、背景)同现，前文提到了韩国人不必等别人下了车(再上车)，作者也习惯这样了，所以看到校车门打开后，就“无意识地”上车了。30. A 根据原词复现，文章提到了作者对The way of using public building doors和The way of using school bus doors的使用方式都感到很陌生(new, strange)，第三段末尾提到了感到embarrassed，所以，在这里，当周围所有的同学都看着自己时，脸也红了，当然也是“感到尴尬(embarrassed)”了。哈哈，神奇吧？！都可以运用复现或同现做出来！