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雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，笔者将从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理。以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost4.proportion/ percentage 比例5.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement n. 涉及，卷入，参与6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鉴于考虑到，尽管6.induce v 引入，引导，引诱/ inductive n 归纳 generate 生产，制造/ degrade -grade 等级/ deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下41. 分类：category-categorize/ class-classify 42. consequence后果-影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率43.clash 冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁44. substitution= substitute sth for sb /replace45.alternative= 选择性，代替性，辅助性46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝， 排外，孤立-be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘，隔热（体）47缺点，不足之处：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =n/creative/revolutionary 易错拼写：environment/ convenient49neutral 中立的，中性的 /negative 否定，消极，阴性的 /positive 肯定，积极，阳性的50ambiguous-ambiguity 模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscure51.communicate 沟通，传达，通报52.accommodate 1供.食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使停靠53.commitment 1 to sth 奉献 2 责任,义务54contribute to 导致 result in /account for (占据)导致54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)55.强调：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。 2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。 3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。 7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 15、A mothers love never changes. 母爱永恒。 16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。 17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。 18、A years plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。 19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 20、Better late than never. 不怕慢，单怕站。 21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实，22、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。 23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。 24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。 25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯，事事皆不难。 26、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。 27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。 28、Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。 29、Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。 30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。 31、Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。 33、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。 34、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤，人无完人。 35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。 36、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。37、Each coin has two sides. 38、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 39、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 40、God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。41、Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。 42、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。 43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。 44、It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 45、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量46、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。 47、No pain， no gain.（不劳无获。）48、You never know till you have tried. 不尝试，不知晓。49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起，使人健康、富裕和聪颖。52、Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的教师。53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。54、Where theres a will, theres a way. 有志者事竟成。55、Practice makes perfect （熟能生巧。）56、Pride goes before a fall（骄傲必败。）Superstar and IIts common that many students are crazy about those singers and actors. However, liyundi, a pianist, is the superstar in my heart. He is a man of few words and he even looks like the greatest pianistChopin. When listening to his music , I can get rid of everything noisy around. Whats more, I can feel his strong love for music. Rome wasnt built in one day. He achieved the great success through huge effort. I can learn from him that we should never give up to realize our dreams.Superstar and IHer name first appeared as a joke then like a wonder. She is Susan Boyle, the superstar in my heart. Although shes not beautiful, her voice and spirit moved all the audience, including me. The song I dreamed a dream that she sang touched everyones heart who had a dream and wanted to realize it. She taught me how to go on my dreams as well as never to give up. She is like a sunshine that gives me hope. Where there is a will, there is a way.2010年河北省初中毕业生升学文化课考试英 语 试 卷本试卷分卷和卷两部分。卷为选择题，卷为非选择题。本试卷共120分，考试时间120分钟。卷I（选择题，共85分）注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、科目填涂在答题卡上。考试结束，监考人员将试卷和答题卡一并收回。2每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。答在试卷上无效。3听力部分共包括两小节：第一节在卷，第二节在卷。完成第一节后，请根据录音指令，在卷完成第二节。听力部分（第一节）. 听句子，选出句子中所包含的信息。（共5小题，每小题1分，计5分）1. A. iceB. riceC. voice2. A. E2CR3FB. B2CR7FC. B2OR6F3. A. talking on the phoneB. waiting for a phoneC. shouting at the phone4. A. Jim is younger. B. Tony is younger. C. They are the same age. 5. A. Laugh is good medicine. B. Always take cheap medicine.C. Medicine can make you laugh. 听句子，选出该句的最佳答语。（共5小题，每小题1分，计5分）6. A. You are so kind.B. Thanks, you too!C. That would be fine.7. A. I play the piano.B. I go to work.C. Im a policeman. 8. A. Twenty-eight yuan.B. Three hundred miles.C. Two and a half years.9. A. Yes, please.B. Sorry, I cant.C. Never mind.10. A. But it is not true.B. I dont believe in God.C. Wow, its already 12 oclock! . 