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Unit11. Banked clozeHave you ever heard people say that they tend to be more of a right-brainor left-brain thinker? From books to television programs, you have probably heardthe term mentioned numerous times, or perhaps you have even taken an online test to determine which type best describes you. Do different parts of the brain really control different bodily and mental functions? Over the years, a theory that has gained in popularity is that the right brain and the left brain are responsible for different modes of thought and that the way in which a person thinks will depend on which side of his brain works more actively. People who rely more heavily on the right half of their brain tend to be more imaginative and spontaneous. They are interested in patterns, shapes and sizes, for the right brain is associated with artistic ability like singing, painting,Writing poetry, etc. Left-brain dominated people are quite opposite in the way they think. They tend to be more logical and analytical in their thinking and usually stand out in mathematics and word skills. While the different functions of the two brain parts may have been distorted and exaggerated by popular psychology, understanding you strengths and weaknesses in certain areas can help you develop better ways to learn and study. For example, if you are usually stumped in trying to follow verbal instructions, an activity often cited as a right-brain characteristic, you can benefit from writing down directions and developing better organizational skills. 2.中庸思想（Doctrine of the Mean）是儒家思想的核心内容。The Doctrine of the Mean is the core of Confucianism.孔子所谓的“中”不是指“折中”，而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。The so-called “mean” by Confucius doesnt mean “compromise” but a “moderate” and “Just right” way when understanding and handling objective things. 孔子主张不仅要把这种思想作为一种认识和处理事物的方法来看待，而且还应该通过自身修养和锻炼，把它融入自己的日常行为当中，使之成为一种美德。Confucius advocated that this thought should not only be treated as away to understand and deal with things but also be integrated into ones daily conduct to make it a virtue through self-cultivation and training.中庸思想是儒家思想的核心，也是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core of Confucianism but also an important component of traditional Chinese culture.从它的形成到现在，一直为民族精神的构建、民族智慧的传播、民族文化的发展发挥着不可估量的作用。From the time it came into being to the present, it has played an invaluable role in the construction of nation spirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture. Unit21. Banked clozeI was once in a relationship with a woman who was the most brilliant, creative and driven person Id ever known. I told her these things often because she didnt see herself this way, despite achieving great success and acclaim(称赞)in her professional field. She was also gorgeous and sexy, thought she seemed not to realize this either, so I told her these things too. But while I thought it was more important to praise her brilliance, it seemed to mean more to her that she was considered attractive. My experience with this girlfriend exemplifies a common phenomenon in life-when it comes to complimenting a woman, men often walk a very difficult line. Of course, context matters. In a professional setting, talking about appearance is often inappropriate, but at a singles club, it may be important. She will be very pleased if a man thinks her cloths and accessories are pretty, or her hair looks wonderful. However, things in between these two cases are unclear. Women have every right to be recognized and appreciated or their intelligence and creativity. But at the same time, they want to be admired for their looks as well, for example, their perfect skin complexion and elegant outfits. Unfortunately, most guys dont understand this. If we receive compliments from women, theyre usually about our achievements, not our looks. Most of us dont expect a woman to tell us how handsome or sexy we are, and some of us would find it hard to regard such a (an) comment as sincere. Im not saying its very hard to be a guy these days. It is important for every man to understand how to treat women with both respect and admiration. But as far as the right balance of these two is concerned, we really have no frame of reference, especially when it comes to looks.2. 中国的四大名著是指三国演义（Romance of the Three Kingdoms）、水浒传（Outlaws of the Marsh）、西游记（Journey to the West）和红楼梦（A Dream of Red Mansions）四部著名小说。The four great classic Chinese novels are Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Outlaws of the Marsh, Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. 它们的创作时间均处于元末明初至清代期间，All the four novels were written during the period from the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties to the Qing Dynasty.其内容反映了中国古代的政治和军事斗争、社会矛盾、文化信仰等各个方面。They all reflect various aspects of ancient China, including political and military strife , social conflicts and cultural beliefs.四大名著具有很高的艺术水平，代表了中国古典小说的高峰。The four novels are of supreme artistic standards, representing the peak of Chinas classic novels.书中的许多人物和场景在中国家喻户晓，并且已经深深地影响了整个民族的思想观念和价值取向。Lots of the characters and scenes in the books are well-known in China and have exerted profound influences on the ideology and values of the entire nation.四本著作在中国古代民俗、封建制度、社会生活等多个领域皆有巨大的研究价值，是中国乃至全人类的宝贵文化遗产。