听对话和问题，选择正确的选项。（共5小题，每小题1分，计5分）11. A. A cookbook.B. A storybook.C. A picture book.12. A. She is angry. B. She is not hungry.C. She has a stomachache.13. A. On Monday.B. On Wednesday.C. On Thursday.14. AB C15. AB C. 听语段、对话和问题，选择正确答案。（共10小题，每小题1分，计10分）16. What happened to the 4-year-old girl yesterday?A. She was brought home.B. She lost her way.C. She met her parents.17. Who looked after her in the next village?A. A nice mother.B. Her parents.C. A gentleman.ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg18. What do families often do on Fathers Day evening?A. Give cards to fathers.B. Call or visit fathers.C. Go out for dinner.19. When did the special day start? A. In June, 1910.B. In June, 1901.C. In July, 1910.ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg20. When do they choose team members?A. At the end of each term.B. At the beginning of each term.C. After the final term examination.21. What students can be team members? A. Those who are tall and strong.B. Those who want to play against others.C. Those who are good at sports and lessons.ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg22. Where were they yesterday evening?A. At home.B. At the cinema.C. At a restaurant.23. Who will drive this time?A. The man.B. The woman.C. The waiter.24. What time will they leave?A. At 7:30.B. At 7:20.C. At 7:00. 25. Why does the woman ask the man to hold on?A. Because she will go and meet him.B. Because she wants to ask him to pay.C. Because she wants to tell him she will pay.笔试部分. 单项选择（共20小题，每小题1分，计20分）选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。26. Cindy is _ amazing singer. She has lots of fans.A. aB. anC. theD.不填27. Sally is very happy. There is a big smile _ her face.A. onB. toC. inD. at28. I dont think looking after children is just _ work.A. womanB. womansC. womenD. womens29. The Internet is very useful for us. We can _ find information.A. easy B. easily C. hard D. hardly30. Jenny, put on your coat _ you will catch a cold.A. but B. and C. or D. so31. Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?Yes, you _.A. must B. can C. may D. need32. Emma, can you introduce _ to Alice? I want to meet her.A. him B. his C. me D. my33. Id like you _ for a picnic with us.A. go B. to goC. goingD. went34. Sometimes walking is even _ than driving during the busy traffic time.A. fast B. faster C. slow D. slower35. Mike _ his computer and checked his e-mail.A. turned onB. turned offC. turned upD. turned down36. Everyone _ I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shandong.A. find B. thinkC. finds D. thinks37. Hong Kong _ to be a good place for eating today.A. knows B. knewC. is knownD. was known38. This term _ over. The summer vacation is coming in two weeks.A. is B. was C. has beenD. will be 39. I _ a mistake. Please dont be angry with me. A. make B. made C. will makeD. had made40. She is new here, so we know _ about her.A. nothing B. somethingC. anything D. everything41. My brother left school in 2005, and since then he _ in Beijing.A. livesB. livedC. will liveD. has lived42. Peter likes reading a newspaper _ he is having breakfast.A. untilB. while C. becauseD. though43. There are lots of things _ I need to prepare before the trip.A. who B. that C. whomD. whose44. I _ my clothes, and the phone rang.A. washB. washedC. am washingD. was washing45. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me _?A. where you buy it B. where do you buy it C. where you bought it D. where did you buy it. 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，计10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。Homesick is a compound (复合的) word made up of HOME and SICK. You know what each 46 means on its own, of course. But do you know the meaning 47 they are used together? The definition (定义) of homesick is SICK FOR HOME. It means you miss your home.Now think for a minute 48 SEASICK. If you change the word HOME in the definition to the word SEA, would the definition 49 SEASICK? Does seasick mean SICK FOR SEA? It means something quite 50 . Seasick means SICK BY THE MOVEMENT ON THE SEA. When you are 51 , the only place you want to be is at home. When you are seasick, 52 you want to be is at sea.Have you ever 53 a person being heartsick? Heartsick doesnt mean that something is wrong with a persons heart. People are heartsick when they are 54 deep inside as if (好像) their hearts are broken.And we also have other compound words, such as handshake and 55 . Perhaps you may write definitions for them. It must be helpful to know something like this in your English study. 46. A. wordB. phraseC. sentenceD. passage47. A. howB. whyC. whenD. where48. A. forB. fromC. aboutD. like 49. A. getB. fitC. readD. have50. A. rightB. wrongC. sameD. different51. A. homesickB. heartsickC. seasickD. carsick52. A. the first place B. the last place C. the only placeD. the safe place53. A. thought overB. thought outC. heard fromD. heard of54. A. hurtB. hitC. lovedD. moved55. A. hobbyB. heightC. heavenD. handbag . 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，计30分）阅读A、B、C三篇材料，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。AMore and more people like bicycling and it is no surprise. It is fun, healthy and good for the environment. Maybe thats why there are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars on roads worldwide today. Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost!Get on a bicycle and ride around your neighbourhood. You may discover something new all around you. Stopping and getting off a bike is easier than stopping and getting out of your car. You can bike to work and benefit (受益) from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment. You dont even have to ride all the way.Folding (折叠) bikes work well for people who ride the train. Just fold the bike and take it with you. You can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike can be packed in a suitcase. You can also take a common bike with you when you fly. But be sure to look for information by getting on airline websites. Not all airlines are bicycle-friendly to travellers. Health Benefits of Bicycling:l It helps to prevent heart diseases.l Bicycling helps to control your weight.A 15-minute bike ride to and from work three times a week burns off five kilos of fat in a year.l Bicycling can improve your mood (心情). Exercise like bicycling has been shown to make people feel better, more relaxed and self-confident. l Bicycling is healthier than driving.56. From the passage, we know that bicycling is becoming very _.A. surprising B. exciting C. expensive D. popular57. When you are riding your bicycle around your neighbourhood, you may _.A. pollute the environment aroundB. find something you didnt notice C. go everywhere and use a little oil D. get off your bike and begin to work 58. If you travel with a folding bike, you can fold it and _.A. get out of the car B. take it onto a trainC. put it in your purse D. go on airline websites59. One of the benefits from bicycling is that _.A. you can fold the bicycle B. you will be friendly to others C. you will be more relaxed D. you may get fatter and fatter 60. Which is TRUE according to the passage?A. Bicycling is enjoyable exercise for people. B. Driving cars is healthier than riding bikes.C. Riding a bike pollutes your neighbourhood.D. Common bikes are welcomed by all airlines.BJack is a clerk of a bookstore. Here is the note from his boss, Ben. Jack has to decide what books to order according to the following note and the descriptions of the books. Hi Jack,You must hand in the order list of books to me by the first working day of every month. The rules for choosing books are:For textbooks: August is coming. We must choose all textbooks, without thinking of other rules.For books which are not textbooks: If more than five copies of books were sold last month, we choose them. But if there are five copies or more in stock (现货), we do not make an order. If the wholesale (批发) prices of the books are higher than $75, we do not choose them. And we do not order anything whose retail (零售) price is higher than $100.BenThe descriptions of the booksTitle: Homeland EnglishPublisher (出版社): Homeland LtdWholesale price: $110Retail price: $140Textbook: Yes Copies sold last month: 3Copies in stock: 2Title: How to Become SuccessfulPublisher: Founders Company LtdWholesale price: $25Retail price: $40Textbook: No Copies sold last month: 2Copies in stock: 1Title: Biology at a GlancePublisher: New Times Publishing LtdWholesale price: $70Retail price: $95Textbook: NoCopies sold last month: 18Copies in stock: 3Title: Good Health in 20 DaysPublisher: Oscar World LtdWholesale price: $50Retail price: $66Textbook: NoCopies sold last month: 10Copies in stock: 2061. Jack must hand in the order list to his boss by _.A. the first day of last AugustB. the last working day of this month C. the last day of next August D. the first working day of each month62. If Jack wants to buy the books about success, he should order them from _.A. Homeland Ltd B. Founders Company LtdC. Oscar World Ltd D. New Times Publishing Ltd 63. The wholesale price of the book _ is over $100.A. Homeland English B. Good Health in 20 DaysC. Biology at a Glance D. How to Become Successful64. The number of the books sold best last month is _.A. 3 B. 10 C. 18 D. 2065. Jack cant buy Good Health in 20 Days because _.A. it is not a school textbookB. its wholesale price is too highC. the copies in stock are more than 5 D. the copies sold last month are over 5CLike many people, I have no clear idea about heroes. At some point, we all wonder if we need a hero and what a hero really is.Although there are a lot of differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics (特点) which give us courage and make us want to learn from them. A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a special story to tell and people think highly of it. But a hero is not just the person with great fame (声誉) .A hero has powers (力量) larger than himself. Some people want to live like a hero, and they have to experience life with new and further meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom they serve. What do they want to live and die for? If the answer suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes.A hero has a vision from the mountaintop. He has the power to move people. He creates new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of Britain. Without Martin Luther King, Jr., Americans might take different buses, eat in different restaurants, go for walks in different parks, and shop in different stores because of the different colours of their skin. There might be changes in society without a hero, but the speed of change would be rather slow. Thanks to heroes in history, they make the society develop so rapidly. 66. According to this passage, a hero is a person who always _.A. gives us courage B. thinks highly of others C. shares great fame D. stands on the mountaintop67. If you want to live like a hero, you should _.A. experience a new and meaningful life B. listen to something worth talking ab
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