Highly valuable for the research of Chinas ancient customs, feudal system, and social life, the four classic novels are precious cultural relics of China as well as the human society as a whole.Unit31. Banked clozeIn some urban centers, workaholism(工作狂)is so common that people du not consider it unusual: They accept the lifestyle as normal. Government workers in Washington D.C., for example, frequently work 60 to 70 hours a week. They dont do this because they have do; they do it because they want to. Workaholism can be a serious problem. True workaholics, being deeply immersed in their work, allow themselves little or no time to take breaks. They like to work without being disrupted, and they probably dont know how to relax.But is Workaholism always bad? Perhaps not. There are people who work well under stress. Besides, some studies show that many workaholics have great energy and interest in their own sphere. Their work is so pleasurable that they are actually very happy. For most workaholics, work and entertainment are the same thing. Their work challenge them, keeping them busy and genuinely engaged.Why do workaholics enjoy doing their jobs so much? Of course they get paychecks from it, but it is hard to quantify the pleasure with money. It offers more than financial security. Psychologists claim that work gives people an identity and provides them with self-confidence. People have a feeling of satisfaction when they administrate a business well or complete a challenging piece of work. In addition, most jobs provide a socially acceptable way for people to meet others. So, thought some people are compulsive(强迫性的) about their work, their addiction seems to be a safe or even an advantageous one. They feel empty and incomplete when they are involved in activities not related to work. 2. 近年来，随着互联网技术的迅猛发展，互联网经济已成为一个热门话题。In recent years, with the rapid development of Internet technology, the Internet economy has become a hot issue.以蓬勃发展的电子商务为代表的互联网经济已成为经济发展的重要引擎。As represented by the promising E-commerce, the Internet economy has become a strong driving force for the economic development.我国政府高度重视发展互联网，提出了“互联网+”的概念，以推动互联网与医疗、交通、教育、金融、公共服务等领域的结合。Our government attaches great importance to developing the Internet economy and proposes the concept of“Internet plus”, aiming to integrate Internet with other industries, such as health care, transportation, education, finance and public service.这将为互联网经济的发展提供极大的发展潜力和更广阔的发展空间。This will create great potential and broad prospects for the development off the Internet economy.随着“户联网+”战略的深入实施，互联网必将与更多传统行业进一步融合，助力打造“中国经济升级版”。With the implementation of the“Internet Plus” strategy, the Internet is certain to be integrated with more traditional industries and help build“the upgraded version of the Chinese economy”.Unit41. Banked cloze Farming invariably interferes with the habitats of plants and animals. However, this does not necessarily mean that agriculture and biodiversity are incompatible. In fact, quite the opposite is true. The sustainable cultivation of plants for food and feed actually enables us to preserve biodiversity. By 2007, there were more than twice as many people living on the planet as there were in 1961. Over the same period, the total amount of available arable() land grew by just 10 percent. In comparison with population growth, the expansion of arable land was small. And there are limits to further expansion. A large proportion of the earths surface-like deserts-is not suitable for cultivation, and other areas are utilized by humans for roads and buildings. Some land that is rich in biodiversity needs to be preserved and thus should not be converted into arable land. The tropical rain forests, for example, have the highest species density in the world, and changing this land for crop cultivation would be dreadful to these species habitats and, indeed, existence. By 2050, global demand for food will have risen by 70 percent. But the expansion of land available for cultivation has its limits. This is one of the greatest challenges facing agriculture today: How do we balance the increased demand for food with the need to maintain biological diversity, now and in the future? Efficient and sane use of land will be key to preserving natural animal and plant habitats. To achieve this aim will depend to a(an) considerable extent on the use of modern agricultural methods. If these methods are successfully applied, we believe that agriculture and biodiversity can coexist in harmony.2.苏州园林是中国古典园林最杰出的代表，大部分为私家所有。Suzhou gardens are the most outstanding representatives of classical Chinese gardens. Most of them were privately-owned.苏州园林始于春秋，兴于宋元，盛于明清。The gardens first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period, develop in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties. 清末苏州园林已有各色园林170余处，为其赢得了“园林之城”的称号。By the late Qing Dynasty, Suzhou had got as many as over 170 gardens of diverse, winning it the name “The City of Gardens”. 现保存完好的园林有60多处，对外开放的有十余处。Now, over 60 gardens are kept in good condition, of which more than 10 are open to the public.其中沧浪亭、狮子林、拙政园和留园分别代表着宋、元、明、清四个朝代的艺术风格，被称为“ 苏州四大名园”。The Surging Wave Pavilion, the Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrators Garden and the Lingering Garden are called the four most famous garden in Suzhou, representing the artistic styles of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties respectively.苏州园林宅园合一，可赏，可游，可居，其建筑规制反映了中国古代江南民间的生活方式和礼仪习俗。Suzhou gardens are assemblies of residences and gardens, which make them suitable places for living, visiting and appreciating.The architectural principles of the gardens are a demonstration of the lifestyle and social customs of the ancient Chinese people in the south of the Lower Yangtze River.苏州园林不仅是历史文化的产物，同时也是中国传统思想文化的载体。Suzhou gardens are not only a product of Chinese history and culture, but also a carrier of traditional Chinese ideology and culture.1997年，苏州园林被联合国教科文组织列入“世界遗产名录”。In 1997, Suzhou gardens were inscribed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO.Unit51. Stereotypes have some truth mixed in with a few generalizations. Sometimes these generalizations can be misleading as they are often based on observation of the exterior behavior of people in a certain culture. Spaghetti, pasta, mafia(黑手党), gestures, fashion-these are some words commonly used to describe Italians. How much truth is there in the stereotype? As an Italian myself, I will give you some insightsinto the Italian soul and clarify some misunderstandings that foreigners have about us. Spaghetti and pasta are sacred. You cant take pasta away from an Italian meal; otherwise it wont be complete. A typical Italian meal generally includes pasta as a starter, fish or meat with salad as the main course, followed by fruit or dessert, and then coffee. But there are considerable regional differences in Italy, and hence inconsistencies exist between the stereotype and reality. For instance, you might find risotto(加有肉、鱼或蔬菜的调味饭) replacing pasta in some places! The Mafia is real: We are not proud of it, but it does exist, especially in the South and on the island of Sicily. Obviously, not every Italian is a member of the Mafia, and most will be offended if you use the term, even if you are just joking. Yes, the way we speak is unique. Italians use gestures a lot in communication. We simply cannot talk without our hands. If the hands are busy doing something else, we start moving shoulders or other parts of the body. We are also fashion victims. You can recognize Italians by the way they dress from head to toe. We wear stylish clothes and ornaments for every possible occasion. You wont ever see an Italian wearing running shorts combined with long socks: Its simply against our sense of style! Italy is made up of many regions and provinces which are similar in some ways and distinctive in others. The stereotype contains some truth, but being Italian takes a lot more than that. 2.中华文明曾对世界文明产生过重大影响。Chinese civilization once had a significant influence on world civilization.近年来，随着我国经济的发展和国际地位的提升，历史悠久的中国文化正引起世界新的关注。With the development of our countrys economy and the rise of her international status in recent years, Chinese culture, which has a long history, is once again attracting global attention.越来越多的中国元素为当今世界时尚、文学、影视作品等提供了创作灵感，成为热门题材。More and more Chinese cultural elements provide inspiration for and become popular subjects of fashions, literature and movies around the world.这一现象表明，世界需要中国文化。This shows that the world needs Chinese culture.在这种背景下，我国决定实施文化“走出去”的战略，以加强中国与世界其他各国的文化交流。It was in this context that China decided to implement the “Culture Exporting” strategy so as to enhance her cultural exchanges with the rest of the world.经过数年的努力，这项工程已经取得了很大的成绩。After several years efforts, great achievements have been made in this respect.文化“走出去”大力推动了我国文化产业的发展，正成为提升我国国家形象和综合实力的有效途径。“Culture Exporting” has greatly promoted the development of our cultural industries. It is becoming an effective approach through which China enhances her nation image and comprehensive strength.Unit61. Banked clozeTo invest in womens education and health is important for the overall welfare of the human society. The reason for saying so is obvious, that is, women are playing important roles in modern society. The politicians who levy taxes should know that women contribute to 40 percent of the worlds production in agriculture, a quarter in industry, and a third in services. Women farmers in the developing countries grow at least 50 percent of the worlds food. In addition to generating income, women continue to take responsibilities for household activities such as childcare, cleaning and preparing food, which are sometimes not as lightweight and easy as generally thought. Yet womens productivity remains low. Improving womens productivity can greatly benefit economic growth and poverty reduction which are key development goals around the world. Hence, to enhance womens status is a vital part of the World Banks strategy for broadly based economic and human resource development. To improve womens welfare calls for the efforts of both women and men. If long-term change in the conditions of women is to be achieved, the actions and attitudes of men must change, rather than simply to emancipate women from old conventions. Problems affecting women are often closely related to the social relationships between men and women. For example, it is impossible to deal with womens health problems effectively through approaches that involve only women. Many womens health problems are embedded in unequal gender relation in work loads, responsibilities for family welfare, as well as access to resources and decision-making.2.博鳌亚洲论坛（Boao Forum for Asia）是一个非政府/非营利性的国际组织。Boao Forum for Asia（BFA）is a non-governmental, non-profit international organization.它是由25个亚洲国家和澳大利亚发起的,于2001年正式成立,总部位于中国的海南省博鳌镇。Initiated by 25 Asian countries and Australia, it was officially founded in 2001. The organization is headquartered in Boao Town in Chinas Hainan Province. 博鳌亚洲论坛以平等、互惠、合作和共赢为主旨，致力于推动亚洲各国之间的经济交流、协调与合作，并增强亚洲与世界其他地区的对话和联系。With equality, mutual benefit, cooperation and win-win as its objectives, BFA is devoted to promoting economic exchange, coordination and cooperation between Asian countries as well as enhancing dialogs and ties between Asia and other parts of the world. 它为有关国家的政府、企业及专家学者提供了一个工商亚洲以及全球事务的高层次平台。The forum provides a high-level platform where governments, businesses and scholars from relevant countries discuss Asian and global affairs.通过区域经济的进一步合作，博鳌亚洲论坛将推进亚洲国家实现发展目标，为建设一个更加繁荣、稳定、和平的新亚洲做出重要贡献。Through further regional economic cooperation, BFA will facilitate the realization of Asian countries goals and contribute to a new Asia that boasts greater prosperity, stability and peace.
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